No abstract available.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Pregnancy

Airway management is important during general anesthesia. Difficulty with a direct laryngoscopy can be routinely successfully managed using a laryngeal mask airway. However, a laryngeal mask airway may not be suitable for the patients having a small oral cavity volume or narrow interincisor distance. A 19-year-old man, scheduled for right clavicular fracture had no specific underlying medical problems. However, he had difficultly opening his mouth, and was Mallampati class IV. Also, he had difficultly in extending his neck. Airway management was successfully performed using a laryngeal tube instead of a laryngeal mask airway. The patient was successfully managed, without complications, until the end of the surgery.
Airway Management ; Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Laryngeal Masks ; Laryngoscopy ; Mouth ; Neck ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the expression of nNOS following ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat spinal cord. METHODS: Spraque-Dawley rats (250-300 gm) were classified into two groups according to experimental methods. Control group (n = 5) received sham operation. Ischemia in experimental group (n = 5) was induced by clamping the abdominal aorta just below the left renal artery and the abdominal aorta just above the aortic bifurcation for 20 minutes followed by 20 minutes reperfusion. The spinal cord was obtained 7 days after operation. The expression of nNOS was examined in gray and white matter with confocal microscope and Image Analyzer. RESULTS: There is no difference in nNOS expression of nNOS between gray and white matter in control group. Comparing to control group, experimental group showed higher levels of nNOS expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: nNOS expression increased in the rat spinal cord after ischemia/reperfusion injury. We suggest that overproduction of NO may play a role in progressive nerve cell damage.
Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Constriction ; Ischemia ; Neurons* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I* ; Rats* ; Renal Artery ; Reperfusion ; Spinal Cord*

Human papillomavirus(HPV) has implicated in the development of cervical cancer. Several studies has suggested a strong correlation between HPV 16, 18 and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN). For detecting and typing HPV DNA in cervical tissues, recently the chemiluminescent molecular hybridization assay method has been widely used. This study was performed to determine the usefulness of hybrid capture assay for detecting high-risk HPV in cervical epithelial cells, and to compare the correlation among cervical cytology, biopsy finding and HPV infection, and to determine whether the addition of the hybrid capture assay to cytologic test would improve the ability to identify significant lesions. This study included 267 patients who visited the colposcopic clinic of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Chonbuk University Hospital from May, 1997 to October 199S. Pap smears hybrid capture assays, and colposcopically directed biopsy were performed concurrently on al1 women. The results obtained were as follow; l. Using hybrid capture assay, the detection rate of high-risk HPV of all patients was 37.1%(99/267). There was no statistical significance in the detection rate of HPV between the age groups. 2. The false negative rate of Pap Smear was 53.3% and showed significant discrepancies between the cytologic and histologic diagnosis. 3. According to the cytologic diagnosis, the detection rates of high-risk HPV were 7.1% in normal, 25.3% in ASCUS or LSIL, and 61.6% in HSIL. In each cytologic group, the patients who had positive results for high-risk HPV showed higher incidence rate of high grade lesions than those with negative results(P<0.05). 4. According to the histologic diagnosis, the detection rates of high-risk HPV were 0.1% in normal, 11.1% in CIN I, and 72.7% in CIN II or CIN III. In each histologic group, the patients who had positive results for high-risk HPV showed higher incidence rate of high grade lesions than those with negative results(P<0.05). 5. According to the comparison of histologic diagnosis between positive and negative results of high-risk HPV test due to each cytology, there was no statistical significance in the incidence rate of cervical neoplasia, Above results suggest that high-risk HPV test using hybrid capture assay may be a useful method in supplement the pitfalls of cervical cytology. This test might also have prognostic value in the management of patients with CIN.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Epithelial Cells* ; Female ; Gynecology ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollabuk-do ; Obstetrics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Carcinoid tumors arise from enterochromaffin cells that are located predominatly in the gastrointestinal mucosa. The vast majority of rectal carcinoid tumors are benign and can be safely treated by local excision. Lesions larger than 2 cm and invading the museular wall of the rectum should be considered malignancy and treated by more radical surgery such as abominoperined resection. We report 6 cases of rectal carcinoid tumor, three cases of them were less than 1 cm in size without metastasis. Two of these, small carcinoid tumor were treated with endoacopic polypectomy and one was treated with segmental resection. The others were 2.0 cm or larger in size with regional or liver mestasis. They were treated with segmental resection or electrical fugalization for tumor and transcatheter arterial embilization for liver metastasis or none.
Carcinoid Tumor* ; Enterochromaffin Cells ; Liver ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectum

Tuberculous involvement of the esophagus is very rare even in the presence of extensive pulmonary tuberculosis or in the endemic area. This is resulted from local extension to the esophagus from contiguous tuberculosis organs or miliary spread. Such secondary involvement is more common than primary tuberculosis, in which there is no evidence of tuberculosis elsewhere. The diagnosis of esophageal tuberculosis may be difficult. So the radiologic, endoscopic, histologic findings and clinical feature including the response to chemotherapy may be needed to avoid misdiagnosis. Most cases can be treated successfully with antituberculosis medication. A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of swallowing difficulty for 2 months. On the gastrofibroscopic examination, 22 cm sized protruding mass with central deep ulceration was discovered at the mid-esophagus. The biopsy showed the ulcer with chronic granulomatous inflammation and multinucleated giant cells consistent with tuberculosis. After antituberculosis medication, the lesion of esophageal tuberculosis was healed completely remaining minimal ulcer scar.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Cicatrix ; Deglutition ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Drug Therapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Esophagus ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: To investigate whether changes in plasma concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) could be used to identify the development of radiation-induced pneumonitis in the lung cancer patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventeen patients with lung cancer (11 NSCLC, 6 SCLC) were enrolled in a prospective study designed to evaluate clinical and molecular biologic correlation of radiation-induced pneumonitis. The study began in May 1998 and completed in July 1999. All patients were treated with radiotherapy with curative intent : 1.8 Gy per day, 5 fractions per week. Serial measurements of plasma TGF-beta1, TNF-alpha and IL-6 were obtained in all patients before, weekly during radiotherapy and at each follow-up visits after completion of treatment. These measurements were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All patients were evaluated for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis at each follow-up visit after completion of radiotherapy. High resolution CT (HRCT) scans were obtained when signs and symptoms of pneumonitis were developed after completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS: Thirteen patients eventually developed signs and symptoms of clinical pneumonitis while four patients did not. TGF-beta1 levels were elevated in all 13 patients with pneumonitis, which showed characteristic pattern of elevation (38.45 ng/ml at pretreatment, 13.66 ng/ml during radiotherapy, then 60.63 ng/ml at 2-4 weeks after completion of radiotherapy). The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were also elevated in the group of patients who developed pneumonitis but the pattern was not characteristic. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in plasma TGFbeta-1 levels before, during and after radiotherapy appears to be a useful means by which to identify patients at risk for the development of symptomatic pneumonitis. Other cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-6 shows no meaningful changes in association with radiation pneumonitis.
Cytokines* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Plasma* ; Pneumonia* ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Radiotherapy ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

OBJECT: The effect of low dose estradiol used for respect of hormone replacement therapy on the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer was investigated in vitro and in vivo. METHOD: In vitro, 6 epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines containing different estrogen receptors were used: OVCAR-3, MDAH2774, PA-1, SK-OV-3 SNU-8, and ES-2 for XTT assay. The difference in the proliferation was compared among the group treated with FSH and LH (FL group), the group with FSH, LH and additionally estradiol (FLE group) and control group. Using flow cytometry, the changes in the cell cycle of the ephithelial ovarian cancer cell lines between the FL group and FLE group were analyzed. In vivo, OVCAR-3 was xenografted in female NOD-SCID mice, which had both ovaries removed, to compare the extent of proliferation of the xenograft tumor between the FL group and FLE group. The difference in proliferation was confirmed in the xenograft tumor tissues through the immunohistochemical staining for PCNA and p53. The expressions of the proteins-Rb, p16, cyclin D1, which controls cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase were examined by Western blot to investigate the mechanism behind the arrest at the G0/G1 phase. RESULTS: In vitro, the difference of proliferation in FLE group compared to the FL group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In flow cytometric assay, FL group showed a tendency to distribute the cell cycle to the S phase, compared to the control group, and the addition of estradiol tended to arrest the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, compared with FL group. In vivo, the proliferation of xenograft tumor was suppressed in FLE group, compared with the FL group (P<0.05). The immunohistochemical staining for PCNA, was more frequently and strongly expressed in FL group than in FLE group. But for p53, it was too weakly expressed to compared. In addition, the expression of Rb protein was stronger in FLE group than in FL group. On the other hand, cyclin D1 expression was significantly evident in FL group, while the expression of p16 was too weak to be compared. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that estradiol does not promote the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer but rather decrease the proliferation that was promoted by FSH and LH during menopause; this may be due to the arrest of cell cycle at G0/G1 phase by estradiol.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line* ; Cyclin D1 ; Estradiol ; Female* ; Flow Cytometry ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Hand ; Heterografts ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Menopause ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Ovary ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; S Phase

OBJECTIVES: Our study examined the dose-response relationship between smoking amounts (pack-years) and the risk of developing pancreatic cancer in Korean men. METHODS: Of 125,743 participants who underwent medical health checkups in 2009, 121,408 were included in the final analysis and observed for the development of pancreatic cancer. We evaluated the associations between smoking amounts and incident pancreatic cancer in 4 groups classified by pack-year amounts. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident pancreatic cancer by comparing groups 2 (<20 pack-year smokers), 3 (20-≤40 pack-year smokers), and 4 (>40 pack-year smokers) with group 1 (never smokers). RESULTS: During 527,974.5 person-years of follow-up, 245 incident cases of pancreatic cancer developed between 2009 and 2013. The multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident pancreatic cancer in groups 2, 3, and 4 were 1.05 (0.76 to 1.45), 1.28 (0.91 to 1.80), and 1.57 (1.00 to 2.46), respectively (p for trend=0.025). The HR (95% CI) of former smokers showed a dose-response relationship in the unadjusted model, but did not show a statistically significant association in the multivariate-adjusted model. The HR (95% CI) of current smokers showed a dose-response relationship in both the unadjusted (p for trend=0.020) and multivariate-adjusted models (p for trend=0.050). CONCLUSIONS The risk of developing pancreatic cancer was higher in current smokers status than in former smokers among Korean men, indicating that smoking cessation may have a protective effect.

BACKGROUND: One of the limitation during the irradiation of malignant tumor is hazard to normal tissue although it is important and effective tool for treating malignant tumor. We studied the role of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the radiation-induced lung injury especially on fibrosis. METHODS: We irradiated right-side lungs of thirty Sprague-Dawley rats with single fraction of 20 Gy and then sacrificed the animals until 20th week at intervals of two weeks. Both irradiated and unirradiated lung tissues were stained hematoxilin and eosin, Masson trichrome, reticulin and immunohistochemical staining for IL-1alpha and IL-6. The degree of the staining for IL-1alpha and IL-6 were examined semiquantitatively. RESULTS: Two weeks after irradiation interstitial edema and capillary congestion appeared, followed by increase of the monocytes infiltration and proteinaceous material during 4th and 8th week. After eight weeks of irradiation, collagen and reticulin fibers were detected along alveolar wall. 12th to 20th week, fibrosis in interstitium, decreased number of alveoli and thickening of bronchial wall were observed. The degree of immunohistochemical staining for IL-1alpha and IL-6 was increased rapidly during the first three week and then decreased slowly, but remain incresed until 20th week. CONCLUSION: Our Study demonstrate the early and persistent elevation of cytokines IL-1alpha and IL-6 by immunohistochemical stain in rat lung following pulmonary irradiation. We think cytokines are produced immediately after irradiation, make collagen genes turn on and perisist until the expression of late effects become apparent pathologically and clinically.
Animals ; Capillaries ; Collagen ; Cytokines ; Edema ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Interleukin-1* ; Interleukin-1alpha ; Interleukin-6* ; Lung Injury ; Lung* ; Monocytes ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reticulin