Background: Positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP) ventilation causes reduction in cardiac output and increase of intra-thoracic pressure, hence reduction of hepatic blood flow. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of hepatic venous oxygen saturation, tension and content during increase and removal of PEEP and to evaluate hemodynamic variable which has the greatest effect on hepatic oxygenation. Method: Eight dogs were anethetised with 1.0 vol% isoflurane and 100% oxygen. After 30 minutes of stabilization of vital signs, PEEP were increased from 0 cmH2O to 5 cmH2O and 10 cmH2O and lowered to 0 cmH2O again, and hemodynamic data (heart rate, arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure(CVP), pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and cardiac output(CO)) and hepatic venous oxygenation data (hepatic venous oxygen saturation(ShvO2), tension(PhvO2) and content(ChvO2)) were measured at each step. Results: CO, ShvO2, PhvO2 and ChvO2 decreased significantly at 10 cmH2O PEEP compared to the baseline and 5 cmH2O PEEP and CO, ShvO2 and ChvO2 increased signicantly with removal of PEEP. CVP increased significantly at 10 cmH2O PEEP and decreased significantly with PEEP removal. PEEP showed close correlationship with CO and CVP considering all steps of PEEP and PEEP removal. ShvO2 and PhvO2 showed most close correlationship with CO considering all steps of PEEP and PEEP removal. Conclusion: ShvO2 with PEEP therapy is dependent upon CO. Therefore cardiac output maintenance is essential during PEEP therapy. For exact evaluation of hepatic oxygenation, it is valuable to monitor ShvO2.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Dogs* ; Hemodynamics ; Isoflurane ; Oxygen* ; Positive-Pressure Respiration* ; Ventilation ; Vital Signs

No abstract available.
Ciprofloxacin* ; Enoxacin* ; Humans* ; Metabolism* ; Theophylline*

Herniated intervertebral disc(HIVD) of the lumbar spine has been known to be relatively uncommon in the teenager and frequently be associated with trauma. However, with the changing life style and increasing sports activities, and most of all, with the advent of new imaging modalities, the incidence seems to be increasing gradually. In order to define the characteristic pattern of HIVD of teenager in the era of MRI, and to clarify the associated lesions, such as apophyseal ring fractures, authors performed this retrospective study in 55 teenager patients with HIVD(77 discs), in which MRI was used as main diagnostic modality. The following results were obtained 1) The incidence of the HIVD in teenager was 9.6%(55 patients) of total HIVD patients(575 patients) for 4 years from December 1989 to December 1993. 2) According to MRI findings, HIVD of the teenager could be classified into 3 distinct patterns; simple HIVD, lumbar apophyseal ring fracture(LARF), and vertebral rim lesion. 3) In simple HIVD, as for the MRI classification, protruded type was most frequent type and there was no sequestered type 4) In LARF, the incidence was 14.4% of teenager's HIVD and posterocephalad margin of L5 was the most common site of involvement. 5) Exophytic bony protrusion from the posterior margin of vertebral body, which we called vertebral rim lesion, could be defined on MR sagittal view in 6 cases.
Adolescent ; Classification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intervertebral Disc ; Life Style ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Sports

This paper presents the result and statistical analysis of the experiment, in which selective anterior or posterior rhizotomy were carried out under microscopic surgery. The materials used for the experiment were 48 young rabbits, and they were divided into four groups. The group I, which was used as control, was subjected to lower dorsal bilateral laminectomies with dural incision, the group II to laminectomies with three right posterior rhizotomies, the group III to laminectomies with three right anterior rhizotomies, and the group IV to laminectomies with three right anterior and posterior rhizotomies. Scoliosis was induced in group Il, Ill and IV. There was no significant statistical difference in the degrees of curvatures among these three groups. The convexity of the curvature faced to the side of the divided roots. In group III and IV, scoliotic curvatures were obvious within two weeks, but there were no considerable changes thereafter. In group Il, the curves progressed slowly up to the 12th week. They were statistically significant at the 4th week and increased continuously thereafter. The histological findings in the group III and IV showed denervation atrophy of the paravertebral muscles at the apex of the curvature, but there was little or no muscle atrophy in the group I and II. We came to a conclusion from the experimental results that scoliosis may be induced not only by anterior root paralysis but also by selective posterior root paralysis.
Atrophy ; Denervation ; Laminectomy ; Muscles ; Muscular Atrophy ; Paralysis ; Rabbits ; Rhizotomy ; Scoliosis

No abstract available.
Osteoblasts*

Primary carcinoma of the uterine tube is one of the least common gynecologic malignancies with a reported incidence of approximately 0.3%. As a result of it, the experience of any one physian is limited. Almost all cases are adenocarcinoma and the cilinical presentation is generally nonspecific, of which the most common symptom is postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Primary fallopian tube carcinima is infrequently diagnosed before explolatory laparotomy and the majority of patients have extensive disease at diagnosis. We have experienced a case of fallopian tube cancer and report with brief review of literature
Adenocarcinoma ; Diagnosis ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Uterine Hemorrhage

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses* ; Scoliosis*

Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that primarily affect, the spine, the axial skeleton, and the large proximal joints of the body with striking tendancy toward fibrosis with secondary ossification and ankylosis of involved joints. This study was carried out to analyse clinical manifestation, evaluate disease activity indicator and set up diagnostic work-up. 38 cases of ankylosing spondylitis were studied at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University from Oct. 1987 to Mar. 1989. Following results were obtained. l. Average age was 28.5 years and all patients were male. 2. Low back pain was the most frequent symptom(63%) and back stiffness was next(13%). 3. S-I joint change on x-ray was the most frequently found abnormalities(100%) and HLA B27 (+) was next(97%). 4. SI/S ratio was inversely correlated with duration of symptom and seems to be significant durng the early phase of disease. 5. As a disease activity indicator, CRP was more reliable than ESR during follow up.
Ankylosis ; Clinical Study ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Seoul ; Skeleton ; Spine ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; Strikes, Employee

No abstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

This experiment was performed to define the paricipation of a discrete hypothalamic neural structure in the genesis of pulmonary edema and the effect of alpha adrenergic blockade. Fifty adult cats weighing 2.5 to 4.0 Kg, were used in this study. The components of the pathophysiological systemic changes, lung weight, and histopathological changes of lung and hypothalamus were studied in groups of animals when intracranial pressure(ICP) was raised to 200 mmH2O of 300 mmH2O for 2 hours by intraventricular infusion with normal saline. The animals were divided into 5 groups : The normal control group was comprised in 10 normal cats. Control and phentolamine treated animal groups which had an elevated ICP of up 200 mmH2O consisted of 10 cats each. Control and phentolamine treated animal groups which had an elevated ICP of up to 300 mmH2O consisted of 10 cats each. The results obtained were as follows : 1) In the animal groups of elevated ICP to 200 mmH2O or 300 mmH2O, there were hemodynamic systemic changes which were neurogenically mediated and caused an immediate elevation in blood pressure of 30 mmHg to 60 mmHg. The hemodynamic data of the animals that had an elevated ICP of up to 300 mmH2O were significantly more deviated from normal control values than the 200 mmH2O ICP groups. The hemodynamic responses of the phentolamine treated animal with elevated ICP of up to 200 and 300 mmH2O were less deviated from normal control values. 2) The lung weights of the animals with an elevated ICP of up to 200 and 300 mmH2O were significantly heavier than the normal control value(p<0.05) and the lung weights of the animals with an elevated ICP of 300 mmH2O were significantly heavier than those with an ICP of 200 mmH2O(p<0.01). The lung weights of the phentolamine treated animal groups were significantly lighter than the control group but showed little increase in the lung weight when compared to the normal value. 3) By controlling the elevated ICP above 200 mmH2O in the experimental animals we have confirmed gross and microscopic appearances of hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. Histopathological changes of the phentolamine treated animals were significantly less sever than in the control groups. 4) By elevating ICP above 200 mmH2O in the experimental animals, we have confirmed discrete bilateral hemorrhagic spots of the anterior hypothalamus, preoptic region induced by increased intracranial pressure. Histopathological changes of the phentolamine treated animals with the elevated ICP were significantly less severe than of the control groups. 5) This experimental model may define the specific particification of the hypothalamus in the pathophysiological pathogenesis of neurogenic pulmonary edema. These results suggest that the lungs are directly affected by the intense sympathetic discharge evoked by release phenomenon from the sympathoinhibitory influence of the hypothalamus, and pulmonary edema was effectively eliminated by alpha adrenergic blockade.
Adult ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Cats* ; Edema* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Hypothalamus, Anterior ; Infusions, Intraventricular ; Intracranial Pressure ; Lung* ; Models, Theoretical ; Phentolamine* ; Pulmonary Edema ; Reference Values ; Weights and Measures