Objective:To investigate the antibacterial effect of different self-etching adhesive systems against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans).Methods:Six reagents ClearfilTM SE Bond primer (SP), ClearfilTM SE Bond adhesive (SA),ClearfilTM Protect Bond primer (PP),which contained antibacterial monomer methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB),ClearfilTM Protect Bond adhesive (PA), positive control chlorhexidine acetate [CHX,1% (mass fraction )],and negative control phosphate buffer solution (PBS)were selected.They were mixed with S.mutans for 30 s respectively,then colony-forming units (CFU)were counted after incubated for 48 h on brain heart infusion (BHI)agar medium. The 6 reagents were applied to the sterile paper discs,and distributed onto the BHI agar medium with S. mutans and incubated for 24 h,then the inhibition zones were observed.CHX,PBS,PP,and SP were added on the dentin with artificial caries induced by S.mutans and kept for 30 s,then confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)was used to observe the live and dead bacteria after staining.The ratio of live to dead bacteria was calculated.PP+PA and SP+SA were applied on the dentin according to the manual and light cured.S.mutans were incubated on the samples for 2 h,ultrasonically treated and in-cubated on BHI agar medium for 48 h,then CFU was counted.The data were analyzed by non-parametric analysis and one-way ANOVA.Results:Compared with PBS,the PP,SP,PA,SA and CHX showed the antibacterial effect on free S.mutans (P<0.05 );SP and PP showed stronger antibacterial effect than PA,SA and CHX (P<0.05).CHX,SP and PP presented inhibition zones,while PBS,SA and PA did not.Compared with PBS,the CHX,SP and PP could lower the ratio of the live to dead bacteria significantly (P<0.05).Cured self-etching adhesive systems did not show any antibacterial effect on the free S.mutans.Conclusion:The primer of self-etching adhesives ClearfilTM SE Bond and ClearfilTM Pro-tect Bond showed significant antibacterial effect on free and attached S.mutans.The adhesive only showed antibacterial effect on free S.mutans before light-cured polymerization.After being cured,the self-etching adhesive systems did not show antibacterial effect anymore.

Objective To explore effects of heroin and ephedrine on the histological structure and ChAT activity of hypothalamus and hippocampus of filial mice. Expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax protein) and keratinocyte growth factor(KGF) of hypothalamus and hippocampus were measured. Methods One hundred and eight filial mice were given intraperitoneal injection of heroin and ephedrine by gradually increase of doses, apoptosis and expression of Bax protein and KGF of hypothalamus and hippocampus were observed by Giemsa staining and immunohistochemistry, and the ChAT activity was detected by colorimetry. Results After administration of heroin and ephedrine at 5,10,15,20 days, the number of apoptotic cells and expression of Bax protein and KGF of hypothalamus and hippocampus were significantly increased and ChAT activity was lower than those of the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were differences between heroin group and the ephedrine group in the above-mentioned four indexes (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The number of apoptotic cells and Bax protein and KGF immunopositive neurons of hypothalamus and hippocampus increased by the increase in dose of heroin and ephedrine. Conclusions Heroin and ephedrine had great effect on the histological structure and ChAT activity of hypothalamus and hippocampus of filial mice, and this effects would be related to the cell apoptosis of hypothalamus and hippocampus.

Objective: To explore the imaging presentation of ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT and clinical characteristics of the patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL). Methods: The clinical and imaging data of 18 patients with newly diagnosed LBL in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from July 2009 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT to diagnose bone marrow involvement (BMI) was calculated respectively. Results: There were 18 LBL patients, including 12 male and 6 female with median age of 24.5 (14-51) years old. Eleven patients were T-LBL, and 7 patients were B-LBL. All lesions were presented with high ¹⁸F-FDG uptake on ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT imaging, with a median SUV_max of 14.3 (10.6, 16.8). The most frequent lymph node involvement site was mediastinal lymph nodes, and 7 T-LBL cases had jugular node involvement. The most frequent extranodal involvement site was bone marrow, with multifocal FDG accumulation in bone marrow on ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT imaging in 8 cases. The median SUV_max of node and extranodal involvement were 15.0 (9.0, 18.2), 12.3 (8.4, 15.3), and there was no significant difference (Z=-0.867, P= 0.386). The median SUV_max of T-LBL and B-LBL patients was 14.1 (9.2, 15.9), 14.5 (12.1, 19.5) respectively, and there was no significant difference (Z=-0.679, P= 0.497). According to clinical features, ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT and bone marrow biopsy (BMB), 12 patients were diagnosed as BMI. If multifocal FDG accumulation and diffuse hypermetabolism of FDG in bone marrow were considered as the diagnosis criteria, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET-CT was 91.7% (11/12), 66.7% (4/6), 83.3% (15/18), respectively. The parameters in BMB were 50.0% (6/12), 100.0% (6/6), 66.7% (12/18), respectively. Conclusions LBL mostly occurs in young men and its clinical manifestations include lymphadenectasis and invasion of bone marrow. ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT has certain characteristics which are helpful to diagnose and staging.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the whole disease process, and provide reference for etiological diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The clinical data of patients with COVID-19 admitted in the Infectious Diseases Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from January 22nd, 2020 to March 8th, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to whether there were gastrointestinal symptoms (poor appetite, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea), all patients were divided into gastrointestinal symptom group and asymptomatic group. The characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms, such as poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were counted and analyzed, and the correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and gender, age, basic diseases, disease severity, laboratory examination and drug treatment were analyzed.Results:A total of 80 COVID-19 patients were involved, 43 cases (53.8%) presented with poor appetite, 17 cases (21.3%) had nausea and vomiting, and 33 cases (41.3%) had diarrhea. Among them, 5 cases, 1 case and 4 cases respectively preformed poor appetite, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea before admission, while the others experienced gastrointestinal symptoms within 48 hours after admission. Duration of poor appetite, nausea/vomiting and diarrhea (days) of all patients were 5.3±2.1, 2.2±1.0 and 1.4±0.9, respectively. The patients with poor appetite were older than those without symptoms (years old: 48.2±17.6 vs. 39.3±15.1), albumin (Alb) level and the lymphocytes ratio were lower than those in asymptomatic group [Alb (g/L): 39.8 (35.7, 45.1) vs. 46.1 (42.6, 49.4), lymphocytes ratio: 0.19 (0.09, 0.28) vs. 0.28 (0.17, 0.35)], while the neutrophil ratio, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were higher than those in asymptomatic group [the neutrophil ratio: 0.74 (0.61, 0.85) vs. 0.64 (0.52, 0.76), CRP (mg/L): 21.4 (3.9, 52.9) vs. 5.6 (2.4, 14.0), D-dimer (mg/L): 0.2 (0.2, 0.5) vs. 0.2 (0.1, 0.3), LDH (μmol·s -1·L -1): 4.49 (3.59, 5.19) vs. 3.12 (2.77, 4.90)]; at the same time, more traditional Chinese medicine was used in the patients with gastrointestinal symptoms [65.1% (28/43) vs. 40.5% (15/37), all P < 0.05]. In addition, 14 cases of 18 patients with cardiovascular diseases presented with poor appetite, 7 patients had nausea and vomiting symptoms. All of the 3 patients with chronic kidney disease presented with poor appetite, nausea and vomiting, and 2 of them had diarrhea. Conclusions:The gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 are common. Whether it is caused by the virus or related drugs, diet and mental conditions, clinicians should analyze the causes of these symptoms timely, and then provide a better treatment for patients with COVID-19.

Objective:To discuss the molecular association pattern of Shenling Baizhu Powder for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and ulcerative colitis through network pharmacology method based on the theory of "treating different diseases with same method" in TCM.Methods:The TCMSP and ETCM Chinese medicine chemical composition databases were used to obtain the chemical composition and predict the targets of Shenling Baizhu Powder. The OMIM, GeneCards, DrugBank and TTD disease databases were used to obtain the disease targets of T2DM and ulcerative colitis. The intersection targets of chemical composition of Shenling Baizhu Powder, T2DM and ulcerative colitis were obtained by Bioinformatics platform. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to map the "Chinese materia medica-component-target" network and "effective component- intersection target" network. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of the intersection targets were performed with the STRING platform. The intersection target protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database, and core targets were obtained using the CytoNCA plugin of Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. AutodockTools software was applied to validate the molecular docking between the core chemical components and the core targets of Shenling Baizhu Powder.Results:Totally 176 chemical components of Shenling Baizhu Powder, 226 corresponding targets, 11 478 T2DM targets, 4 857 Ulcerative targets of ulcerative colitis, and 162 intersection targets of medicinal chemistry components and diseases were obtained. 1 789 related biological processes, 163 molecular functions, 92 cell constituents, and 192 signaling pathways were obtained by GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. The signaling pathways were mainly about AGE-RAGE, TNF, IL-17,MAPK, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, etc. The core components of Shenling Baizhu Powder were mainly sitosterol, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, beta-carotene, etc. The core targets were EGFR, ALB, IL1B, CASP3, ESR1, VEGFA, PTGS2, TNF, IL6, MYC, AKT 1, JUN, TP53, etc. The core chemical components had tight correlation with the core targets by the molecular docking.Conclusions:By acting on core targets such as TNF, IL1B, IL6, AKT1, VRGFA, PTGS2, MYC, JUN, TP53, and regulating IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, etc., Shenling Baizhu Powder improves tissue inflammation damage, mucosal barrier damage, immune regulation imbalance, intestinal flora dysbiosis, insulin resistance, apoptosis, oxidative stress and other biological processes. Therefore Shenling Baizhu Powder can treat T2DM and ulcerative colitis with the same method.

Objective: To investigate the effects of EI injection on learning and memory ability and brain energy of two-way Meynert basal injection of Ibotenic acid (IBO) dementia model rats. Methods: A rat model of dementia wasestablished by bilateral meynert basal injection of IBO. After 8 weeks of EI injection, Morris water maze was used todetect the learning and memory ability of rats. Congo red staining was used to observe the deposition of Aβ plaque inhippocampal CA1 and cortical areas of rats. The changes of ATP, ADP and AMP in brain tissue of each group weredetermined by HPLC. The content of insulin in rat brain tissue was detected by ELISA kit. The expression of key proteinin PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with the sham operation group, theescape latency of the model group was significantly prolonged, the number of entering the platform, the time andpercentage of crossing the platform quadrant decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05); Aβ plaque deposition was observed inthe hippocampus and cortex; ATP/AMP ratio and insulin content were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05); brain tissue PI3 K and AKT protein were low expression (P＞ 0.05) . After intervention with EI injection, the escape latency of themodel rats was significantly shortened, the number of entering the platform and the time of crossing the platform quadrantincreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05); the hippocampus and cortex red staining was alleviated; the brain tissue ATP/AMPratio and insulin content increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion: EI injection can improve the learning andmemory function of IBO-induced dementia model rats, which is related to the improvement of brain energy.

Lung cancer is one of the most harmful global diseases with high morbidity and mortality rate. As a unique kind of driver gene, the pathogenic fusion gene is a common mechanism of lung cancer. Most fusion genes are produced by chromosome rearrangement and encoding receptor tyrosine kinases, which could be potential lung cancer therapeutic targets. Since ALK was first identified in 2007, methods like FISH, IHC, RT-PCR and NGS have been intensively applied, leading to identification of multiple other lung cancer fusion genes including ROS1, RET, FGFR, NTRK1, NRG1, DNAH5 and LTK. These works broaden the spectrum of lung cancer related gene mutations, and support the customized treatment for clinical patients. For some fusion genes, corresponding kinase inhibitors have been developed with good efficacy, however, the treatment is still being challenged by several problems like drug resistance. Based on recent studies, the research development of lung cancer fusion genes will be discussed.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of glucosides of chaenomeles speciosa (GCS) on ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in mouse model. METHODS: Fifty 8-week C57BL/C mice were randomly divided into five groups with 10 in each group:sham group, model group, GCS 30 mg/kg group, GCS 60 mg/kg group and GCS 90 mg/kg group, and the GCS was administrated by gavage (once a day) for 14 d. HE staining was performed to investigate the cell morphology; the Zea-Longa scores were measured for neurological activity; TUNEL staining was performed to investigate the cell apoptosis; ELISA was used to detected the oxidative stress and inflammation; Western Blot was performed to investigate the key pathway and neurological functional molecules. RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, the brain tissues in model group were seriously damaged, presenting severe cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, associated with increased NF-κB P65 and TNF-α levels as well as decreased myelin associate glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp)levels (all <0.01). Compared with the model group, the brain tissues in GCS groups were ameliorated, and cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation were inhibited, associated with decreased NF-κB P65 and TNF-α levels as well as increased MAG and OMgp levels (all <0.01), which were more markedly in GCS 60 mg/kg group. CONCLUSIONS GCS can inhibit the NF-κB P65 and TNF-α, reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation, decrease the cell apoptosis in mouse ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury model, and 60 mg/kg GCS may be the optimal dose.
Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; Brain Injuries ; drug therapy ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rosaceae ; chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

The method of scoping review was used to systematically search and sort out the clinical research of oral Chinese patent medicines for ischemic stroke，to understand the scope of relevant research and the distribution of evidence. Three medical catalogs were manually searched to obtain the oral Chinese patent medicines used for ischemic stroke，and 7 databases were retrieved to obtain the clinical research including these oral Chinese patent medicines. Then the clinical evidence results were visualized by description combined with chart analysis. A total of 68 oral Chinese patent medicines were retrieved，and 1 392 articles were included，with 367 published in core journals， involving 35 oral Chinese patent medicines. The research types included randomized controlled trials，cohort studies，case series，case reports，secondary studies，adverse drug reaction reports，pharmacoeconomic evaluations，drug interactions，consensus or guidelines，non-randomized intervention studies and cross-sectional studies，of which randomized controlled trials had the largest number （283， 77.1%），followed by secondary studies and case series （25， 6.7% for each）. Among the 283 randomized controlled trials，there were 159 clinical studies in the acute phase of ischemic stroke，65 in the non-acute phase，and 59 in the unclear phase. Ten intervention control types and 20 outcome index types were summarized. Among them， the composite outcome index and surrogate outcome index were used 217 times （76.7%） and 245 times （86.6%）， respectively，followed by the degree of neurological impairment （three scales）. Future clinical research of oral Chinese patent medicines for ischemic stroke should clarify the stage of the disease，and the research design should specify the advantages of oral Chinese patent medicines intervening in ischemic stroke. Furthermore， publicly-recognized positive controls should be employed，and important clinical outcome indexes should be selected.