No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans

55 consecutive anatrophic nephrolithotomies on 53 patients performed between July, 1983 and June, 1990 were reviewed. The patients (36 male and 19 female) ranged in age from 3 to 72 years. The operation time averaged 219.8 minutes with a range of 120-330 minutes, and the ischemic time ranged between 20 and 90 minutes, with a mean of 43.5 minutes. Postoperative complications developed in 18 patients, which were such as persistent urinary tract infection in 5cases (9.4%), atelectasis in 4 (7.5%), transient urine leak in 2 (3.8%), delayed bleeding in 2 (3.8%) and urinary retention in 2 (3.8%). Postoperative residual stones were identified in 15 (27.3%), but in 8 of these 15patients stones were delivered spontaneously and thus 48 of 55 cases (87.3%) became stone free. The recurrence of stone was noted in 2 out of 48 patients during the short follow up period. Anatrophic nephrolithotomy seems to be an effective method compared to other procedure because of decreasing recurrence of stone by complete stone removal and reconstruction of abnormal collecting system.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Recurrence ; Urinary Retention ; Urinary Tract Infections

Vasectomy has become a popular method for male sterilization in Korea and this, in turn, has been followed by an increase in the number of patients requesting vasectomy reversal. Recently, many authors have reported a high success rate of vasovasostomy using microsurgical techniques. However, a significant discrepancy persist between the patency and pregnancy rate despite improvements in surgical techniques. A total of 200 patients undergoing vasovasostomy from May 1983 to April 1990 were reviewed. Of these 200 patients, only 130 patients (98 patients by two-layer, 32 patients by modified two-layer technique) could be followed up and analyzed as to pregnancy rate related to age, vasal obstructive interval, gross appearance and sperm quality of the vas fluid, operative method, and presence or absence of sperm granuloma. Success rates were 90.3% for patency and 65.4% for pregnancy. With regard to factors influencing to operation, it seemed that the results were better when there was a shorter vasal obstructive interval, watery vas fluid, presence of normal morphologic sperm quality, presence of sperm granuloma, and when the operation was done using the two-layer technique. However, no statistically significant difference was found, except between the bilateral presence and absence of sperm granuloma at the vasectomy site. Thus it is suggested that the most important single factor influencing the success rate of vasovasostomy is a meticulous and skillful operative technique itself, althought other factors may affect the outcome. More effort and research are needed to find the factors affecting the success rate of vasovasostomy.
Granuloma ; Humans ; Infertility* ; Korea ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy* ; Spermatozoa ; Sterilization, Reproductive ; Vasectomy ; Vasovasostomy*

Male urethral diverticulum is uncommon lesion, furthermore calculus formation within the male urethral diverticulum is very rare. Generally, urethral diverticula are classified as congenital and acquired. The majority of male urethral diverticula are acquired and approximately 10 to 20 per cent are congenital. Acquired urethral diverticula in the male may arise from many sources, including infection (prostatic abscess, infection of periurethral glands, hematoma or schistosomiasis), obstruction (stricture, impacted stone, Cunningham clamp or condom catheter) and trauma (instrumentation, external injury and pelvic fracture). Calculi formation is more common in the acquired diverticulum owing to stagnation of urine and infection. These calculi in the diverticulum usually are solitary and may attain considerable size with predisposing factors, 1) a ureteral or bladder calculus that is lodged in the urethra 2) urethral trauma or stricture, 3) calcification around a foreign body or hair. The treatment of urethral diverticulum combined with stone is excision of the diverticula with removal of stone. We treated two cases of urethral diverticulum combined with stone in the male, and report with review of literature.
Abscess ; Calculi ; Causality ; Condoms ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diverticulum* ; Foreign Bodies ; Hair ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male* ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder Calculi

No abstract available.
Hypertrophy*

Multilocular renal cyst having an entity of uncertain nature, is an uncommon benign lesion. As a treatment modality of renal multilocular cyst, simple or radical nephrectomy has been performed because of the difficulty in its accurate diagnosis and the documented association with malignancy. Herein, we report a case of renal multilocular cyst which was successfully treated by extirpation of the cystic mass only with preservation of the remaining normal renal parenchyma.
Diagnosis ; Nephrectomy

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, which is an important step in tumor invasion and metastasis. A positive correlation between the expression of MMP-9 and aggressive behavior of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) has been reported. MMP-9 expression in RCCs and adjacent normal kidney tissues were examined in this study. MATERILAS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients pathologically diagnosed as clear cell RCCs, from specimens obtained at radical nephrectomy, between May 2003 and December 2004 were enrolled in this study. MMP-9 activity was estimated using gelatin zymography, and quantified using a laser densitometer. The results were compared with clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS: The expression of MMP-9 was significantly elevated in the RCC compared with non-tumor kidney specimens (p<0.01). The levels of MMP-9 expression in the RCC patients with large tumors (>4 cm) or vascular invasion were significantly higher than in those without these clinical manifestations (p<0.01). There were also significant differences in the expression of MMP-9 among T stages (p<0.01). The tissue MMP-9 level was the highest in nuclear grade 4, but there was no statistical significance between the histological grades (p=0.17). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that enhanced MMP-9 expression contributes to carcinogenesis and tumor progression in the later stages of RCC.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Kidney ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy

The subcapsular orchiectomy is far more acceptable than a total orchiectomy to patients with prostatic carcinoma. To data, however, it has not been widely used clinically, because its effectiveness in reducing serum androgen levels has remained controversial. We designed this study, to determine if a subcapsular orchiectomy might be as effective as the total orchiectomy in lowering serum testosterone levels, with a controlled rat model. The results support that the subcapsular orchiectomy is as hormonally complete as a total orchiectomy in lowering serum testosterone, and provide us with a basic guideline to be applied to clinical management for prostatic carcinoma.
Animals ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Orchiectomy* ; Rats* ; Testosterone*

Nocturnal penile tumescence has been proposed as a source of objective data in the evaluation of erectile capacity and clinically important in differentiating between psychogenic and organic impotence. However, the absence of sleep information and difficult differentiation of movement artifact leads to false positive or false negative reaction when portable home monitor is used. This can be overcome by polysomnographic monitoring. In addition, sleep disorders affecting nocturnal penile tumescence also could be screened. Herein, we conducted a study to investigate the significance of polysomnographic nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring in 45 men with erectile dysfunction. The nocturnal penile tumescence data from polysomnographic method were compared with those from portable method, based on the results from standard method. The results obtained were summarized 1. Polysomnographic method showed higher sensitivity(82%), lower false positive(20%) and false negative rate(16%) than portable method (71%, 30%, 28%, respectively) in the differential diagnosis of impotence. 2. Among 10 patients, with measuring of air flow monitoring and anterior tibialis EMG one patient had periodic leg movement. 3. Statistically, parameters of total REM time, total tumescence time/total sleep time, number of maximum tumescence episodes, amount of maximum tumescence episodes, T-up and T-max phase in maximum tumescence episodes, circumferential changes in maximum tumescence episodes, and rigidity in maximum tumescence episodes were found to be significantly decreased in organic impotence group. These results reflect that polysomnographic NPTM provides more validity than portable NPTM on the outcome of the differential diagnosis of impotence, and it would contribute to screening of occult sleep disorders and to study for their characteristics in association with impotence.
Artifacts ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; False Negative Reactions ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Penile Erection* ; Sleep Wake Disorders