No abstract available.
Brain* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Enlow's counterpart analysis explains the complex with anatomic and developmental characteristics where craniofacial aspect of individuals has been developed. The analysis does not compare individual measurement with the normal value from the average of majority but analyzes by comparison of values that each individual has. This study was to clarify the Korean craniofacial skeletal pattern using Enlow's counterpart analysis considering the fact that the craniofacial skeletal pattern has racial and regional variations. This research will be helpful in the future for growth research and research of the orthognathic For this study, the samples were consisted of 100 Korean adult subjects(50 males and 50 females) who had normal occlusion and pleasing face. Measurement points and lines were established using Enlow's counterpart analysis and they were statistically evaluated. The results indicated that: 1. The average angle between PCF and PMV was 38.54 degrees in males and 38.43 degrees in females, and the average Wits' appraisal was -2.51 in males and -2.3 in females. The ramus alignment(R4) was 1.89 in males and 2.36 in females. 2. It shows that females have a longer ramus than the PCF compared to the males, because there was a significant difference in Ramus/PCF horizontal dimensions (Skeletal A3-B3) between female and male subjects 3. It shows that males have a longer mandibular corpus than the maxilla compared to the females, because there was a significant difference in Maxillary/Mandibular arches(Skeletal A4-B4) between male and female subjects 4. In cranial floor+maxilla/ramus+corpus at A and B points(A1-B1), which represents difference in total horizontal length between the maxilla and mandible, there was no significant difference between males and females. In conclusions, compared to Caucasian, Korean have more depressed midface, prognathic mandible, and ramus that rotates inferioposterior. Also, we observe that Korean women have larger ramus posterior cranial base, as compared with Korean men. Consequently, the total length of maxilla and mandible does not show any difference, because man's mandible is longer than maxilla in comparison with woman's one.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Reference Values ; Skull Base

The magnesium-induced neuromuscular blocking effect alone and the change of vecuronium- induced neuromuscular blocking effect by magnesium pretreatment were evaluated in twelve cats weighing 2.0-4.0 kg, assigned randomly into two groups; 6 cats with bilateral renal pedicle double ligation (group II), and the others with the sham operation (group I). Pharmacodynamic studies were done using a sciatic nerve-anterior tibialis muscle preparation. Plasma magnesium concentrations after magnesium administration in both groups were significantly higher than those prior to magnesium administration. However, there was no significant difference in increased magnesium concentrations between the two groups. The median effective dose of magnesium obtained by cumulative dose-response study, were 33.4+/-11.9 mg/kg, 24.9+/-12.0 mg/kg in both groups, respectively. The ED(50) of vecuronium after magnesium pretreatment in group I and II were 11.25+/-3.39 ug/kg and 11.26+/-2.54 ug/kg respectively. The duration of magnesium-induced neuromuscular block in group II (12.10+/-4.53 min) was not different from that of group I (8.37+/-4.25 min). The recovery index of magnesium-induced neuromuscular block in group II (3.98+/-1.51 min) was significantly prolonged when compared to that of group I (2.08+/-1.32 min). The duration of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block with magnesium pretreatment in group II (22.39+/-11.41 min) was not significantly prolonged from that of group I (21.18+/-9.81 min). Also, the recovery index of vecuronium in group II (6.78+/-1.79 min) was not significantly different from that of group I (7.19+/-4.62 min). These results suggested that magnesium by itself had neuromuscular blocking effect, which was considered as one thousand potency of vecuronium As compared with normal renal function, there was no significant increase of plasma concentration of magnesium by acute renal failure after magnesium administration. Also, vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block with magnesium pretreatment was potentiated as much as three times in the both. groups equally. However, vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blocking effect was not changed by acute renal failure, as compared with normal renal function.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Animals ; Cats* ; Ligation ; Magnesium* ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Plasma ; Vecuronium Bromide*

Carcinoid tumors arise from enterochromaffin cells that are located predominatly in the gastrointestinal mucosa. The vast majority of rectal carcinoid tumors are benign and can be safely treated by local excision. Lesions larger than 2 cm and invading the museular wall of the rectum should be considered malignancy and treated by more radical surgery such as abominoperined resection. We report 6 cases of rectal carcinoid tumor, three cases of them were less than 1 cm in size without metastasis. Two of these, small carcinoid tumor were treated with endoacopic polypectomy and one was treated with segmental resection. The others were 2.0 cm or larger in size with regional or liver mestasis. They were treated with segmental resection or electrical fugalization for tumor and transcatheter arterial embilization for liver metastasis or none.
Carcinoid Tumor* ; Enterochromaffin Cells ; Liver ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectum

PURPOSE: To observe sequential changes of acute and subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis in high resolution CT and to correlate the findings with pulmonary function test and bronchoalveolar lavage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study includes 11 patients with pathologically (n=10) and clinically(n=1) proved acute and subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The extent of ground glass attenuation and nodules on high resolution CT scan was correlated with pulmonary function test and bronchoalveolar lavage. We also evaluated serial changes of the lesion in high resolution CT scans. RESULTS: The extent of parenchymal abnormalities on high-resolution CT scans were significantly correlated with diffusing capacity (GGA & DLco:r=0.95, p<0.003, Nodule & DLco:r=-0.94, P<.005) and FEV1 (GGA & FEV1: r=-0.57, p<.05, Nodule & FEV1: r=-0.56, P<.05) on pulmonary function test and relatively correlated with total count of cells (GGA & total count of cells: r=0.86, P<.03, Nodule & total count of cells: r=0.71, p<0. 11) on bronchoalveolar lavage. The order in disappearance of abnormal findings were poorly defined centrilobular nodule, ground glass attenuation, and well defined small centrilobular nodule on sequential CT scans. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that HRCT is useful for diagnosis and follow up evaluation of the acute and subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Quantitative analysis of extent of disease on HRCT is useful for evaluation of clinical status.
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glass ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Respiratory Function Tests* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Empyema* ; Humans* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis can be associated with ingestion of a specific food. We experienced a case of exercise-induced anaphylaxis followed by ingestion of parsely. A 22- year old female patient was presented with angioedema of the face and chest tightness induced by running after ingestion of parsley within 15 minutes. She had suffered from allergic rhinitis. She had positive reactions to mugwort pollen and parsely extract on skin prick test in a dose dependent manner. Although the oral provocation test with parsely could not induce bronchoconstriction, we could diagnosed as parsely dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis based upon skin prick test and history.
Anaphylaxis ; Angioedema ; Artemisia ; Bronchoconstriction ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Petroselinum ; Pollen ; Rhinitis ; Running ; Skin ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: In chronic airway disease, mucus secretion in increased, but extraction of mucin, which is the main component of mucus secretion, is a very complicated and limited in clinical use. Recently, monoclonal antibody for mucin was developed for possible clinical use. In this study, cellular analysis and quantification of respiratory mucin in sputum of patients with chronic airway diseases were performed. METHOD: Sputum was collected from patients with asthma(n=33), bronchiectasis(n=8) or chronic bronchitis(n=13) by spontaneous expectoration or by hypertonic saline induction, Collected sputums was treated by 0.1% dithiotreitol to dissociate the disulfide bond of the mucus and filtered through a nylon gauze. Total cell count, viability and differential count were measured. For detection of mucin, collected samples were treated with sodium dodoecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then with monoclonal antibody(HMO2), as the primary antibody, and PAS stain. The amount of mucin was measured with ELISA by HMO2. Correlation with clinical information, cellular analysis, and amount of measured mucin were analyzed. RESULTS: Total cell counts of sputum were significantly increased in patients with bronchiectasis but viability remained the same. Eosinophils were significantly increased in patients with asthma, neutrophils in bronchiectasis chronic bronchitis, respectively (p<0.05). The results of Western blotting and PAS staining confirmed the presence of glycoproteins and matched? with mucin. The amounts of mucin measured by ELISA were not significantly different among the disease groups. Significant correlation was identified between the amount of mucin and viability(r=-0.482, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Inflammatory cells in the sputum of those with chronic airway disease were different for each disease type. Measurement of mucin by ELISA via monoclonal antibodies may be a simple method for the evaluation of chronic airway disease.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Asthma ; Blotting, Western ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Cell Count ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Mucins* ; Mucus ; Neutrophils ; Nylons ; Sodium ; Sputum*

Human papillomavirus(HPV) has implicated in the development of cervical cancer. Several studies has suggested a strong correlation between HPV 16, 18 and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN). For detecting and typing HPV DNA in cervical tissues, recently the chemiluminescent molecular hybridization assay method has been widely used. This study was performed to determine the usefulness of hybrid capture assay for detecting high-risk HPV in cervical epithelial cells, and to compare the correlation among cervical cytology, biopsy finding and HPV infection, and to determine whether the addition of the hybrid capture assay to cytologic test would improve the ability to identify significant lesions. This study included 267 patients who visited the colposcopic clinic of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Chonbuk University Hospital from May, 1997 to October 199S. Pap smears hybrid capture assays, and colposcopically directed biopsy were performed concurrently on al1 women. The results obtained were as follow; l. Using hybrid capture assay, the detection rate of high-risk HPV of all patients was 37.1%(99/267). There was no statistical significance in the detection rate of HPV between the age groups. 2. The false negative rate of Pap Smear was 53.3% and showed significant discrepancies between the cytologic and histologic diagnosis. 3. According to the cytologic diagnosis, the detection rates of high-risk HPV were 7.1% in normal, 25.3% in ASCUS or LSIL, and 61.6% in HSIL. In each cytologic group, the patients who had positive results for high-risk HPV showed higher incidence rate of high grade lesions than those with negative results(P<0.05). 4. According to the histologic diagnosis, the detection rates of high-risk HPV were 0.1% in normal, 11.1% in CIN I, and 72.7% in CIN II or CIN III. In each histologic group, the patients who had positive results for high-risk HPV showed higher incidence rate of high grade lesions than those with negative results(P<0.05). 5. According to the comparison of histologic diagnosis between positive and negative results of high-risk HPV test due to each cytology, there was no statistical significance in the incidence rate of cervical neoplasia, Above results suggest that high-risk HPV test using hybrid capture assay may be a useful method in supplement the pitfalls of cervical cytology. This test might also have prognostic value in the management of patients with CIN.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Epithelial Cells* ; Female ; Gynecology ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollabuk-do ; Obstetrics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Methotrexate (MTX), folic acid antagonist, is effective against the cancer, but is often accompanied by damage to the small intestine due to its inhibition of cell division. The nature of cell damage induced by MTX on the surface lining and crypt cells of the small intestine was investigated in the rat receiving MTX administration. MTX was injected once in every other day intraperitoneally to rats [0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg per 100 g body weight in small (SD), large (LD), and over dose (OD) groups, respectively] and the animals were sacrificed with various intervals after single, three-, five-times administrations of SD, single, three-, four-times administrations of LD, and single administration of OD. In case of three times injection of LD, intravenous injection was also made. Three portions, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of the small intestine were studied by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, there were no appreciable morphological changes in villi and crypts after single and three times administrations of SD. The cells contained dense nucleus with clear cytoplasm, however, were rarely presented among the crypt cells. The duodenal villi were relatively normal in shape, but the number of crypts were somewhat decreased in five times administrations of SD. On the other hand, the villi of jejunum and ileum were atrophied and the epithelial cells became flattened. Crypts were atrophied and decreased in number. In single administration of LD, the shape of villi were normal in all of three portions. The cellular damages were noted in crypts of all of them, and the severity was most predominant at 6 hours than at 2, 4, or 24 hours after administration. In three times administrations of LD, more serious damages were noted in intravenous injection groups than intraperitoneal injection groups. Villi and crypt of the jejunum and ileum became atrophy, and epithelial cells were vacuolated. In four times administrations of LD, loss of villi and atrophied glands contained cellular debris within their lumen were noted in all three portions. In single administration of OD, there was no remarkable changes in histological structures of duodenum, jejunun, and ileum. With TUNEL staining, positive cells were present mainly in the crypt. The positive cells appeared among the glandular cells and were consistent with dense nucleus contained cells in hematoxylin-eosin stain. In small dose group the number of apoptotic cells in duodenum and ileum was increased in proportion to the times of administration, but that in jejunum was decreased after three times of administrations because of the destruction of crypts. Most prominent apoptotic changes of crypt cells were noted at 6 hours compare with 2, 4, and 24 hours after three times administrations of SD. Positive cells appeared most numerous at 6 hours after single administration of LD and OD. Destructive changes of crypt were found in jejunum and ileum after three times intravenous injection of LD, and were found in all portions after four times administrations of LD. Electron microscopic observation generally confirmed the findings of light microscopy. The apoptotic cells appeared in the crypt and was characterized by chromatin condensation and fragmentation, cytoplasmic condensation. Notable changes were observed in epithelial and crypt cells after five- and four-times administrations of SD and LD, respectively. The epithelial cells became flat and had many fat droplets in the cytoplasm. The crypts were atrophied and the glandular cells were very flat. These changes were more severe in jejunum and ileum than in duodenum. These results indicate that the damage of small intestine by MTX is more severe in jejunum and ileum than in duodenum, and also suggest that the cell death of the crypt is mediated by apoptosis, and that of the epithelial cell is due to fatty degeneration.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Atrophy ; Body Weight ; Cell Death* ; Cell Division ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Duodenum ; Epithelial Cells ; Folic Acid ; Hand ; Ileum ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intestine, Small* ; Jejunum ; Methotrexate* ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rats*