No abstract available.

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a signal processing algorithm to separate independent sources from unknown mixed signals and can be applied to separate artifacts and independent neural sources from EEG recordings. This study was designed to extract individual components of eyeball movements from scalp EEG. Digital EEG signals were recorded using the international 10-20 system during eye closure, eye opening, and blinking. 18 EEG tracings using bipolar montage were analyzed by ICA algorithm into 18 independent components. Each of the components was reviewed, selected, and reconstructed into an original montage. Among 18 components, two components which were thought to represent eyeball movements were obtained. Each of the components was inversely projected into the original bipolar montage. This inverse projection showed separated vertical and horizontal eyeball movements components. These results suggest that the ICA analysis of EEG can separate vertical and horizontal eyeball movements and may be applied to separate other EEG artifacts and source signals from unknown mixed sources recordings of EEG.
Artifacts ; Blinking ; Electroencephalography ; Scalp

No abstract available.
Debridement* ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Osteotomy*

A 54-year-old man had complained of proptosis on his right eye. Computed tomography showedlarge mass on superotemporal portion of right orbit. Surgical removal was done through the lateral orbitotomy. The histopathological diagnosis demonstrated pleomophic adenoma. Seven Years later, the patient revisited complaing of proptosis on his right eye. Magnetic resonance image demonstrated ill defined mass on the same iste. We excised mass including psuedocapsule and surrounding tissue.
Adenoma ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic* ; Diagnosis ; Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Orbit

Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare, progressive, autosomal recessive hereditary disorder characterized by pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, speech disturbances, mental deterioration and retinal degeneration during childhood or adolescence. In late-onset form after the age of 20, parkinsonian features may be the predominant clinical manifestation. Meanwhile, involuntary tongue movements are rare and poorly understood, which have been reported in tardive dyskinesia, neuroacanthocytosis, chronic epilepsy, and after head trauma. We report a case of a patient with 'fly catcher's tongue' as a major clinical presentation, accompanied with mild parkinsonism, and typical MR findings of HSD.
Adolescent ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diptera* ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Movement Disorders ; Neuroacanthocytosis ; Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration* ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Retinal Degeneration ; Tongue*

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the global landscape of technology beyond natural language processing. Owing to their extensive pre-training on vast datasets, contemporary LLMs can handle tasks ranging from general functionalities to domain-specific areas, such as radiology, without additional fine-tuning. General-purpose chatbots based on LLMs can optimize the efficiency of radiologists in terms of their professional work and research endeavors. Importantly, these LLMs are on a trajectory of rapid evolution, wherein challenges such as “hallucination,” high training cost, and efficiency issues are addressed, along with the inclusion of multimodal inputs. In this review, we aim to offer conceptual knowledge and actionable guidance to radiologists interested in utilizing LLMs through a succinct overview of the topic and a summary of radiology-specific aspects, from the beginning to potential future directions.

Podophyllin is known as a neurotoxin, We recently observed a 34-year-old woman with podophyllin induced peripheral neuropathy. She was treated with topical podophyllin for perianal multiple condyloma acuminata. One day after application, she complained of G-I symptoms ( abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), followed by tingling sensation on all extremities. We confirmed peripheral neuropathy with electrophysiologic study and sural nerve biopsy. She has improved on follow-up.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Extremities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nausea ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Podophyllin* ; Sensation ; Sural Nerve ; Vomiting

A case of survivor who showed alpha coma after an attempted suicide by hanging was reported. A 44 years old women was admitted to the hospital because of respiratory arrest following a hanging attempt on July 3, 1996. She was found pendant completely. On admission she was comatose and the pupils were not reactive to light. The systolic pressure was 100 mmHg, and diastolic pressure was 80mmHg and she had no self respiration and immediately an endotracheal intubation was instituted. After three hours from the onset, the weak spontaneous respiration was restored and the pupils reacted briskly to light. On the 1st day the brain computed tomography (CT) revealed no abnormal findings. An electroencephalogram (EEG) showed widespread alpha activity without occipital dominance a moderate amount of regular, 8 approximately 10 Hz, 10 approximately 30 microvolt potentials. This alpha rhythm had persisted until 24 hours from the onset. At 36 hours later she was still comatose, presenting flaccid quadriplegia with no responses to stimulations. On the 2nd hospital day she was drowsy and on the 3rd day she had become conscious. She showed gradual progress towards complete nerologic recovery. This is the first presentation of a survivor from alpha coma caused by anoxic encephalopathy following a hanging attempt in Korea.
Adult ; Alpha Rhythm ; Anoxia ; Blood Pressure ; Brain ; Coma* ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia, Brain ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Korea ; Pupil ; Quadriplegia ; Respiration ; Suicide ; Suicide, Attempted* ; Survivors*

Purpose: Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene fusion is a potentially actionable oncogenic driver. The oncoprotein binds to ERBB3-ERBB2 heterodimers and activates downstream signaling, supporting a therapeutic approach for inhibiting ERBB3/ERBB2. However, the frequency and clinicopathological features of solid tumors harboring NRG1 fusions in Korean patients remain largely unknown. Materials and Methods: We reviewed archival data from next-generation sequencing panel tests conducted at a single institution, specifically selecting patients with in-frame fusions that preserved the functional domain. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients harboring NRG1 fusions were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Out of 8,148 patients, NRG1 fusions were identified in 22 patients (0.27%). The average age of the patients was 59 years (range, 32 to 78 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.2. The lung was the most frequently observed primary site (n=13), followed by the pancreaticobiliary tract (n=3), gastrointestinal tract (n=2, stomach and rectum each), ovary (n=2), breast (n=1), and soft tissue (n=1). Histologically, all tumors demonstrated adenocarcinoma histology, with the exception of one case of sarcoma. CD74 (n=8) and SLC3A2 (n=4) were the most frequently identified fusion partners. Dominant features included the presence of fewer than three co-occurring genetic alterations, a low tumor mutation burden, and low programmed death-ligand 1 expression. Various clinical responses were observed in patients with NRG1 fusions. Conclusion Despite the rarity of NRG1 fusions in Korean patients with solid tumors, identification through next-generation sequencing enables the possibility of new targeted therapies.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of echo-planar FLAIR imaging in various cerebral lesions as compared with fast FLAIR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained consecutive fast FLAIR and echo-planar FLAIR images in 33patients in whom MR imaging had revealed ischemic infarction (n=11), acute infarction (n=5), brain tumor (n=3), other conditions (n=3) or no abnormality (n=11). On both sets of images, percentage contrast and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were calculated for white matter-gray matter and white matter-lesion. RESILTS: White matter-gray matter percentage contrast and CNR were lower on echo-planar FLAIR imaging than on fast FLAIR imaging (percentage contrast, 19 +/- 2 % vs 28 +/- 3 %, CNR, 2.77 +/- 0. 5 vs 4.86 +/- 0.7). White matter-lesion percentage contrast on echo-planar FLAIR imaging was similar to or greater than that on fast FLAIR imaging; 75 +/- 12 % vs 45 +/- 11 % in ischemic infarction, 80 +/- 12 % vs 78 +/- 11% in acute infarction, and 121 +/- 25 % vs 102 +/- 15 % for tumors. White matter-lesion CNR was similar on both sets of images: 8.3 +/- 0.9 vs 7.9 +/- 0.8 in ischemic infarction, 11 +/- 1.5 vs 9.5 +/- 1.2 in acute infarction, and 24 +/- 4 vs 27 +/- 3 for tumors. Due to high susceptibility to magnetization, echo-planar FLAIR imaging showed image degradation at the interface of the paranasal sinus and adjacent to the temporal bone. CONCLUSION: Echo-planar FLAIR imaging may be a useful pulse sequence in the diagnosis of various cerebral lesions.
Brain Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Noise ; Temporal Bone