【Objective】 To explore the characteristics and prevalence of HBV infection among voluntary blood donors in Chongqing and analyze its epidemiological characteristics, so as to provide reference for effective selection of low-risk blood donors. 【Methods】 The test results of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and viral nucleic acid (HBV DNA) of 314 442 voluntary blood donors from October 2017 to October 2020 in Chongqing Blood Center were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between the total positive rate of HBV, HBsAg+ /HBV DNA-, HBsAg-/HBV DNA+, HBsAg+ /HBV DNA+ and gender, marriage, age, education background, occupation, firs-time blood donation and repeated blood donation was analyzed. 【Results】 Among the 314 442 voluntary blood donors, the total positive rate of HBV, HBsAg+ /HBV DNA-, HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ and HBsAg+ /HBV DNA+ was 0.88% (2 764/314 442), 0.28% (893/314 442), 0.18% (567/314 442) and 0.41% (1 304/314 442), respectively. The total positive rate of HBV, HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ and HBsAg+ /HBV DNA+ was different in gender, marriage, age, education background, occupation and firs-time/repeated blood donation. The positive rate of men was higher than that of women, and that of married higher than that of unmarried, and decreased as the education level elevated.The positive rate of farmers and workers was the highest and that of medical staff was the lowest, followed by students, military personnel, civil servants, and teachers. The positive rate of first-time blood donors was higher than that of repeated blood donors. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); The positive rate of HBV, HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ and HBsAg+ /HBV DNA+ within 18~50 years old all increased gradually with age. the positive rate of HBsAg+ / HBV DNA+ was highest within 41~50 years old, and that of HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ was highest within 51~60 years old, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The positive rate of HBsAg+ /HBV DNA- was statistically significant between first-time and repeated blood donation (P<0.05), and there is no significant difference between gender, marriage, age, educational background, and occupation(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of HBV among voluntary blood donors in Chongqing is relatively high and is related to gender, marriage, age, education background, occupation, and first-time/repeated blood donation. It is necessary to strengthen effective consultation before blood donation, formulate guidelines for blood donation recruitment, select voluntary blood donors from low-risk groups to improve blood safety.

Objective To prepare PCM modified liposome (PCM-LIP) containing enhanced green fluorescent protein expression plasmid (pEGFP) and to evaluate its myocardial targeting ability. Methods Liposome was prepared by film-ultrasonic, with PCM used as ligand and DOTAP as cationic lipid material. PCM-LIP containing pEGFP was prepared by incubating liposome with pEGFP at room temperature. The connecting method of PCM was optimized and the connection rate of PCM was determined. The characteristics of liposomes including encapsulation ability, morphology, particle size, zeta potential and stability in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) were observed. The transfection efficiency of liposomes into H9c2 cells was evaluated by inverted fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, so as to characterize their myocardial targeting ability and to determine the optimum dosage of PCM. Results PCM-LIP was prepared by insertion method and the amount of PCM accounted for 3% of the lipid. After incubation with pEGFP, PCM-LIP was spherical in shape, with the particle size being (261. 9±2. 2) nm, zeta potential being (-5. 0±0. 6) mV, and PCM-LIP was stable in PBS at -4℃ for 30 d. The transfection efficiency of PCM-LIP was significantly higher than that of unmodified liposome (P<0. 05). Conclusion PCM can improve the transfection efficiency of liposome into cardiomyocytes and PCM-LIP shows a satisfactory myocardial targeting ability.

【Objective】 To provide reference for formulating relatively unified quality control strategies and meeting the requirements of homogenization construction of blood banks across Chongqing area by retrospectively analyzing sampling results of different blood components during the past two years in all levels of blood banks in Chongqing area. 【Methods】 The key quality data of blood components prepared by 6 blood banks in Chongqing were analyzed retrospectively. According to the issuing units to the clinical during the past two years, the research objects were selected as leukocyte-depleted suspended RBCs, cryoprecipitate, pathogen inactivated fresh frozen plasma(FFP) and apheresis platelets. The quality data of the above-mentioned blood components from January 2019 to June 2021 were collected and analyzed. 【Results】 For leukocyte-depleted suspended RBCs(1U)prepared by 5 blood banks, statistically significant differences in Hb, residual white blood cells and hemolysis rate at the end of storage, except for Hct, were noticed(P<0.05). For cryoprecipitate, the content of blood coagulation factor Ⅷ and fibrinogen were statistically different among 3 blood banks in 1U specification(P<0.05) and among 5 blood banks in 2U specification(P<0.05). For pathogen inactivated FFP, the content of blood coagulation factor Ⅷ, plasma proteins, and residual methylene blue were statistically different among 3 blood banks(P<0.05). For apheresis platelets, Plt, white/red blood cells contamination and pH at the end of storage were statistically different among 3 blood banks(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The quality data of blood components, prepared by different blood banks, meet the requirements of national standard, however, certain differences are existing among blood banks.Key points during the process of collection, preparation, storage and transportation need to be cleared and unified, so as to reduce the differences between each other, and determine the direction and basis for homogeneity construction in the next step.

OBJECTIVE： To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of 6 flavonoids in Epimedium brevicornu from Shenqi yanshen granules， such as epimedin A1， epimedin A， epimedin B， epimedin C， icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Waters Symmetry C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min； the column temperature was 25 ℃， and detection wavelength was 270 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. Relative correction factors （fk/s） of each component to icariin （reference substance） were established by multi-point correction method and slope correction method on the basis of external standard method to calculate the contents of each component. The contents of 6 flavonoids in 4 batches of Shenqi yanshen granules determined by HPLC external standard method were compared with by multi-point correction method and slope correction method. Feasibility and accuracy of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker （QAMS） were validated. RESULTS： The linear range of epimedin A1， epimedin A， epimedin B， epimedin C， icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ were 2.03-50.80 μg/mL （r＝0.999 5）， 4.34-108.60 μg/mL （r＝0.999 5）， 2.26-56.40 μg/mL （r＝0.999 5）， 4.14-103.60 μg/mL （r＝0.999 5）， 4.24-106.00 μg/mL （r＝0.999 5）， 1.78-44.60 μg/mL （r＝0.999 5）， respectively， the limits of detection were 65.80， 71.49， 74.26， 68.79， 70.56， 86.09 ng/mL， respectively； the limits of quantification were 196.62， 213.63， 223.72， 208.46， 215.96， 255.88 ng/mL， respectively； RSDs of precision， stability （24 h）， reproducibility tests were less than 2％ （n＝6）， respectively. The average recoveries were 96.03％-99.04％ （RSDs were 0.65％-1.04％， n＝6）. By multi-point correction method， fk/s of epimedin A1， epimedin A， epimedin B， epimedin C and baohuoside Ⅰ were 0.837， 0.818， 0.845， 0.831， 1.387， respectively； by slope correction method， fk/s of them were 0.835， 0.815， 0.851， 0.829， 1.419， respectively. There was no significant difference in content determination results between two correction methods of QAMS and external standard （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Established HPLC- QAMS method is accurate and suitable for the quality control of epimedin A1， epimedin A， epimedin B， epimedin C， icariin and baohuoside Ⅰ in E. brevicornu from Shenqi yanshen granules.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the peptide mass mapping and localization of disulfide bonds of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(rhGM-CSF) by using mass spectrometry combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography. METHODS The bulk of rhGM-CSF was denatured, reduced, alkylated and finally digested by the enzyme of trypsin and V8 respectively to analyse the peptide mass mapping. The bulk was denatured, alkylated and digested by V8 and V8 with trypsin respectively to identify the sites of disulfide bonds. RESULTS Fourteen matched peptides were found in the peptide mass mapping of rhGM-CSF digested by trypsin and eighteen matched peptides were found digested by V8. The fraction of coverage was both 100.0%. The site of disulfide bond Cys55-Cys97 was identified by digestion of V8, and the types of disulfide bonds Cys55-Cys97 and Cys89-Cys122 were identified by digestion of V8 with trypsin. CONCLUSION The peptide mass mapping analysis and localization of disulfide bonds using LC-MS/MS can be used for the quality control of recombination protein.

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential mechanism of Wuse Peiyuan Guben Decoction in treating chronic kidney disease-protein energy wasting(CKD-PEW). METHODS The CKD-PEW model on rats was established by using a 5/6 nephrectomy and low protein diet. Widely targeted metabolomics technology was employed for the serum metabolomics analysis on rats to identify differential metabolites and their corresponding targets, whereas network pharmacology method was utilized to predict the key chemical compositions, targets, and metabolic pathways of Wuse Peiyuan Guben Decoction in treating CKD-PEW. Furthermore, the common targets discovered using the integrated serum metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis were leveraged to construct the component-target-metabolite-pathway network, which presented the main effective chemical compositions and metabolic mechanisms of Wuse Peiyuan Guben Decoction in treating CKD-PEW. RESULTS There were 123 different metabolites between the blank group and the model group, and 50, 37, 62, and 114 different metabolites in the model group compared with the positive control compound α-ketoacid tablets, low, medium, and high dosage Wuse Peiyuan Guben Decoction groups, respectively. There were 25 potential biomarkers enriched in the metabolic pathway between the blank group and the model group by Metabo Analysis, and 2, 2, 5 and 24 potential biomarkers in the model group and the positive control compound α-ketoacid tablets, low, medium and high dosage Wuse Peiyuan Guben Decoction groups, respectively. There were 21 enriched metabolic pathways with 194 targets between the blank group and the model group, and 2 pathways with 14 targets, 2 pathways with 14 targets, 5 pathways with 38 targets, and 24 pathways with 52 targets between the model group and positive control compound α-ketoacid tablets, low, medium and high dose groups, respectively. There were 65 active pharmaceutical ingredients and 123 important targets identified by the network pharmacology analysis. The integrated serum metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis results presented that four common targets: myeloperoxidase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, tyrosinase, and paraoxonase-1, were regulated by the four compositions, beta-sitosterol, quercetin, naringenin, salidroside in Wuse Peiyuan Guben Decoction to impact the key biomarkers, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid, hydroquinone, 2-phenylacetamide, and dopaquinone, thereby to affect the metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, propanoate, and tyrosine to finally treat CKD-PEW. CONCLUSION The pathogenesis of CKD-PEW is associated with multiple targets and metabolic pathways, and this study has elaborated on the key effective chemical compositions and metabolic mechanisms of Wuse Peiyuan Guben Decoction in treating CKD-PEW, hopefully providing a solid theoretical and experimental foundation for medical treatment of CKD-PEW.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound cyclo plasty(UCP)in the treatment of glaucoma and to investigate related influencing factors.METHODS: The study involved a total of 110 patients(134 eyes)who received UCP treatment between January 2019 and January 2022 at three medical centers: Tianjin Eye Aier Eye Hospital, Chongqing Aier Eye Hospital, and Chongqing Nanping Aier Eye Hospital. Patients were classified into three categories: primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. Best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and the usage of anti-glaucoma medications, etc., were recorded at 6 and 12 mo postoperatively.RESULTS: After 6 months of the UCP procedure, statistically significant differences in intraocular pressure were observed across all groups(all P<0.05). At 12 mo postoperatively, intraocular pressure of the primary angle-closure and primary open-angle glaucoma groups showed differences(all P<0.05). Notably, there were no significant changes in visual acuity at either the 6 or 12 mo compared to preoperative values across all patient groups(all P>0.05). Furthermore, the study identified a statistically significant correlation between the changes in intraocular pressure at 6 mo and factors such as age, history of previous glaucoma surgery, baseline white-to-white(corneal diameter), and the extent of UCP treatment(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The UCP procedure has been demonstrated to effectively lower intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. The efficacy appears to be influenced by variables including patient age, previous glaucoma surgery history, baseline white-to-white(corneal diameter), and the scope of UCP treatment. Importantly, UCP treatment did not adversely affect visual acuity, underscoring its favorable safety profile.

【Objective】 To investigate the management of adverse reactions to blood donation(ARBD) in blood services, so as to promote the surveillance of ARBD and improve the quality of blood donation service in Chongqing. 【Methods】 A questionnaire, involving the staff and facilities in blood donation sites as well as the prevention and treatment, the record and report, the following up and data related to ARBD was developed by Chongqing Society of Blood Transfusion in February 2019, and was issued to 18 blood services(1 blood center and its sub-center, 6 central blood stations and 11 hospital blood banks) in the Chongqing via email. The questionnaire was filled in and submitted before March 31 by management personnel participating in the investigation, and the data was collected, collated, revised and analyzed by Excel 2011. 【Results】 A total 19 questionnaires were collected, with the valid rate at 100%(19/19). 78.95%(15/19) of the blood services met the requirements of medical personnel allocation(>6 medical staff) when the number of daily blood collection was more than 60, and 100%(19/19)met the requirements of medical personnel allocation(2 to 6 medical staff) when the number of daily blood collection was less than 60. 89.47%(17/19) of the blood services were equipped with epinephrine hydrochloride, and 84.21%(16/19) with dexamethasone(an anti-allergic drug). There were significant differences in the allocation of other types of drugs. 100.00%(19/19) of the blood services formulated prevention and treatment measures concerning ARBD. In 2019, the incidence of ARBD in Chongqing was reported to be 0.54%(1 958 / 359 871), with the highestas [1.35%(223/16 543)] in subcenters and the lowest [0.32%(179/56 299)] in central blood centers (P<0.05). There was statistical significances in the incidences of ARBD reported by different blood stations(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The monitoring and management of ARBD among blood services in Chongqing should be further standardized in terms of staffing allocation, emergency drugs allocation and reporting, so as to gradually realize regional homogenization and ensure blood safety.

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of varicella in Chongqing from 2014 to 2020, and to provide evidence for the development of scientific and effective varicella control strategies. Methods Data on the outbreak of varicella and vaccination in Chongqing from 2014 to 2020 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 181 551 cases of varicella were reported in Chongqing from 2014 to 2020, with an average annual incidence rate of 83.79 per 100 000. The incidence rate of varicella increased from 39.95 per 100 000 in 2014 to 81.88 per 100 000 in 2020 (P < 0.001). The incidence of varicella was seasonal, with the peak periods occurring from May to June and from October to December each year. The average annual incidence rate in municipal districts was 88.90/100 000, higher than 67.42/100 000 in counties and 82.50/100 000 in autonomous counties. The average annual incidence rate of varicella in males (87.13/100 000) was higher than that in females (80.38/100 000). The incidence of varicella was mainly distributed in people under 15 years old, with 143 508 cases (79.10%) reported, and the highest incidence age was 5-9 years old (37.00%). Among the affected occupations , 133 733 cases (62.6%) were students , 39 274 cases (18.40%) were children in nursery care, and 17 963 cases (8.4%) were scattered children. The actual number of doses of varicella vaccine from 2014 to 2020 was 2 302 522 doses, with the coverage rates of one-dose and two-dose vaccines being 75.56% and 32.17%, respectively. ARIMA predicted that there would be 2 604, 811, 756, 1 226, 2 405, 3 904, 2 410, 1 211, 2 034, 6 878, 10 887, and 8 955 cases of varicella from January to December 2021. Conclusion The incidence of varicella in Chongqing is on the rise, with obvious seasonal, regional and population distribution characteristics. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of varicella epidemic, strengthen the prevention and control measures of key groups and key institutions in the high incidence season, strengthen the publicity of varicella vaccine, and improve the vaccination rate of two-doses of varicella vaccine for eligible children.

The American Association of Cataract Surgeons issued the Consensus on Astigmatism Management in Cataract Surgery in 2019. To help Chinese ophthalmologists better comprehend the consensus, the main contents are explained: Toric intraocular lens(Toric IOL)implantation is the first choice for correcting corneal astigmatism. Three or more than three instruments should be used for preoperative measurement, and the values that are consistent with results should be taken. Then the Barrett Toric calculator can be used to calculate Toric IOL. When calculating toric IOL,the position of the surgical incision, surgically induced astigmatism(SIA), etc. should be considered. Then, the Toric IOL that makes resultant astigmatism close to 0 without flipping the astigmatism axis can be selected. The intraoperative automated image-guided systems can be used to guide the implantation. If residual astigmatism causes discomfort, laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)or IOL replacement can be used for correction. Toric IOL implantation is not recommended for patients with pseudoexfoliation(PXF)syndrome or macular lesions. There are many contraindications in dysfunctional lens syndrome(DLS)patients, which should be carried out by senior doctors. In the future, it is necessary to explore further the influence of haptic design and optic material on the rotational stability of IOL. Cataract surgery assisted by intraoperative aberrometers, automated image-guided systems or femtosecond laser still needs further development.