Enemas are sometimes used in hospital and domicilliary practice and occasionally by patients themselves without a valid indication. The present repart is one in which enernas were done for 3 months by a patient himself to treat his hemorrhoid and resulted in severe inflamimatory change with large-siaed illdefined shallow ulceration in rectum and sigmoid colon. This patient, a 53 year old male, entered the hospital with the complaint of diarrhea with passage of bloody muct.. Colonoscopic examination revealed severe inflammatory change, friable mucosa and several relatively large-sized ill-defined shallow ulceration in rectum and sigmoid colon. A biopsy was performed and microscapic examination revealed intense infiltrates and plasma cells and crypt abscess with decreased goblet cells in the lamiina propria. The submucosa showed edema with infiltrates of chronic inflammatory cells and neutrophils. Conservative treatment with discontinue of enemas and fluid supply was performed. And his symptoms were improved. After second week, follow-up colonoscopy revealed inflammatory changes were improved.
Abscess ; Biopsy ; Colitis* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colonoscopy ; Diarrhea ; Edema ; Enema* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Goblet Cells ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Neutrophils ; Plasma Cells ; Rectum ; Ulcer

Tuberculosis of the esophagus is rare. We experienced four patients with esophageal tuberculosis proven by esophagoscopic biopsy or surgical specimens. Case 1 was a patient with primary esophageal tabereulosis, case 2 was a patient with teberculous esophagobronchial fistula and case 3,4 were patients with esoyhageal perforation due to tuberculous traetion diverticulum of the esophagus. The clinical, radiological and esapbagoscopic findings may be nonspecific in diagnosis of esophageal tuberculosis. Therefore early diagnosis should be rested on a high index of suapieion and a cautious attention.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulum ; Early Diagnosis ; Esophagus* ; Fistula ; Humans ; Tuberculosis

Bilateral nephroblastoma is a relatively uncommon disease. We experienced a case of bilateral nephroblastoma in 2 year old male child. Herein a case of bilateral nephroblastoma is presented with brief review of literature.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Wilms Tumor

Today, the duodenal tuberculosis is a very rare disease. Final diagnosis of duodenal tuberculosis is difficult due to inconsistent symptoms and nonspecific duodenal lesions. We found 2 cases of duodenal tuberculosis by gastrascopy. In gastroscopic findings, there were undetermined ulcers and irregular nodular mucosal changes.
Diagnosis ; Rare Diseases ; Tuberculosis* ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Surgery and postoperative radiation therapy have been the main stream management of tonsil cancer. There is a variety of surgical approach methods are used for the resection of tonsil cancer, however, there have only been a few reports of the results of surgical treatment of tonsil cancer. So, on the basis of our experience, we report the results of our surgical treatments of tonsil cancer. SUBJECT AND METHOD: 32 medical records, from 1994 April to 2003 June, of patients surgically treated for tonsil cancer were reviewed. Evaluated were disease status, surgical approach methods, types of the neck dissection, surgical margin, reconstruction methods, postoperative complications, time of oral diet and decannulation, recurrence, and survival rate. RESULTS: Mean follow up periods were 2.3 years. There was 1 patient in Stage I, 5 in Stage II, 2 in Stage III, and 24 in Stage IV. For Tumor excision, 5 patients underwent intraoral approach, 10 mandibulotomy approach, and 17 lateral pharyngotomy approach. Surgical defects were primary closed in 5 patients and reconstructed with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in 7 patients and radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap in 20 patients. There were 2 local recurrences, 5 regional recurrences, and one distant metastasis. The mean time of the beginning of oral diet/decannulation after operation were 19.8/11.3 days in lateral pharyngotomy and 25.3/12.9 days in mandibulotomy. The mean survival period was 41.4 months. CONCLUSION: Because most of tonsil cancers are advanced diseases, more precise tumor resection and meticulous neck management are needed. Lateral pharyngotomy approach had priority to other surgical approaches in selected cases except T4. It has advantages of full range of vision for resection, better functional status and less postoperative morbidity.
Diet ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Palatine Tonsil* ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Rivers ; Survival Rate ; Tonsillar Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mast cells are the main effector cells in the immediate phase of the allergic responses. To evaluate the role of mast cells on the development of allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of allergic rhinitis(AR), we compared the responses of mast cell deficient (W/Wv) mice with congenial normal (W/W+) mice. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Mice were sensitized intranasally with an extract of Aspergillus fumigatue (Af) for 3 weeks, and challenged intranasally with a single dose (acute model) or single dose every day for 5 consecutive days (chronic model). Interleukin (IL)-5 in nasal lavage fluids (NLF), histologic examination and Af-specific immunoglobulins (Ig) were examined in W/Wv mice and W/W+mice. RESULTS: In the sensitized W/Wv mice, the number of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa and IL-5 in NLF after repeated allergen challenge were not significantly different from those of W/W+ mice. In contrast, the number of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa and IL-5 in NLF after single allergen challenge were partially attenuated in W/Wv mice. The levels of Af-specific IgE and IgG1 in both acute and chronic models were not different between W/Wv mice and W/W+ mice. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that eosinophilic inflammation caused by repeated allergen challenge are independent of mast cells in this AR model.
Animals ; Aspergillus* ; Eosinophils ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-5 ; Interleukins ; Mast Cells* ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Nasal Lavage Fluid ; Nasal Mucosa ; Rhinitis*

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in both Korea and worldwide. Since 2004, the Korean Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer have been regularly updated, with the 4th edition published in 2022. The 4th edition was the result of a collaborative work by an interdisciplinary team, including experts in gastric surgery, gastroenterology, endoscopy, medical oncology, abdominal radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology, and guideline development methodology. The current guideline is the 5th version, an updated version of the 4th edition. In this guideline, 6 key questions (KQs) were updated or proposed after a collaborative review by the working group, and 7 statements were developed, or revised, or discussed based on a systematic review using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed database. Over the past 2 years, there have been significant changes in systemic treatment, leading to major updates and revisions focused on this area.Additionally, minor modifications have been made in other sections, incorporating recent research findings. The level of evidence and grading of recommendations were categorized according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Key factors for recommendation included the level of evidence, benefit, harm, and clinical applicability. The working group reviewed and discussed the recommendations to reach a consensus. The structure of this guideline remains similar to the 2022 version.Earlier sections cover general considerations, such as screening, diagnosis, and staging of endoscopy, pathology, radiology, and nuclear medicine. In the latter sections, statements are provided for each KQ based on clinical evidence, with flowcharts supporting these statements through meta-analysis and references. This multidisciplinary, evidence-based gastric cancer guideline aims to support clinicians in providing optimal care for gastric cancer patients.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in both Korea and worldwide. Since 2004, the Korean Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer have been regularly updated, with the 4th edition published in 2022. The 4th edition was the result of a collaborative work by an interdisciplinary team, including experts in gastric surgery, gastroenterology, endoscopy, medical oncology, abdominal radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology, and guideline development methodology. The current guideline is the 5th version, an updated version of the 4th edition. In this guideline, 6 key questions (KQs) were updated or proposed after a collaborative review by the working group, and 7 statements were developed, or revised, or discussed based on a systematic review using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed database. Over the past 2 years, there have been significant changes in systemic treatment, leading to major updates and revisions focused on this area.Additionally, minor modifications have been made in other sections, incorporating recent research findings. The level of evidence and grading of recommendations were categorized according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Key factors for recommendation included the level of evidence, benefit, harm, and clinical applicability. The working group reviewed and discussed the recommendations to reach a consensus. The structure of this guideline remains similar to the 2022 version.Earlier sections cover general considerations, such as screening, diagnosis, and staging of endoscopy, pathology, radiology, and nuclear medicine. In the latter sections, statements are provided for each KQ based on clinical evidence, with flowcharts supporting these statements through meta-analysis and references. This multidisciplinary, evidence-based gastric cancer guideline aims to support clinicians in providing optimal care for gastric cancer patients.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in both Korea and worldwide. Since 2004, the Korean Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer have been regularly updated, with the 4th edition published in 2022. The 4th edition was the result of a collaborative work by an interdisciplinary team, including experts in gastric surgery, gastroenterology, endoscopy, medical oncology, abdominal radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology, and guideline development methodology. The current guideline is the 5th version, an updated version of the 4th edition. In this guideline, 6 key questions (KQs) were updated or proposed after a collaborative review by the working group, and 7 statements were developed, or revised, or discussed based on a systematic review using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed database. Over the past 2 years, there have been significant changes in systemic treatment, leading to major updates and revisions focused on this area.Additionally, minor modifications have been made in other sections, incorporating recent research findings. The level of evidence and grading of recommendations were categorized according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Key factors for recommendation included the level of evidence, benefit, harm, and clinical applicability. The working group reviewed and discussed the recommendations to reach a consensus. The structure of this guideline remains similar to the 2022 version.Earlier sections cover general considerations, such as screening, diagnosis, and staging of endoscopy, pathology, radiology, and nuclear medicine. In the latter sections, statements are provided for each KQ based on clinical evidence, with flowcharts supporting these statements through meta-analysis and references. This multidisciplinary, evidence-based gastric cancer guideline aims to support clinicians in providing optimal care for gastric cancer patients.