A clinical observation was performed on 154 cases of chronic prostatitis in the Department of Urology, National Seoul Hospital from January 1981 to March 1982. The results are as follows: 1. 121 cases or 78.4 percent of the cases were observed among the ages between 20 to 40 years are more than one half of these cases were seen between the ages of 26 to 35 years. 2. Previous diseases were Non-gonococcal urethritis on 82 cases (53.2%), Gonococcal urethritis on 45 cases(29.2%) and previous prostatitis on 15 cases (9.7%). 12 cases (7.8%) were free of previous diseases. 3. Most frequently observed symptoms consisted of those of mild chronic urethritis such as morning drop, urethral discomfort, perineal discomfort and frequency. 4. In microscopic findings of wet smear of the prostatic secretion, 125 cases (81.2%) showed W.B.C. more than10/H.P,F. 29 cases (18.8%) were within normal limit. 5. In 125 cases in which prostatic gram stain was done, microorganisms were gram (+) cocci on 26 cases (20.8%),gram (-) bacilli on 12 cases (9.6%) and gram (+) bacilli on 10 cases (8.0%). No microorganism were on 77 cases (61.6%).
Prostatitis* ; Seoul ; Urethritis ; Urology

A clinical observation was made on 25 patients of cryptorchism who had been admitted to the Department of Urology, National Seoul Hospital during the 3 years period from January, 1979 to December, 1981. The following results were obtained: 1. The most frequent age group was seen at over 15 and average age was 11.2 years which means too late for requiring adequate treatment. 2. Orchiopexy was performed on 28 testis (84.9%), 4 cases were performed the orchiectomy because of atrophy or impossible placement to scrotum and histopathology revealed atrophic change, in all removed testes. 3 cases among them were proved to oligo-azoospermia by semen analysis. 3. The bilateral cryptorchisms were observed in 8 cases (32%)and inguinal type in 20 (60.6%), prepubic type in 6 (18.2%), intra-abdominal type in 4 (12.1%)and superficial inguinal type in 2 (6.1%) (12 cases in right and 5 cases in left). 4. Associated anomalies and complications were found in 11 cases (44%)and the most common anomalies were hernia, which was found in 4 cases (15.2%).
Atrophy ; Cryptorchidism* ; Hernia ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Orchiopexy ; Scrotum ; Semen Analysis ; Seoul ; Testis ; Urology

The increase of serum IgE in atopic dermatitis is well known. And atopic patients are frequently complicated by viral infection, such as molluscum contagiosum. So, we studied the serum IgE level in patients of atopic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis with molluscum eontagiosum to evaluate the relationship between molluscum contagiosum and IgE level in patients with atopic dermatitis. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Serum IgE level in patients of atopic dermatitis was 168.8+117.0 IU/ml, which was higher than that of control group (87.6+/-40.0 IU/ml) (p<0.05). 2. Serum IgE level in patients of atopic dermatitis with molluscum contagiosum was 137.8+/-91.9 IU/ml, which was lower than that of atopic dermatitis without molluscum contagiosum (178.3+/-123.7 IU/ml) (p>0.05).
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Molluscum Contagiosum*

Perilla frutescens was empirically used for controlling airway inflammatory diseases in folk medicine. We investigated whether caffeic acid, myristicin and rosemarinic acid derived from Perilla frutescens significantly affect the gene expression and production of mucin from airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with caffeic acid, myristicin or rosemarinic acid for 30 min and then stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production were measured by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Additionally, we examined whether caffeic acid, myristicin or rosemarinic acid affects MUC5AC mucin production indued by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the other two stimulators of production of airway mucin. The results were as follows: (1) Caffeic acid, myristicin and rosemarinic acid inhibited the gene expression and production of MUC5AC mucin induced by PMA from NCI-H292 cells, respectively; (2) Among the three compounds derived from Perilla frutescens, only rosemarinic acid inhibited the production of MUC5AC mucin induced by EGF or TNF-α, the other two stimulators of production of airway mucin. These results suggest that rosemarinic acid derived from Perilla frutescens can regulate the production and gene expression of mucin, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells and, at least in part, explains the traditional use of Perilla frutescens as remedies for diverse inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Epithelial Cells ; Gene Expression* ; Lung Diseases ; Medicine, Traditional ; Mucins* ; Necrosis ; Perilla frutescens ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription

BACKGROUND: Postoperative patients frequently associate postoperative backache with epidural anesthesia administered for the operation. Epidural steroids are often used for the treatment of low back pain. We performed this study to compare the effect of epidural triamcinolone on the incidence and severity of postepidural backache after cesarean section. METHODS: Eighty patients scheduled for cesarean section under epidural anesthesia using 2% lidocaine received 40 mg of triamcinolone (n=40) or 1ml of normal saline (n=40) epidurally via indwelling catheter after delivery. Backache were checked preoperatively and 24, 48, 72hr postoperatively using VAS score. A patient was considered to have postepidural backache when the postoperative VAS score was higher than the preoperative score. RESULTS: The incidence and severity of postepidural backache were much less in triamcinolone group than in control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Epidural triamcinolone has a preventive effect on postepidural backache in cesarean section patients.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Back Pain* ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Low Back Pain ; Pregnancy ; Steroids ; Triamcinolone*

It has been reported that dyspeptic symptoms in a minority of the patients who undergo cholecystectomy are persistent. Cholecystectomy may have a direct effect on the development of dyspeptic symptoms, predisposing the patient to increased duodenogastric reflux. Excessive reflux of noxious duodenal content into the stomach has been associated with chronic gastritis, gastric ulceration, and esophagitis. We examined 9 patients with gallstone disease who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy to determine the changes in the gastroesophageal reflux and the esophageal function. All the patients underwent looth standard esophageal manometry to study esophageal function and 24-hr esophageal pH monitoring to ascertain the gastroesophageal reflux the prior to at the time of, and 3 months after the laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The mean lower esophageal sphincter(LES) length, the abdominal esophageal sphincter length, and the resting pressure of LES were increased from 3.1 cm, 2.3 cm 19.9 mmHg to 3.2 cm, 2.6 cm, 22.9 mmHg, with no statistical significance. The mean sphincter function index increased from 1484 to 1888 after the operation with no statistical significance. The mean ampulitude of contraction in the upper, the middle, and the lower portions of the esophageal body, but again increased from 44.4 mmHg, 59.8 mmHg, and 87.5 mmHg to 56.7 mmHg, 84.44 mmHg, and 117.8 mmHg, respectively, after the operation. The mean DeMeester acid reflux score decreased from 13.5 to 7.0 after the operation(p=0.343). In this study, the laparoscopic cholecystectomy did not affect the lower esophageal sphincter function. However there was an increase in the amplitude and the duration of contractions in the esophageal body. Therefore, the heartburn that persists after a cholecystectomy may be an esophageal origin. We suggest that all patients with biliary symptoms, but without documented acute cholecystitis should undergo full upper gastrointestinal investigations with esophagogastroduodenoscopy and pH monitoring (especially dual channel gastric and esophageal pH moniotring) to differentiate the esophageal pathology from other origins.
Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Duodenogastric Reflux ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower ; Esophagitis ; Gallstones* ; Gastritis ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Heartburn ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Manometry ; Pathology ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer

Pulmonary involvement is more common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than in any other connective tissue disease, and more than half of patients with SLE suffer from respiratory dysfunction during the course of their illness. Although sepsis and renal disease are the most common causes of death in SLE, lung disease is the predominant manifestation and is an indicator of overall prognosis. Respiratory disease may be due to direct involvement of the lung or as a secondary consequence of the effect of the disease on other organ systems.
Cause of Death ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Prognosis ; Sepsis

PURPOSE: To demonstrate various artifacts on CT angiography (CTA) and by analysing their frequency and causeto improve diagnostic accuracy and CTA image. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CTA was performed with spiral CT in 21 patients with suspected cerebrovascular diseases. Original spiral CT images were obtained with 120ml nonionic contrast material, 3.0 ml/sec injection rate, 20-23 sec. Scan delay, 1mm collimation, 2mm/sec table feeds and 1mm reconstruction interval. MIP and SSD images of CTA were reconstructed with editing by using a standard processing algorithm of volume rendering technique and 3D techniques including Grow, ROI and Paint techniques. Artifacts onCTA were analyzed, and compared with original spiral CT images, conventional angiography and operative results. RESULTS: Artifacts on CTA were classified as follows : arising from CTA reconstruction, spiral CT scanning, physical properties of CT and patient. During CTA reconstruction, background inhomogeneity developed through slabediting(n=21), blurring along the longitudinal axis(n=21), contour artifact(n=21), tapering-off(n=18) and saccularfusion(n=1) developing because of improper threshold and window level, break-off or blurring through missing some source images(n=13) and incorrect scaling due to computer error(n=2). During spiral CT scanning, stair-step artifacts(n=21) developed through the effect of by rotation and aliasing, and inhomogeneity(n=21) through profile decrease. Artifacts related to physical property included those related by the partial volume effect(n=1) and thebeam hardening effect(n=1). Patient-related artifacts included metal artifacts(n=2), caused by a surgical clip, and motion artifacts(n=4). CONCLUSION: An analysis of the variety, frequency and cause of artifacts on CTA, canlead to better imaging and provide basic information for more exact diagnosis.
Angiography* ; Artifacts* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Paint ; Silver Sulfadiazine ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the CT and ultrasonographic characteristics of Kikuchi disease showing cervical lymphadenopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the radiological findings of seven patients with histologically proven kikuchi disease. Two males and five females aged between 14 and 27 years(mean, 24.8)were included. Contrast enhanced CT scan was performed in six patients, and US in two. RESULTS: Clinical symptoms presented included palpable cervical lymphadenopathy(n=7), fever(n=5) and tenderness(n=6). In five patients, CTshowed upper and middle internal jugular chains and spinal accessory chains, right lower internal jugular chainand right supraclavicular node in one. Five of seven patients had bilateral involvement. On contrast-enhancedCT(n=6), homogeneous lymph node enhancement was seen in three patients with isodense enhancement in two, and hyperdense enhancement in one patients. Another three patients had inhomogeneously enhanced lymph nodes with central low density. Extranodal extension was seen in five. On US(n=3), the nodes were homogeneously isoechoic and smoothly marginated in two patients, and another patient had inhomogeneous lymph nodes with central hypoechogenicity and a thick rim. CONCLUSION: Clinical and radiological finding in our Kikuchi disease patients were nonspecific, and the diagnosis should be established only after lymph node biopsy. We suggest that Kikuchi disease be should included in the differential diagnosis of conglomerated cervical lymphadenopathy, especially inyoung women.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphatic System ; Male ; Neck* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To describe the CT findings of automastoidectomy caused by cholesteatoma, and to evaluate the natural course of cholesteatoma by comparing it with the postmastoidectomy defect of the temporal bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings of 15 cases of automastoidectomy in 13 patients with cholesteatoma and of 14 cases of postmastoidectomy in 13 patients. RESULTS: In automastoidectomy, the posterior walls of bony defects of the temporal bone were thinner (mean thickness in automastoidec/postmastoidec tomy :2mm/3.5 mm) and smoother(n=10) than those of bony defects in postmastoidectomy(n=6). Defects of the posterosuperior wall of the bony external auditory canal were present in all cases of automastoidectomy(100%) andmost of postmastoidectomy(79%). there were gross defects of the lateral bony cortex of the mastoid(71%), Henle'sspine(100%), and the postero superior extension of the exit of bony defect(100%) in cases of postmastoidectomy(n=10), but there were rare findings in cases of automastoidectomy(20%, 21%, 23%, respectively).There were soft tissue densities within the bony defect and sinus tympani in all cases of automastoidectomy(100%)and in some cases of postmastoidectomy(64% and 36% respectively). CONCLUSION: When comparing automastoidectomyand postmastoidectomy, CT findings concerning bony defects were different with regard to the remaining posteriorwall, the extent of bony defect, and the presence of findings which suggested an active disease process. These differences are helpful in differentiating automastoidectomy and postmastoidectomy and in understanding thenatural course of cholesteatoma.
Cholesteatoma ; Ear Canal ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Bone*