Since opening of the Yeungnam University Hospital in June 1983 till end of 1984, total 30 cases of cerebral thrombosis were analyzed clinically. Among the 30. 17 cases were given Urokinase from 60,000 to 240,000 units daily for 2-46 days. The interval from the onset to the inititiation of therapy varied from 1 hour to 17 days. Ten cases showed marked recovery and 6 cases moderate improvement. One case, in which only 120,000 units daily were administered, showed stationary course. The interval of the Urokinase untreated 13 cases was from 3 days to 18 months. Six cases were sationary, whereas 7 cases showed mild improvement. Age, sex, past history, associated diseases, and the laboratory findings are shown in the tables. Conclusion is that the earlier the therapy started, the higher the dosage used, the better of the results is obtained.
Intracranial Thrombosis* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*

The clinical state with EEG pattern similar to interval discharge of epileptics is named as latent epilepsy, which does not necessarily mean that the patient will develop epilepsy later. However, since there is possibility of developing epilepsy on later date, antiepileptic mainly dilantin was tried to control the abnormal EEG. Since January to October 1985, total 580 headache cases with more than moderately abnormal EEG visited the Neurology Clinic. Among them 162 cases with interval seizure pattern (ISP) of epilepsy were selected for the study. The main ISP was 1. diffuse theta and/or delta bursts and 2. spikes. Since the study in only analysis of clinical treatment of 162 cases without previous planning based on financial aid, about 30% of the patients did not return after the 1st EEG examination, in 42% failed to follow the EEG after the treatment and only remaining 28% of the cases were studied. Among 29 patients who were treated with Dilantin 100mg tid po, 16 improved and 13 not. Of the 13, 4 showed partial improvement and partial progression. Case1. In 4 weeks of antiepileptic therapy (AR), spikes disappeared but in 2 months developed bursts. Case2. In 17days of AR, spikes and bursts disappeared but in 3 months bursts reccured. Case3. In 1 week of AR, bursts disappeared but spikes developed. Case4. In 3 months of AR, no change of spikes and bursts and she discontinued the AR. In 6 months she developed grandma seizure. Eighteen cases, treated with other drugs except antiepileptics, all showed improvement. The other drugs were vincaprol, polygammalon, aronamin, ATP and hydergine. The improved cases had spikes more often than theta bursts. In view of the small number of the cases due to dropping most patients out of present study, it is considered meaningless to perform statistical analysis. Further well planned study with more patients is to be expected.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Anticonvulsants ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy* ; Ergoloid Mesylates ; Headache ; Humans ; Neurology ; Phenytoin ; Seizures

Myopathy in primary aldosteronism in relatively rare disease in Korea. A 42-year-old woman with hypokalemic periodic paralysis, proximal muscle weakness and hypertension was found to have myopathy associated with adenoma in the right adrenal gland. She showed marked elevation of muscle enzymes and myopathic pattern in EMG.
Adenoma ; Adrenal Glands ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Hypertension ; Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis ; Korea ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscular Diseases* ; Rare Diseases

Etiologic factors and prognosis of delayed postanoxic encephalopathy (DPE) was analyzed in 30 patients admitted in Yeungnam University Medical Center from March, 1984 to April, 1987. Twenty-three among the 30 cases was possible to be followed. The results are as follows. 1. The incidence in over 30 years of age was 77%, and sex ratio was 1:1.7 for male and female. 2. The lucid interval of DPE was from 5 to 191 days (mean=19 days) and interval between 3 to 4 weeks occupied 60%. 3. The longer the duration of exposure to CO and the more comatous of the mental state, the more increased was the incidence of DPE. 4. The hyperbaric O2 threapy had no influence on the incidence of DPE but absolute bed rest on acute CO poisoning ws important to prevent DPE. Therefore, absolute bed rest during lucid interval at least 2 weeks is more important factor to prevent DPE. 5. DPE victims are likely to retire from his social position.
Academic Medical Centers ; Bed Rest ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Poisoning ; Prognosis* ; Sex Ratio

To obtain the basic data of prognosis of acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, one hundred and sixteen cases of CO intoxication defined by carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and admitted via emergency room of Yeungnam University Hospital from Oct. '85 to April' 89 have been clinically analyzed and evaluated, including delayed postanoxic encephalopathy (DPE) and the following results were obtained. 1. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.5 and mental state was drowsy mostly (26.2% of 116 cases) 2. The more disturbed the mental state, the more decreased was the arterial pH and PaCO₂, which may be the result of metabolic acidosis. 3. The early laboratory findings in patients of CO intoxication were as follows: leukocytosis-65.5%, increase of hematocrit-23.3%, hyperglycemia-19.8%, increase of GPT-19.8% increase of creatinine-0.9% and glucosuria-12.1%. 4. The early findings of EKG were abnormal in 35.3%: change of rhythm-25.0%, abnormal ST segment 15.5% (change of rhythm and abnormal ST segment-5.2%) but the conduction disorder was not present. 5. The abnormal EEG above mild degree was 93.1%, of which moderate was most frequent (80.2%). 6. The incidence of DPE was 7.8% among all admitted CO patients. DPE cases had long duration of exposure time (8 hours), severe leukocytosis (20,000) and an abnormal EEG (MA).
Acidosis ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Brain Diseases ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Carboxyhemoglobin ; Clinical Study* ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incidence ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Prognosis

Uterine sarcomas are relatively rare tumors of mesodermal origin that constitute 2-6% of uterine malignancies. Uterine sarcomas include endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS), malignant mixed m llerian tumor (MMMT) of both homologous and heterologous type, pure heterologous sarcomas, blood vessel sarcomas, and lymphoma. Endometrial stromal tumors are divided into three types: 1) endometrial stromal nodule, 2) low-grade stromal sarcoma or endolymphatic stromal myosis, and 3) endometrial stromal sarcoma. The low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is very rare. It shows occasional local recurrence, which might arise from endometrial stroma, from adenomyosis, and rarely from endometriosis. We have experienced a case of low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus in a 54-year-old woman, which is presented with a review of literatures.
Adenomyosis ; Blood Vessels ; Endometrial Stromal Tumors ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Lymphoma ; Mesoderm ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal* ; Uterus*

The diagnosis of OPCA could be made clinically with important aid of brain CT scanning, although the definite and conclusive diagnosis only by postmortem pathological determination. We reviewed, clinically and with brain CT examination, 12 cases of patients with OPCA who were admitted to the Yeungnam University Hospital for a recent 5 years. The result were as following: 1. The distribution of age is from 49 to 72, mainly 50 to 60. Man is more frequent than women at the 4.5 times. 2. The interval period from Sx. Onset to diagnosis is 1 year to 6 years. 3. The usual initial Sxs. Were dizziness (58%), ataxia (33%), and other less frequent Sxs. Were weakness of low extremities, dysarthria, headache and urinary incontinence. The clinical manifestations at the initial diagnosis were cerebellar disturbance (100%), dysarthria (83%), and increased deep tendon reflexes (58%). 4. The results of brain CT finding are like this: the width of cerebellar sulci is more than 1mm, other 4 cases more than 2mm. the width of cerebellar pontine cistern of the patient if usually 3 to 4mm, other 2 cases extended to the 5 mm. the A. P and lateral lengths of 4th. ventricle is 4 mm and 4 to 8 mm respectively. 6 cases of whole patients show coincidentally cerebral atrophy.
Ataxia ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Clinical Study* ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Dysarthria ; Extremities ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies* ; Reflex, Stretch ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urinary Incontinence

PURPOSE: To analyze the characteristies of traumatic brainstem injury by CT and MR MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT and MR studies of 10 patients with traumatic brainstem lesion in MR were retrospectively reviewed, particularly attended to location, signal intensity and associated lesions. RESULTS: CT failed to depict 8 of 10 brainstem lesions. All lesions were detected in MR images with T2-weighted images showing higher detection rate (n=10) (100%) than Tl-weighted images (n=3) (30%) or CT (n=2) (20%). The brainstem lesions located in the dorsolateral aspects of the rostral brainstem(mid brain and upper pons)in 7 (70%) cases, in ventral aspects of rostral brain in 2 (20%) cases and in median portion of pons in 1 (10%) case. Corpus callosal (n=5), Iobar white matter(n=5) diffuse axonal injury, and 2 hemorrhagic lesions in basal ganglia were the associated findings. CONCLUSION: MR imaging is more helpful than CT in the detection of brainstem injury, especially T2 weighted images. Primary brainstem lesions were typically located in the dorsolateral aspect of rostral brainstem(midbrain and upper pons). Corpus callosum and white matter lesions were frequently associated.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Brain Stem* ; Corpus Callosum ; Diffuse Axonal Injury ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pons ; Retrospective Studies

Laughter as an epileptic phenomenon is very uncommon. The introduction of the term gelastic epilepsy by Daly and Mulder (1957) may have resulted in less precision in diagnosis. Laughter does not necessarily include Mirth (gelos). Smiling may be volumtary or barely perceptible, whereas the laryngeal and respiratory components of laughter are more likely to be involuntary and are definite. To this time the loction of this epilepsy is said to be related with temporal lobe and hypothalamus. This case which we present with reviewing of the literature has paroxysmally a burst of loud, high-pitched laughter without any emotional expression. It suggests that at the production of this laughter some fasciorespiratory pathways might be involved, and that the start of this epileptic discharge is probably from a lesion of the orbito-frontal area.
Diagnosis ; Epilepsies, Partial* ; Epilepsy ; Hypothalamus ; Laughter ; Smiling ; Temporal Lobe

Nerve conduction studies help delineate the extent and distribution of the neural lesion. The nerve conduction was studied on upper (median, ulnar and radial nerves) and lower (personal, posterior tibial and sural nerves) extremities in 83 healthy subjects 23 to 66 years of age, and normal values were established (Table 1). The mean motor terminal latency (TL): median, 3.6 (±0.6) milliseconds; ulnar, 2.9 (±0.5) milliseconds; radial nerve, 2.3 (±0.4) milliseconds. Mean motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) along distal and proximal segments: median, 61.2 (±9.1) (W-E) and 57.8 (±13.2) (E-Ax) meters per second; ulnar, 63.7 (±9.1) (W-E) and 50.6 (±10.0) meters per second. Mean sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV): median, 34.7 (±6.7) (F-W), 63.7 (±7.1) (W-E) and 62.8 (±12.3) (E-Ax) meters per second; ulnar, 38.0 (±6.7) (F-W), 63.4 (±7.5) (W-E) and 57.0 (±10.1) (E-Ax) meters per second; radial, 45.3 (±6.8) (F-W) and 64.2 (±11.0) (W-E) meters per second; sural nerve, 43.4 (±6.1) meters per second. The amplitudes of action potential and H-reflex were also standardized. Mean H latency was 28.4 (±3.2) milliseconds. And, the fundamental principles, several factors altering the rate of nerve conduction and clinical application of nerve stimulation techniques were reviewed.
Action Potentials ; Adult* ; Extremities ; H-Reflex ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Neural Conduction* ; Radial Nerve ; Reference Values ; Sural Nerve