OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of autologous blood injection and 0.9% NaCl at Zusanli (ST 36) on ovarian function in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency.

METHODSSixty patients with primary ovarian insufficiency were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. The patients in the observation group were treated with injection of autologous blood at Zusanli (ST 36); the patients in the control group were treated with 0.9% NaCl with identical volume at Zusanli (ST 36). Both the treatments were given once a week for 3 months. The ovarian function, including follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E) were tested before treatment, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after first acupoint injection; the endometrial thickness before and after treatment and clinical efficacy were compared in the two groups.

RESULTSCompared before treatment, FSH was lowered in the observation group after 1-month treatment (<0.05), while FSH and LH were lowered and Ewas increased after 2-month treatment and 3-month treatment (all<0.05). Compared with 1-month treatment, FSH and LH were lowered and Ewas increased in the observation group after 2-month treatment and 3-month treatment (all<0.05). Compared with 2-month treatment, FSH was lowered and Ewas increased in the observation group after 3-month treatment (both<0.05). The differences of all serum tests before and after treatment were insignificant in the control group (all>0.05). The FSH after 1-month treatment, and FSH, LH and Eafter 2-month treatment and 3-month treatment in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group (all<0.05). The endometrial thickness after treatment in the observation group was higher than that before treatment (<0.05), while the endometrial thickness after treatment in the control group was similar to that before treatment (>0.05); the difference of endometrial thickness before and after treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (<0.05). The clinical effective rate was 83.3% (25/30) in the observation group, which was superior to 46.7% (14/30) in the control group (<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe autologous blood injection at Zusanli (ST 36) can significantly improve ovarian function, promote endometrial growth in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency.

β-carboline alkaloids are widely distributed in nature. Their structures are usually simple and thus are easy to synthesized or modified. β-carboline alkaloids exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as antitumor, antimalarial, cure impotence, treatment for type 2 diabetes, antiviral, antifungal, etc. Since its structural features and good biological activities, pharmaceutical corporations and research institutes have focused on it in a long time, which results in β-carboline alkaloids become a research hotspot in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry areas, especially some pharmaceutical corporations designed and synthesized many β-carboline alkaloids derivatives with excellent biological activities by high throughput screening and computer aided drug design technologies. This review summarizes the recent progress on β-carboline alkaloids extracted from marine organism, terrestrial plant, and fungi together with their biological activities over the past 20 years.

Acidic fibroblast growth factor is an important proteins which may affect the growth of several cell types. As a specific mitogen, acidic fibroblast growth factor is identified to be correlated with many physiological and pathological mechanism. In this paper we review the progress in the study on the structure and function of acidic fibroblast growth factor. Some problems about its application are also discussed.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph. Var. tubiformis (Klotz). Tsoong systematically. METHODS: Silica-gel column, reversed phase C18 column, macroporous resin column and Sephadex LH-20 column were employed to purify the chemical constituents. The ability to remove DPPH free radicals was determined to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the crude extract, eluted fractions and compounds. RESULTS: Ten compounds were obtained and identified as (E)-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene (1), β-sitosterol (2), iridotrial glucoside (3), luteolin(4), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxyflavone (5), echinacoside (6), jionoside A1 (7), kankanoside H1 (8), kankanoside l (9) and pedieularioside I (10) based on the NMR spectra together with physical and chemical properties. In addition, the methanol-eluted fractions and compound 6 showed moderate antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION: Compounds 1, 3 and 6-10 are isolated form Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph.var. tubiformis (Klotz).Tsoong for the first time.

In this study, the necessity of professional master's degree training in clinical pharmacy was analyzed by means of literature research and practice summary, and the existing problems in current professional curriculum, tutor team and practice teaching were discussed. In view of the existing problems, this paper puts forward that medical colleges and universities should give full play to their medical resources, draw lessons from the talents training experience of clinical pharmacists training base, adopt measures such as optimizing curriculum system, selecting tutors, attaching importance to practical teaching, so as to improve the quality of postgraduate training in clinical pharmacy, train high-level clinical pharmacists, and promote the development of clinical pharmacy in China.

Medicinal plants are beneficial to human health. However,most of the major producing regions of medicinal plants suffer from rust disease,which threatens the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials,thus causes huge economic loss,and hinders the sustainable development of the Chinese medicine industry. By the end of 2020,rust disease had been reported in medicinal plants of 76 species and 33 families. In the 76 species,79 rust pathogens were detected. The majority of these pathogens belonged to Puccinia( 33,39. 24%),Coleosporium( 14,15. 19%),and Aecidium( 11,13. 92%). Of these 79 rust pathogens,10 were autoecious and 13 were heteroecious. Through literature research,this study reviewed the symptoms,pathogen species,severity and distribution,prevalence and occurrence conditions,and control measures of rust disease in medicinal plants,and thereby summarized the research status of rust disease in medicinal plants and the gap with other plants,which is expected to serve as a reference for further research on rust disease in medicinal plants.
Basidiomycota/genetics* ; Humans ; Plant Diseases ; Plants, Medicinal

Objective: To investigate the effect of intensive insulin therapy on the immune function and prognosis of severe thoracic injuries patients with stress hyperglycemia. Methods: A retrospective case control study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 60 patients with severe chest trauma and stress-induced hyperglycemia admitted to Chongqing People's Hospital from October 2016 to October 2018. There were 31 males and 26 females, aged 25-61 years [(46.1±4.0)years]. The abbreviated injury scale (AIS) range was 3-5 points. Thirty patients received routine insulin therapy (routine treatment group) and thirty patients received intensive insulin therapy (intensive treatment group). Venous blood was collected from two groups of patients before treatment, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after treatment respectively. Level of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP)], and lymphocyte count (CD₁₄^＋, CD₄^＋ and CD₄^＋/CD₈^＋) were detected respectively. The incidence of nosocomial infection, length of hospital stay, mortality and incidence of hypoglycemia were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in plasma TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP levels between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment (1-7 days), the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in the intensive treatment group were lower than those of routine treatment group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with these before treatment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in both groups increased to varied degrees, reaching a peak on day 3, followed by a gradual decline (P<0.05 or 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in CD₁₄^＋, CD₄^＋、CD₄^＋/CD₈^＋ lymphocyte counts between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). On days 3, 5, and 7 after treatment, the counts of CD₁₄^＋ lymphocytes [3 d: (0.61±0.08)×10⁹ vs. (0.55±0.09)×10^9, 5 d: (0.68±0.05)×10⁹ vs. (0.63±0.05)×10^9, 7 d: (0.77±0.07)×10⁹ vs. (0.71±0.06)×10⁹], CD₄^＋ lymphocytes [3 d: (0.29±0.04)×10⁹ vs. (0.25±0.03)×10^9, 5 d: (0.32±0.04)×10⁹ vs. (0.30±0.05)×10^9, 7 d: (0.34±0.03)×10⁹ vs. (0.32±0.06)×10⁹], CD₄^＋/CD₈^＋ lymphocytes [3 d: (0.28±0.04)×10⁹ vs. (0.26±0.06)×10^9, 5 d: (0.33±0.03)×10⁹ vs. (0.31±0.06)×10^9, 7 d: (0.35±0.03)×10⁹ vs. (0.32±0.06)×10⁹] in the intensive treatment group were higher than those in the routine treatment group. Compared with before treatment, the counts of CD14⁺ , CD4⁺ , CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ lymphocytes in the two groups were raised to different degrees after treatment for 3 days, with significant differences (P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with routine treatment group, patients in intensive treatment group had lower incidence of nosocomial infection [57%(17/30) vs. 30%(9/30)], shorter duration of mechanical ventilation [(12.8±2.4)vs. (7.4±1.2)days], and lower hospital mortality rate [27%(8/30) vs. 10%(3/30)]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion For severe chest trauma patients with stress hyperglycemia, intensive insulin therapy can effectively improve the immunity, inhibit the inflammatory reaction, reduce the complication incidence, restore ventilation function and improve survival rate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlative factors of weight gain in very low birth weight infants (VLBW).

METHODSFifty-one cases of VLBW from July 1998 to March 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSTwenty two cases were small for gestational age (SGA) and 29 cases were appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The age of first feeding was (2.35 +/- 2.29) d. Caloric intake was (377.61 +/- 121.50) kJ/(kg.d) [(90.25 +/- 29.04) kcal/(kg.d)] and protein intake was (2.18 +/- 0.83) g/(kg.d). The age of birth weight regained was (7.41 +/- 3.57) d and the velocity of weight gain was (16.38 +/- 9.29) g/d or (12.63 +/- 7.15) g/(kg.d). Single factor analysis found that early feeding and caloric supply and protein supply had significant influence on weight gain (P < 0.05). The result of multivariate linear analysis showed that the significant risk factors were associated with supply of calorie and protein. The equation was Y (weight gain) = -6.426 + 0.120X(1) (caloric supply) + 3.737X(2) (protein supply) (P < 0.01). The caloric supply of the cases that achieved the nutritional goal was (468.19 +/- 67.11) kJ/(kg.d), [(111.90 +/- 16.04) kcal/(kg.d)], and that with enteral nutrition and partial parenteral nutrition was [(520.62 +/- 21.59) kJ/(kg.d)], [(124.43 +/- 5.16) kcal/(kg.d), (451.49 +/- 68.41) kJ/(kg.d)], [(107.98 +/- 16.35) kcal/(kg.d)] respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The mean rank of time of birth weight regaining, the time in hospital stay and duration of parenteral nutrition providing at least 75% of the total daily fluid volume was 18.58, 20.24 and 20.11 in the group of early feeding, and it was 33.00, 32.48 and 31.83 in the group of late feeding, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSufficient supply of calorie and protein should be ensured in VLBW infants, especially in SGA and severely ill infants. It was very important to feed VLBW infants as early as possible, which could improve feeding tolerance and gastrointestinal maturation. VLBW infants should receive parenteral nutrition as supplements to enteral feeding.

Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Weight Gain

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of procyanidins on cerebral injury in rat model of cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and it's possible mechanisms. METHEOD: Fifty-four health Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups randomly: sham operation group, model group of intracerebral hemorrhage, treatment group-administrate with procyanidins of low (50 mg x kg(-1)), middle (100 mg x kg(-1)) and high(200 mg x kg(-1)) dose, and positive control group-administrate with nimodipine (10 mg x kg(-1)). Intragastric administration procyanidins to rats of each treatment groups once a day, lasting two weeks and once again at one hour before operation. The sham-operation group and intracerebral hemorrhage group was administrated with Sodium Chloride of the equal volume. On the brain stereotaxic apparatus, the rat intracerebral hemorrhage model was established by injecting collagenase with microinjector into the brain caudate nucleus which was located according to the brain stereotaxic atlas. Symptoms of neurological handicap of rats with ICH was evaluated by measurement of Bederson score at 4, 8, 12, 24 hour after operation respectively. Twenty-four hours after operation, make the blood serum of rats ready to measure the level of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the brain homogenate was prepared to detect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat's brain tissues. The content of water in rat's brain was observed by Dry-weight method, the brain tissue pathomorphology was observed with electron microscope.

RESULTIn procyanidins groups (50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1)), the neurological behavioral score, Brain Water Content (BWC) and the level of CK, LDH were significantly lower than those in ICH group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), whereas the activity of SOD was higher than that in ICH group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, procyanidins (100, 200 mg x kg(-1)) degrade the content of MDA in brain homogenate. In addition, changes of histopathology in procyanidin groups at every doses was better than ICH group.

CONCLUSIONProcyanidins can protect rats with cerebral hemorrhage, and the protective effect may be result from improving lipid peroxidation and reducing free radicals to generate.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Proanthocyanidins ; administration & dosage ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic basis of high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treatment of peripheral neuropathy induced by Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide (CJ LPS).

METHOD(1) IVIg (400 mg/kg x d) was given to the rats on the different days respectively during the immunization with CJ LPS. Histological study of sciatic nerve was performed on the 35 th day after immunization. The titer of anti-CJ LPS antibody in sera of immunized rats was measured by ELISA; IgG deposition was detected by immunohistochemistry and expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the pathological nerves by in situ hybridization histochemistry. (2) When PBMCs were stimulated by CJ LPS in vitro, IVIg was added into culture medium at the doses of 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/ml, respectively. Pathological examination of sciatic nerve was performed on the 7th day after perineural injection of the supernatants. Expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in PBMCs stimulated by CJ LPS in medium was detected by in situ hybridization histochemistry after adding IVIg.

RESULTS(1) The rate of abnormal fibers appearance in IVIg group (1.0%) was much lower than that of the control group (15.0%) after immunization with CJ LPS, P < 0.01. The titer of antibody in control group was 9 times higher than that of IVIg group. There was no expression of immunoglobulin and TNF-alphamRNA in peripheral nerves in IVIg group, but high expression was found in control group in which no IVIg was injected. (2) The expression rates of TNF-alphamRNA on the PBMCs in IVIg group (1.0%) was much lower than that of control group (9.5%). (3) When the PBMCs of normal rats were stimulated by CJ LPS, the expression rates of TNF-alphamRNA in PBMCs of 5 mg/ml IVIg group (3.0%) or 10 mg/ml IVIg group (2.0%) were much lower than that of 1 mg/ml IVIg group (15.0%) or 2.5 mg/ml IVIg group (11.5%), P < 0.01. The rate of abnormal fibers appearance in 5 mg/ml IVIg group (9.8%) or 10 mg/ml IVIg group (8.5%) was much lower than that of 1 mg/ml IVIg group (50.0%), 2.5 mg/ml IVIg group (41.0%) or control group (50.8%) after the perineural injection with the supernatants, respectively, P < 0.01.

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of high dose IVIg might be associated with inhibition of the humoral and cellular immunity simultaneously in peripheral neuropathy induced by CJ LPS.

Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; genetics ; immunology ; therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis ; genetics