PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the proper reference line for taking axial computed tomograms from which the good cross-sectional views can be reformatted by multiplanar reconstruction. METHODS: Three dry mandibles with implanted gutta percha cones in the extracted socket were scanned axially according to 6 reference lines of 2 mandibular positions with computed tomogram Hitachi W550. The accuracy of measurements of the lengths of implanted gutta percha cones in the each cross-sectional view reformatted from axial computed tomogram by multiplanar reconstruction was evaluated. RESULTS: The difference between the measurements and the real length of implant was smallest in the bucco-lingual views reformatted from the axial views scanned according to the reference line of group V-a. The smaller the angle difference between reference line and occlusal line was, the smaller the difference between the measurements in the bucco-lingual views reformatted from axial views and the real length of implant. The majority of measured widths of implants in the bucco-lingually reformatted views were larger than the actual values. CONCLUSIONS: When the mandible is inclined within the limitation of gantry angle and scanned with the reference line coincident with occlusal plane, the bucco-lingual view can be reformatted without deformation of images from the axially scanned images.
Dental Occlusion ; Gutta-Percha ; Mandible*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the proper reference line for taking axial computed tomograms from which the good cross-sectional views can be reformatted by multiplanar reconstruction. METHODS: Three dry mandibles with implanted gutta percha cones in the extracted socket were scanned axially according to 6 reference lines of 2 mandibular positions with computed tomogram Hitachi W550. The accuracy of measurements of the lengths of implanted gutta percha cones in the each cross-sectional view reformatted from axial computed tomogram by multiplanar reconstruction was evaluated. RESULTS: The difference between the measurements and the real length of implant was smallest in the bucco-lingual views reformatted from the axial views scanned according to the reference line of group V-a. The smaller the angle difference between reference line and occlusal line was, the smaller the difference between the measurements in the bucco-lingual views reformatted from axial views and the real length of implant. The majority of measured widths of implants in the bucco-lingually reformatted views were larger than the actual values. CONCLUSIONS: When the mandible is inclined within the limitation of gantry angle and scanned with the reference line coincident with occlusal plane, the bucco-lingual view can be reformatted without deformation of images from the axially scanned images.
Dental Occlusion ; Gutta-Percha ; Mandible*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of the vertical tube shift from a panoramic film and a periapical film to localize unerupted maxillary incisors and supernumeraries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The total of 103 displaced maxillary incisors or embedded supernumeraries were examined in this study. The vertical tube shift technique with panoramic and periapical radiography by normal projection taken and compared to localize the position of the embedded maxillary incisors or supernumeraries by a radiologist and 5 general dentists. The gold standard used for the radiographic comparisons was the true position of the embedded tooth as confirmed by horizontal tube shift technique using three periapical radiographs. The general dentist examiners were instructed on the use of the modified acronym "SLDOBU" by the radiologist as it pertains to panoramic radiographs as the principle of vertical tube shift. RESULTS: All of the embedded maxillary incisors and supernumeraries were successfully located using the vertical tube shift from a panoramic and a maxillary anterior periapical radiograph by the radiologist and 5 general dentists. CONCLUSION: The use of a panoramic film with a periapical film combination for a vertical tube shift can be useful to localize unerupted maxillary incisors and supernumeraries.
Dentists ; Humans ; Incisor* ; Maxilla ; Radiography ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Tooth ; Tooth, Impacted

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare and autosomal dominent disorder characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of the clavicles, an open fontanelle, dental abnormalities, and short stature. A 17-year-old female who presented with short stature and subsequent delay in eruption of permanent teeth is described. she showed the abnormal hypermobility of the shoulder, ocular hypertelorism and concave nasal bridge. Radiographs revealed the underdeveloped maxilla, defect of the cranium in the fontanelle region, and aplasia of the clavicles. Characteristically, panoramic view revealed near parallel-sided borders of the ascending ramus and downward curvature of the zygomatic arch with hypoplasia. The prolonged retention of deciduous teeth with delayed eruption of permanent teeth and multiple embedded supernumerary teeth were striking. Radiographic and clinical investigations revealed Cleidocranial dysplasia.
Adolescent ; Clavicle ; Cleidocranial Dysplasia* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Maxilla ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Shoulder ; Skull ; Strikes, Employee ; Tooth ; Tooth, Deciduous ; Tooth, Supernumerary ; Zygoma

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Renal Dialysis

Spontaneous bladder perforation is a very rare event. Prompt diagnosis of this injury is very important, particularly with intraperitoneal perforation, because mortality increases if surgical repair is delayed. Previous studies have reported that plain cystography is the primary modality of imaging study rather than relatively insensitive computed tomography (CT) when bladder perforation is suspected. We report here a rare case of spontaneous intraperitoneal perforation of the bladder associated with urothelial carcinoma with divergent histologic differentiation, as diagnosed with CT cystography.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Steroid myopathy is one of the most common drug-induced myopathy. We report a case of iatrogenic steroid myopathy in a 61-year-old female who had taken herb medication more than 2 months. She presented a slowly progressive proximal muscle weakness and wasting with typical features of cushing syndrome. Needle EMG showed typical myopathic patterns. The muscle biopsy revealed a pronounced muscle fiber atrophy and fatty degenerative change without inflammation. In addition, there was a selective type 2 fiber depletion on ATPase staining in pH 9.4 buffer. Her muscle powers and bulks were slowly improved after discontinuation of herb medication with phenytoin and physical therapy.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Cushing Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscular Diseases* ; Needles ; Phenytoin

PURPOSE: To evaluate the stability of the segmental occlusal plane and anatomical line as the reference line for measuring the mesiodistal tooth angulation in panoramic radiography and to determine the mean angle and the range of the mesiodistal tooth angulation in Korean population with normal occlusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty nine subjects (15 men, 14 women) with normal occlusion were selected. A total of 29 panoramic radiograms were taken at normal head position and then 10 images of 5 subjects selected were repeatedly taken with repositioning 2 times at each of the head down (V-shaped occlusion) and up (horizontal occlusion) for evaluation of stability of adopted reference lines by using PM2002CC (Planmeca, Finland). The images were traced with adoption of two test reference lines and the long axes of the teeth. The mesial angles formed by each reference line and the long axes of the teeth were measured and analyzed. RESULTS: With anatomical reference line, the mesiodistal tooth angulations of the molars showed the significant difference by over 5 degree between the normal and each changed head position. With segmented occlusal reference line, deviations of mesiodistal tooth angulations by the two changed head positions were less than 1 degree. The means, standard deviations, and maximum and minimum values of mesiodistal tooth angulations to segmental occlusal reference line on panoramic radiography were determined. CONCLUSION: It would appear that mesiodistal tooth angulations to segmental occlusal plane as reference line in panograms are predictable as standards of normal occlusion and useful for evaluation of tooth arrangement between adjacent teeth.
Dental Occlusion* ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; Radiography ; Radiography, Panoramic* ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the distribution and risk from hand positions applied at the center of the chest (CoC) versus the inter-nipple line (INL) during external chest compression by novice rescuers. METHODS: This simulation study included 105 participants. The participants were given photographs of the unexposed male chest and asked to mark a cross at the center of the chest and at the midpoint of the inter-nipple line. The range of contact with the chest was estimated by measuring the participants' palm width. The median and distribution of the two points were then compared and analyzed to determine whether the range in contact with the chest involved the xiphoid process. RESULTS: The level of the INL was approximately 0.8 cm higher at the sternum than the CoC (p<0.001), while the standard deviation of the CoC [1.8(0.6-3.8)] was higher than that of the INL [1.2(0.4-2.4)] (p<0.001). There were more cases in which the palm range involved the xiphoid process in the CoC group [15(14.3%)] than the INL group [1(0.9%)] (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: For male adult patients, chest compression at the level of the INL by novice rescuers is safer and more intensive than compression at the level of the CoC.
Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Hand ; Heart Massage ; Humans ; Male ; Nipples ; Sternum ; Thorax* ; Xiphoid Bone

PURPOSE: The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) represents the degree of nonenzymatic glycation and has been positively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) and cardiovascular disease in adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between HGI, components of metabolic syndrome (MS), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a pediatric nondiabetic population. METHODS: Data from 3,885 subjects aged 10–18 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2016) were included. HGI was defined as subtraction of predicted glycated hemoglobin (HbA1(c)) from measured HbA1(c). Participants were divided into 3 groups according to HGI tertile. Components of MS (abdominal obesity, fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure), and proportion of MS, CMRF clustering (≥2 of MS components), and elevated ALT were compared among the groups. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) z-score, obesity, total cholesterol, ALT, abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, and CMRF clustering showed increasing HGI trends from lower-to-higher tertiles. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the upper HGI tertile was associated with elevated triglycerides (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–2.30). Multiple linear regression analysis showed HGI level was significantly associated with BMI z-score, HbA1(c), triglycerides, and ALT. When stratified by sex, age group, and BMI category, overweight/obese subjects showed linear HGI trends for presence of CMRF clustering and ALT elevation. CONCLUSIONS: HGI was associated with CMRFs in a Korean pediatric population. High HGI might be an independent risk factor for CMRF clustering and ALT elevation in overweight/obese youth. Further studies are required to establish the clinical relevance of HGI for cardiometabolic health in youth.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Lipoproteins ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Risk Factors* ; Triglycerides