Artesunate ( Art ) is one of the derivatives of Qinghaosu ( Arte-misinin ), an effective and nontoxic new drug from the traditional Chinese medicine Qinghao ( Artemisia annua L. ).We observed a striking protection of Art against acute liver inju-ries induced by Acetaminophen(AAP)and CC14 in mice. The elevated serum transminase levels and liver lesions were reduced by Art given 100mg/kg or 200mg/kg ip to mice. Art also inhibited AAP-induced decrease of liver glycogen and reduced mortality in AAP-treated mice. In addition, Art markedly decreased the duration of the hypnosis of sodium pen tobarbital in mice, suggesting a stimulatory effect of Art on hepatic-metabolizing enzymes.

This study was undertaken to examine the possible effects of Artesunate(Art) on the hepatic reduced glutathione(GSH) content in normal and hepatotoxin - poisoned mice. It was demonstrated that Art given ip( 100mg?kg-1or 200mg?kg-1 ? 3)to mice had a signifcant protection against hepatic GSH deplection induced by acetaminophen and yellow phosphorus, andthat Art also caused a marked increase of the hepatic GSH content in fasting mice at the dose of 200mg ? kg-1. These results indicate that Art can help the liver detoxication of toxic metabolits in mice.

Objective To establish an experimental model of HCV C-HBV X coexpression protein and explore its effect on tolemerase activity. Methods The HBV X gene was recovered by enzyme digestion, cloned into PBK-CMV and PBK-HCV C, and the recombinant plasmids PBK-X and PBK-X-C were obstained. The plasmids PBK-CMV, PBK-X, PBK-HCV C and PBK-X-C were transfected into HepG2 cells with liposome. After selected with G418, positive colonies were obtained. The reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting were used to detect HBV X and HCV core protein expression and PCR-ELISA for tolemerase activity. Results The recombinant plasmid PBK-X-C could express HBV X and HCV core protein efficiently. The telomerase activity of the cells coexpressed HCV C-HBV X protein was higher than that of cells expessed HBV X, HCV C and vector only. Conclusion HBV X-HCV C coexpression protein can increase the telomerase activity of HepG2 cells, which suggests that HBV and HCV can cooperate with carcinogenesis.

The PBL was adopted by the author in training medic in the department of digestion.The method has shown that it can improve the capability of independent study,spirit of team cooperation,clinical practice ability and improve comprehensive qualities.In the meanwhile,it can improve the tutor's all-around caliber.To guarantee the teaching effect,the tutor should especially comprehend the theory and skills of PBL,to design masterly clinical questions,to ensure the practice time and assistant facilities thoroughly.

Objective To detect plasma amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) ,D-Dimer levels in the pa-tients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) in order to investigate their change characteristics and significance .Methods Among 60 patients with suspected APE ,40 cases diagnosed by CT and meeting the thrombolytic condition were set as the experimental group and other 20 cases of excluded APE by CT as the control group .Plasma NT-ProBNP and D-dimer before treatment in the two groups and after 2-week thrombolytic therapy in the experimental thrombolysis were detected and compared .Results The diagnos-tic sensitivity of NT-ProBNP for early APE was 92 .3% and the specificity was 65% ,while the diagnostic sensitivity of D-dimer for early APE was 100% and the specificity was 70% ;the plasma NT-ProBNP and D-dimer levels before thrombolysis in the experi-mental group were significantly higher than those in the control group with statistical differences (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Plasma NT-ProBNP and D-dimer has important clinical significance for APE and can provide the basis for the early diagnosis and the cura-tive effect observation of the patients with APE .

Objective:To explore the association between rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and two polymorphisms of interleukin-17(IL-17F)rs763780 and rs2397084.Methods: A systematic search of relevant studies was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Chinese Periodical Database,China Biology Medical Literature Database,Pubmed,Embase and Web of Science.Results: A total of 5 case-control studies including 1 174 RA cases and 966 health controls for rs763780 and 985 RA cases and 766 health controls for rs2397084 were included in this Meta-analysis.The results showed that rs763780 was significantly associated with increased susceptibility to RA(C vs.T:OR=1.74,95%CI=1.01-2.98,P=0.04;CC vs.TT:OR=3.17,95%CI=1.21-8.35,P=0.02;CT vs.TT:OR=1.80,95%CI=1.21-2.66,P=0.004;CC+CT vs.TT:OR=1.96,95%CI=1.35-2.83,P<0.001;CC vs.CT+ TT:OR=2.97,95%CI=1.13-2.66,P=0.03).In subgroup analysis based on ethnicity,rs763780 was positively correlated with RA in Europeans.No significant association was found between rs2397084 and RA.Conclusion: The present study revealed that IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism is a risk factor of RA,while the association of rs2397084 with RA remains uncertain.

Objective To assess the value of CT or PET-CT with fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for the diagnosis of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type lymphoma. Methods The CT or FDG PET-CT findings in 14 patients with pathologically proved pulmonary MALT lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed. Results Lung lesions were unilateral in 7 patients and bilateral in 7 patients. Lesions presented as a single mass in 3 patients, as a single consolidation in 3 patients, as a nodule in 1 patient, as multiple nodules in 1 patient, as multiple patchy consolidations in 4 patients, as a mass with multiple nodules and patchy consolidations in 1 patients, as diffuse interstitial change in 1 patients. Air bronchogram was found in 9 patients and CT angiogram sign in 5 patients. On PET-CT, lesions showed heterogeneous FDG uptake in 2 patients, maximum standard uptake value was higher than 2. 5. Conclusion Imaging characteristics of pulmonary MALT lymphoma are single or multiple nodules or consolidations with air bronchogram on CT, and heterogeneous high FDG uptake on PET-CT.

The growing evidence suggests that adenosine system can regulate sleep-wake through the cooperation between inhibition of promoting wake system and excitement of promoting sleep system.Changes in adenosine level and adenosine receptor activity by pharmacological and genetic methods can affect sleep time and structure.However,the studies on whether the changes exist in the adenosine system in the patients with chronic insomnia disorder remain rare.In order to arouse the close attention to the clinical sleep study of adenosine system,in this paper,we present an overview of the current research progress regarding adenosine in general knowledge (adenosine's production,metabolism,peripheral distribution,circadian rhythm),the regulation of sleep and its mechanism,and the differences in regulation of sleep for various adenosine receptors.In the end,we propose some research directions of adenosine system under chronic insomnia after pointing out the existing issues currently.

Objective:To summarize the 10 year clinical experience of treating tibiafibular fractures with rectangle shaped intramedullary nails(RIN). Methods:From January 1987 to December 1996, 4 682 cases (3 278 male and 1 404 female) of tibiafibular fractures from 9 hospitals were treated with RIN . Three kinds of reduction methods including open reduction, semi open reduction and closed reduction were used during operation. Results:Results showed 2 173 cases (62.89%) got excellent result, 947 got good (27.40%), 214 got moderate (6.19%), 121 got poor (3.50%). The total healing rate was 90.29%. Conclusion:RIN has excellent biological characteristics which can provide a flexible interfixation when treating tibiafibular fractures, and the operation is simple, it also can be used for severe open fractures. RIN is one of the good techniques in treating tibiafibular fractures.

The establishment of effective animal models is crucial for disease research.Dietary induction is a common method to establish animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The common animal models of diet-induced NAFLD mainly include high fat and sugar,high fat and cholesterol,and choline-deficient diet-induced models.Because of the various nutrients ingested in different modeling method,pathological characteristics of the liver,such as fatty deformation,inflammation,and fibrosis,are different.Additionally,animal models vary in terms of disease progression,disease severity,and applicable studies.This study analyzed and compared the common animal models of NAFLD induced by various diets in terms of modeling method,modeling time,pathological characteristics,applicable research,and related advantages and disadvantages to provide a reference for NAFLD researchers to select animal models.