Objective To explore the relationship between the depth of anesthesia and the autocorrelation of spontaneous EEG signals,and to find a new indicator which is easily calculated and involves fewer channels of ECG.Methods Eighteen patients with a surgical operation on chest or abdomen under general anesthesia served as the subjects.EEG signals of the patients were recorded.Change of ? rhythm of the EEG signal during general anesthesia was investigated by autocorrelation.Results The changes of autocorrelation indicator in channels Fp1-Cz and Fp2-Cz were obvious and consistent with the process of anesthesia;The changes of autocorrelation kcr in the two observed channels were almost synchronous.Conclusion The autocorrelation indicator kcr may be a new idea and a new tool for monitoring depth of anesthesia with fewer channels and the method will find wide prospect of application in clinic and in related scientific research work.

Objective To investigate the status of central nervous system(CNS)during general anesthesia using a new method of monitor.Methods Eighteen patients during general anesthesia were randomly chosen as the subjects.EEG signals of the patients were recorded as the subject was undergoing a surgical operation.Status of CNS of the patients during general anesthesia was monitored through the changes of Kolmogorov entropy(KE)of the EEG signals.Results Under the same kind of anesthesia measures,though most patients' CNS presented roughly the same status,but important differences were found in individual cases.Some presented depressed CNS status,some presented excited CNS status and others presented epileptic status.Conclusion The same general anesthesia may have different effects on different subjects.KE can reflect the status of the prefrontal cortex during general anesthesia.KE may be a new tool for monitoring the status of CNS during general anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the effects of rhubarb extracts, i.e. rhein and emodin, on the neuronal hyperexcitability and synaptic transmission, and to further reveal the mechanism of the secondary brain damage. Methods The fluid percussion injury (FPI) rat model and extracellular recording method were used. The evoked field potentials by stimulating Schaffer collaterals were collected from the ipsilateral (impact side) and the contralateral hippocampal CA1 areas of rat in vitro. And the field potentials, including the field excitatory postsynaptic potential and the population spike, were analyzed. Results After the impact was performed on the rat parietal cortex, the evoked field potentials in the ipsilateral hippocampus CA1 area were enhanced obviously. Rhubarb extracts reduced the slope of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential and the number of the population spike significantly while rhein and emodin increased the latency of the population spike obviously. Conclusion Rhubarb extracts, i.e. rhein and emodin, can depress the neuronal hyperexcitability, which suggests that rhein and emodin play an important role in protecting the central nervous system from neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury. FPI produces hyperexcitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons, probably by enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission.

A hybrid segmentation algorithm is proposed for automatic segmentation of blood cell images based on adaptive multi-scale thresholding and seeded region growing techniques. Firstly, an adaptive and scale space filter (ASSF) is applied to image histogram and a scale space image is built. According to the properties of the scale space image, proper thresholds can be obtained to separate the nucleus from the original image and the white blood cells are located. Secondly, the local color similarity and global morphological criteria constrain seeded region growing in order to finish the segmentation of the cytoplasm. The detection accuracy of white blood cell is 98% and the segmentation accuracy based on the subjective evaluation is 93%. Test shows that this algorithm is effective for automatic segmentation of white blood cells.
Algorithms ; Automation ; Blood Cells ; Cell Nucleus ; ultrastructure ; Color ; Cytoplasm ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Leukocytes

In this paper, digital watermarking and EEG compression are introduced firstly, and then a number of digital watermarking methods are explored to resolve the problem of integrality and authenticity in EEG compression. At last, the current state of this technique inside and outside country is summarized and future endeavors are discussed.
Computer Security ; Data Compression ; methods ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Humans ; Patents as Topic ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

A model of SD rat focal ischemic cerebral injury is presented for use in noninvasively detecting both the extent and the location of focal ischemic cerebral injury. EEG signals of ischemic region and normal region are recorded from the moment before ischemia to 30 minutes after ischemia. Then the Power Spectral Entropy(PSE) analysis of EEG is performed. Results show that the PSE of EEG signals changes greatly as a result of focal ischemic cerebral injury. The PSE of EEG signal of ischemic region is less than that before ischemia as the ischemia lasts 15 minutes. The PSE of EEG signals of ischemic region is much less than that of normal region. These indicate that the power spectral entropy of EEG signal is a good index of focal ischemic cerebral injury and the method of power spectral entropy analysis is simple and effective.
Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; diagnosis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

This paper is aimed to study a method and feasibility of early diagnostic system using hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in the newborns. Fifteen non-invasive indicators with high sensitivity and specificity were selected for the early diagnosis of HIE on the basis of related researches from the literature and the researches in our laboratory. The diagnostic test was done with 140 cases with the HIE, using the fussy BP neural network experiment system. The initial results showed that the accuracy rate was 100% for the training set and 95% for the testing set, and the error rate was 5%. The data suggested that the fuzzy back-propagation neural networks, with the clinical comprehensive indicators, exhibited a high accuracy for the early diagnosis of HIE. This method provides an objective and convenient new way for the early clinical diagnosis of the HIE.
Algorithms ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fuzzy Logic ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; diagnosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The aim of this experiment is to find a feasible impersonal index for analyzing the physiological mental fatigue level. Three characteristic parameters, relative power in different rhythm, barycenter frequency and power spectral entropy, are extracted from two channels' electroencephalogram (EEG) under two physiological mental fatigue states. Then relationships between such three parameters and physiological mental fatigue are analyzed to explore whether they can be of use for detecting (or monitoring) the mental fatigue level. The experiment results show that the relative power, barycenter frequency and power spectral entropy of EEG exhibit strong correlation with physiological mental fatigue level. While physiological mental fatigue level increases, the relative power in theta, alpha and beta rhythms, barycenter frequency and power spectral entropy of EEG decrease, but the relative power in delta rhythm of EEG increases. The relative power in four rhythms, barycenter frequency and power spectral entropy of EEG reflect the change of physiological mental fatigue level sensitively, and may hopefully be used as indexes for detecting physiological mental fatigue level.
Adult ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Fatigue ; physiopathology ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Young Adult

This paper is to provide a basis for the establishment of an early diagnostic system for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) by performing segmentation and feature extraction of lesions on the MR images of neonatal babies with HIE. The segmentation on MR images of HIE based on the genetic algorithm (GA) combined with a pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN) were carried out. There were better segmentation results by using PCNN segmentation based on GA than PCNN segmentation with fixed parameters. The data suggested that a PCNN based on GA could provide effective assistance for diagnosis and research.
Algorithms ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Neural Networks (Computer)

Objective:To study the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of transient hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) in newborns.Methods:From January 2016 to December 2020, newborns with transient HH (HH group) admitted to our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective nested case-control study. Newborns with similar gestational age (GA) (differences of GA<2 w) without HH were matched with 1∶2 ratio as the non-HH group. Clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared and the risk factors and therapeutic results of HH in newborns were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software.Results:A total of 39 cases were included in the HH group and 75 cases were matched in the non-HH group. The proportion of small for gestational age (SGA) [51.3%(20/39) vs. 32.0%(24/75)], the amount of amino acids (AA) in intravenous infusion[1.0(0.0,1.0) g/(kg·d) vs. 0.0(0.0,1.0) g/(kg·d)], the incidence of hypoglycemia [(4.3±1.9) times vs. (3.6±1.3) times] and the maximum glucose infusion rate (GIR)[(8.3±2.5) mg/(kg·min) vs. (7.4±1.1) mg/(kg·min)] in the HH group were higher than the non-HH group (all P<0.05). The platelet count in the HH group were lower than the non-HH group [(186.9±60.9)×10 9/L vs. (215.3±61.7)×10 9/L, P<0.05]. SGA ( OR=2.535, 95% CI 1.077~5.971), the amount of intravenous AA ( OR=2.180, 95% CI 1.029~4.619) and the maximum GIR ( OR=1.405, 95% CI 1.088~1.815) were independent risk factors for transient HH. In the HH group, 28/39 cases were treated with Diazoxide or Octreotide and the therapeutic effects were good with few adverse drug reactions (ADR). 37/39 cases were recovered within 28 d of birth and the other 2 cases were recovered at 2.5 m and 3.5 m, respectively. Conclusions:SGA, the amount of intravenous AA and higher GIR are risk factors for transient HH in newborns. Diazoxide or Octreotide are effective with few ADR in the treatment of transient HH. Most patients will recover from transient HH in 2 w to 3 m.