No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Pancreas*

BACKGROUND: Up to now, sleep stages have traditionally been determined by the visual inspection of individual EEG waves. However, the exact physiological meaning of the sleep waves is not known. The purpose of this study was to try and find out the physiological parameters of the EEG of the sleep and wakefulness states by calculating one of the non-linear chaos parameter, the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE), of EEG time series. METHODS: The digital EEG of the wakefulness with eye opening (WEO), wakefulness with eye closure (WEC), stage1 (S1), stage2 (S2), stage3 or 4 (S34) were recorded at centroparietal region (C4-P4 bipolar derivation) in 10 normal subjects. Lyapunov exponents of 50 EEG time series in different states were compared. RESULTS: LLE's of WEO, WEC, S1, S2, S34 showed an increas-ing tendency as states switched from wakefulness to sleep. LLE of sleep was larger than that of awake state. CONCLUSIONS: The EEG of the sleep state appeared to be more chaotic than that of the awake state. This nonlinear chaos parameter can be used as a physiological parameter of normal sleep and awake states.
Electroencephalography* ; Sleep Stages ; Wakefulness*

Evaluation of a fever of unknown origin (FUO) is complex. Recently, PET scanning has been approved for screening in FUO evaluation. We treated three cases of FUO associated with increased FDG uptake in the bone marrow of the femur and tibia on the fusion PET/CT; all three had the same pattern of uptake. Bone marrow biopsies revealed mature lymphocyte and histiocyte infiltration and myxoid changes in one case, and cortical bone involvement in another case. The cases were all young females who had fever with neutropenia and relative lymphocytosis that lasted for several weeks and then remitted spontaneously. Even though the results of the studies were not diagnostic, the unique uptake pattern on PET/CT and the histology might be related to the cause of the illness and should be studied further to assess the association with classic FUO.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Female ; Femur ; Fever ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytosis ; Mass Screening ; Neutropenia ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tibia

Non-O1 V. cholerae usually causes endemic disease. Common clinical manifestations of this infection involve gastroenteritis, sepsis, and wound infection. In Korea, six cases of infection with this pathogen have been reported. From 1995 to 1996, non-O1 V. cholerae was isolated from blood of three patients of sepsis in this hospital. Two of them had liver cirrhosis as an underlying disease. One patient died of progressive sepsis and another two patients recovered. The isolates were identified by API 20E(API system, BioMerieux, France) and their biochemical properties were characterized. The serotypes of two isolates were determined to be O2 and O24. These cases, with the previous reports, suggest that non-O1 V. cholera should be considered as a pathogen causing septicemia in patients who have underlying disease of liver cirrhosis during summer.
Cholera ; Endemic Diseases ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Sepsis* ; Vibrio cholerae* ; Vibrio* ; Wound Infection

Towards the end of 2019, an atypical acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China and subsequently named Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The rapid dissemination of COVID-19 has provoked a global crisis in public health. COVID-19 has been reported to cause sepsis, severe infections in the respiratory tract, multiple organ failure, and pulmonary fibrosis, all of which might induce mortality. Although several vaccines for COVID-19 are currently being administered worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic is not yet effectively under control.Therefore, novel therapeutic agents to eradicate the cause of the disease and/or manage the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 should be developed to effectively regulate the current pandemic. In this review, we discuss the possibility of managing the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 using natural products derived from medicinal plants used for controlling pulmonary inflammatory diseases in folk medicine. Diverse natural products have been reported to exert potential antiviral effects in vitro by affecting viral replication, entry into host cells, assembly in host cells, and release. However, the in vivo antiviral effects and clinical antiviral efficacies of these natural products against SARS-CoV-2 have not been successfully proven to date. Thus, these properties need to be elucidated through further investigations, including randomized clinical trials, in order to develop optimal and ideal therapeutic candidates for COVID-19.

In this study, we investigated whether eriodictyol exerts an effect on the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucin in human pulmonary epithelial NCI-H292 cells. The cells were pretreated with eriodictyol for 30 min and then stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h. The effect of eriodictyol on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was also investigated. Eriodictyol suppressed the MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression induced by PMA via suppression of inhibitory kappa Bα degradation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. These results suggest that eriodictyol inhibits mucin gene expression and production in human airway epithelial cells via regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy(DMD) is a debilitating X-linked muscle disease and dyskophin is a muscle membrane protein, which is recently discovered through reverse genetics by Kunkel et al(1987). We evaluate the dystrophin distribution by irnmunohistochemical staining with anti Torpedo dyskophin antibody in the muscle biopsy materials from 11 clinically and pathologically diagnosed Duchenne type muscular dyskophy and 23 controls of other neuromuscular disorders or normal amputed legs. Normal staining of dystrophin were found in all the muscle preparation from 23 controls. In 10 of 11 pahents with Duchenne type muscular dyskophy diagnosed clinically and pathologically, reaction to anti-Torpedo dystrophin antibody was absent or markedly deficient. However, in one subject with definite DMD clinically, the immunostaining showed normal dense staining. He was a 5-year-old boy who was presented with abdominal pain and general muscle weakness, and his final diagnosis were choledocal cyst and Duchenne muscular dyskophy. Therefore it could be concluded that the immunohistochemical staining with anti-Torpedo dystrophin antibody should prove helpful in delineatior of myopathies that overlap clinically with Duchenne type progressive muscular dyskophies and it shows prornise as an accurate tool for the diagnosis of DMD and for the evaluation of therapeutic effects.
Abdominal Pain ; Biopsy ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Dystrophin* ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscular Diseases ; Muscular Dystrophies* ; Reverse Genetics ; Torpedo

We report a case of calcific bursitis of the shoulder in four-year-old boy who had severe pain and limitation of motion of the left shoulder joint for three days. Radiographs revealed the oval radiopaque lesion in the subacormial space, and the MR signal intensity of the mass was moderate on T2WI. Histological examination of the mass showed acute necrotizing inflammation with calcification.
Bursitis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint

The efficacy of the CA-2-MP120 vaccine, a cell culture-attenuated strain of virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), was assessed in pigs. Despite the persistence of viremia in all vaccinated animals during the immunization period, the virus was not detected in vaccinated pigs following challenge. Furthermore, no pigs in the vaccinated group shed PRRSV nasally, orally or rectally throughout the experiment. Moreover, histopathological lung and lymph node lesions in the immunized group were much milder than those in the unimmunized and challenged group. These results indicated that CA-2-MP120 can provide effective protection against virulent wildtype PRRSV-2.
Animals ; Immunization ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ; Swine ; Treatment Outcome ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Viremia