Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of the gram positive bacteria isolates from hospital in Chongqing during 2006-2011 .Methods Non-repetitive gram positive bacterias were collected retrospectively from ten hospitals in Chongqing .Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all clinical isolates were carried out using Kirby-Bauer(KB) .Results 14 473 strains were isolated .There were 4 840 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (33 .4% ) ,2 566 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis (17 .7% ) ,1 822 strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus (12 .6% ) ,1 325 strains of Enterococcus (E .faecalis/E .faecium )(9 .2% ) . Staphylococcus was highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin ,rifampicin ,piperacillin/tazobactam ,linezolid ,teicoplanin and vancomycin ,but their resistance rate to ampicillin/sulbactam ,oxacillin ,penicillin and clarithromycin was high .The resistance rate of E .faecium to the majority of antimicrobial agents was obviously higher than that of E .faecalis ,excluding imipenem ,chloramphenicol and tetracy-cline .Vancomycin and linezolid still remain the strongest antibacterial activity to Enterococcus .Conclusion The distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in Chongqing present regional particularity ,and antibiotic resistance is severe .It is significant to strengthen the epidemiology study of pathogenic bacteria and to develop policies to intervene in the use of antimicrobial agents .

Objective To evaluate expression and significance of TLR4 and NF-κB on inflammatory injure after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats .Methods 60 Sprague Dawley maleness rats were randomly divided into Sham group ,12 h ,24 h ,72 h and 7 d af-ter ICH group(12 s) .The ICH was induced by injection of autologous blood in rats .The behavioral changes were detected by neu-rologic deficit score .The water content of the brain was used to evaluate brain edema changes .Number of TLR4 and NF-κB positive cells by Nissl staining and the expression of protein determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot .Results After ICH 12 h ,expression of TLR4 and NF-κB positive cells around the hematoma were expressed ,with the extension of the time ,expression was gradually increasing ,and after ICH 72 h the expression of protein were the highest .Cerebral edema and severe neurological damage occurred .Western blot shows the amount of TLR4 expression and NF-κB were in line with the result .Conclusion After in-tracerebral hemorrhage in rat causing inflammatory injure of brain tissue around the hematoma .TLR4 may activate the expression of NF-κB involved in the secondary inflammatory injure after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats .

Objective To investigate the influence of flufenamic acid (FFA) on gap junction intercellular communication in vascu-lar smooth muscle cells(VSMC) in situ of acutely isolated arteriole segments .Methods Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to study the effects of FFA on membrane input capacitance (Cinput ) ,membrane input conductance(Ginput ) or membrane input re-sistance(Rinput ) of VSMCs embedded in arteriole segments .Results FFA concentration-dependently and reversibly suppressed Ginput or increased Rinput ,with an IC50 of 56 and 33μmol/L in acutely isolated mesenteric artery(MA) and brain artery(BA) segments re-spectively .There was not significant difference between MA and BA (P> 0 .05) .After application of FFA (≥ 300 μmol/L) ,the Cinput ,Ginput and Rinput of the in situ cells were very close to the respective dispersed cell in MA and BA .Conclusion FFA is a reversi-ble gap junction blocker ,achieving a complete electrical isolation of the recorded VSMC at ≥300 μmol/L .FFA suggesting a homo-geneous property of the gap junctions between MA and BA .

Objective To explore the effects of human menopausal gonadotropopin(HMG) supplementation on the outcome of women underwent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET) .Methods The data of 406 IVF-ET cycles in Reproductive Medi-cine Center of the 105th Hospital of PLA were analyzed retrospectively .All cases underwent long down regulation protocol with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a) in the mid-luteal phase and controlled ovarian stimulation(COS) was carried out with follicle stimulation hormone(r-FSH) on the days 3 -5 of the menstrual cycle .Then 75 -150 U HMG was administrated in group A(257 cycles) when a dominant follicle reached a diameter of 14 mm ,while the remaining cases(149 cycles) underwent HCG still with r-FSH were served as group B .Based on the LH levels on the day of HMG administration ,the cases in group A were sub-divided into :group A1(99 cycles) ,LH<1 U/L ;group A2(96 cycles) ,1 U/L≤LH≤2 U/L ,and group A3(62 cycles) ,LH>2 U/L .Clinical outcomes of all groups were analyzed and compared .Results The durations and doses of gonadotropin(Gn) ,the rates of fertilization and pregnancy were higher and the abortion rate was lower in group A than that in group B (P<0 .05) .There were no significant difference in serum LH concentrations on the days of HMG and HCG administration ,oocytes retrieved ,the rates of cleavage and embryo implantation between group A and group B(P>0 .05) .There was significant difference in serum LH levels on the day of HMG supplementation among group A1 ,A2 and A3(P<0 .05) and the doses of HMG supplemented reduced gradually from group A1 to group A3(P<0 .05) .The duration of Gn was significantly lower and the fertilization rate was significantly higher in group A3 compared with group A1 and A2(P<0 .05) .The pregnancy rate in group A2 and A3 was higher than that in group A1 ,which showed significant difference between group A2 and A1(P<0 .05) .Meanwhile ,there were no significant difference in doses of r-FSH ,serum LH concentrations on the day of HCG administration ,oocytes retrieved ,the rates of cleavage ,implantation and abortion among the three groups(P>0 .05) .Conclusion HMG supplementation in the middle and late follicle phases in stand-ard long down-regulation protocol during IVF could obtain higher pregnancy rate and lower abortion rate ,especially when their ser-um LH level was between 1 U/L and 2 U/L without obvious increase of LH .

Objective To observe the factors that affect cryosurvival of frozen-thawed embryos .Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 98 patients undergoing FET with two embryos of which one was complete cryosurvival and the other not .1∶1 matched samples logistic regression analysis was employed to observe the influence of cytoplasm with granulation ,vacuolar cyto-plasm ,embryo fragments ,blastomere number and equality of size on the cryosurvival of frozen-thawed embryos .Results Presence of vacuolar cytoplasm(OR=13 .413) or embryo fragments(OR= 1 .101) significantly increased blasstomere damage ,but the in-creased blastomere number(OR=0 .569) decreased it(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Embryos with vacuolar cytoplasm ,or embryo frag-ments and blastomere number are very vital factors that affect the blastomere damage after cryopreservation .

Objective To investigate the changes of CA125 level with intra-abdominal tumor(epithelial ovarian cancer ,fallopian tube cancer and peritoneal cancer ) before and after chemotherapy serum and their effect on the prognosis of patients and their the clinical predictive value .Methods 174 cases(107 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer ,35 cases of fallopian tube cancer ,and 32 cases of peritoneal cancer) with peritoneal cancer patients were selected from January 2007 to January 2008 .The percentage decrease of ser-um CA125 were calculated after 3 courses of chemotherapy and CA125 decreased level of sensitivity with chemotherapy were ana-lyzed .The different levels of CA125 of median survival time and median survival time were compared .Results After chemothera-py ,CA125 decreased ≥ 75% in 42 cases ,decreased from 51% to 75% in 62 cases ,decreased from 25% to 50% in 32 cases ,and de-creased less than 25% in 38 cases .In CA125 decreased ≥ 75% group ,the chemotherapy effects was better than the other groups (P<0 .05) .Univariate analysis showed that the decrease proportion of CA 125 was positively correlated with chemotherapy effect (r=0 .396 ,P=0 .000) .Using the Kaplan-Meier method ,the patient's survival rate and median survival time were caculated and it showed that the 5 years survival and median survival time were significantly better in group CA 125 decline ≥ 75% than the other groups(P<0 .05) .Univariate analysis shows that the CA125 decline proportion of patients and long term efficacy was positively correlated(r=0 .412 ,P=0 .000) .The COX risk model analysis showed that FIGO stage ,CA125 level and the effect of chemothera-py were independent prognostic risk factors .Conclusion The level of CA125 is the independent risk factor of epithelial ovarian cancer ,fallopian tube cancer and peritoneal cancer prognosis .CA125 decline proportion could be used to know the effect of chemo-therapy and long term treatment ,and be the prognosis indicators for patients with intra abdominal tumor .

Objective To compare difference of clinical effect of reformed interocclusal lip arch appliance and conventional moved maxillary bite plate appliance in the interceptive orthodontics in the treatment of deciduous anterior crossbite .To search an appro-priate interceptive orthodontics treatment of deciduous anterior crossbite .Methods 50 cases of deciduous anterior crossbite were randomly divided into 2 groups(25 cases in each group) .The improvement group underwent a modified appliance therapy ,and the control group were treated with conventional bite appliance ,then we compared the clinical efficacy of the two groups .Results All the cases with the deciduous anterior crossbite were cured .After treatment ,the maxillary anterior teeth and soft tissue profile of all the patients were improved .In the improvement group the changes of the mandible ,the mandibular anterior teeth ,and the concave profile improving have more significant efficiency than those in the control group .Conclusion Both kinds of appliance could cure the deciduous anterior crossbite .The reformed interocclusal lip arch appliance has both the mechanical and functional effects and be-fits in those overbite cases ,it can be an effective interceptive treatment of children with anterior crossbite .The modified appliance group can get more harmonized profile .

Objective To observe the effects and toxicity of nimotuzumab combined paclitaxel and carboplatin in the treatment of advanced non small cell lung cancer .Methods 168 cases of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into study group and control group ,with 84 cases in each group .Study group was treated with nimotuzumab 200 mg ,1 times per week ,for 6 weeks ,two weeks later the patients were treated with 200 mg and stopped when the disease progressed ,paclitaxel lipo-some(135 mg/m2 ,iv drip 3 h ,1 days) ,carboplatin(300 mg/m2 ,iv drip ,1 days);the control group was given paclitaxel liposome(135 mg/m2 ,iv drip 3 h ,1 days) ,carboplatin(300 mg/m2 ,iv drip ,1 days) ,21 days for 1 cycle .Results Study group RR 38 .1% (32/84);control group RR 23 .8% (20/84)(P<0 .05) .The main side effects of two groups of were gastrointestinal reaction and bone marrow suppression ,there were 64 cases of above Ⅱ digestive tract reaction in the study group ,accounting for 76 .2% ,52 cases ofⅡ degrees of bone marrow suppression ,accounting for 61 .9% ,52 cases of Ⅱ degrees of alopecia ,accounting for 61 .9% ;54 cases of control group Ⅱ digestive tract reaction ,accounting for 66 .7% ,54 cases of Ⅱ degrees of bone marrow suppression ,accounting for 66 .7% ,and 58 cases of Ⅱ degrees of alopecia ,accounted for 57 .1% (P>0 .05) .In the study group ,progression-free survival period was 7 .8 months ,the median survival period was 14 .2 months;in the control group ,progression-free survival period was 5 .1 months ,the median survival period was 9 .8 months(P<0 .05) .Conclusion nimotuzumab combined paclitaxel and carboplatin in the treatment of advanced non small cell lung cancer has good clinical curative effect ,and would not increase adverse reactions .It is worthy of clinical application .

Objective To explore the effects of microsurgical technique treatment on acknowledge ability ,activities of daily liv-ing ,cortex blood perfusion and neuropeptide levels of brain glioma patients .Methods Microsurgical technique treatment and tradi-tional operation were given to 87 brain glioma patients ,respectively .The acknowledge ability and activities of daily living were measured by HDS ,MMSE and ADL ;the cortex blood perfusion were revealed by PET ,and the neuropeptide levels including argi-nine vasopressin ,oxytocin ,β-endorphin ,somatostatin and neurotensin of patients from two different surgical groups were compared . Results As compared with the traditional operation ,the acknowledge ability and activities of daily living of patients from microsur-gical treatment group were significantly improved(P<0 .05) ,the cortex blood perfusion were statistically increased (P<0 .05) and the levels of five kinds of neuropeptide were all profoundly increased (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Microsurgical technique treatment could improve the acknowledge ability and activities of daily living of brain glioma patients ,the mechanisms of which could be the increase of cortex blood perfusion and theincrease of neuropeptide levels .

Objective To study the value of prealbumin(PAB) ,C reactive protein(CRP) and apolipoprotein A1(Apo A1) in e-valuating the prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia .Methods 63 cases of patients with severe pneumonia were selected ,and the fasting serum level of prealbumin ,C-reactive protein and apolipoprotein A1 were detected in 24 hours at the admission day ,and APACHE Ⅱ score was calcumulated .The patients were divided into group A (APACHEⅡscore <20) and group B(APACHEⅡscore≥20) ,with the incidence of MODS and mortality rate compared .The patients were divided into non-MODS group and MODS group .In addition ,the patients were divided into survival group and death group according to the prognosis .PAB ,CRP and Apo A1 in each group were compared .Results The incidence of MODS and mortality rate in group B (57 .9% ,47 .4% ) were higher than that in group A(24 .0% ,16 .0% )(P<0 .01 ,P<0 .05) .PAB and Apo A1 of patients in MODS group[(134 .13 ± 36 .20)mg/L , (0 .62 ± 0 .21)g/L] and death group[(129 .05 ± 52 .24)mg/L ,(0 .76 ± 0 .29)g/L] were respectively lower than that in non-MODS group[(215 .03 ± 72 .08)mg/L ,(1 .06 ± 0 .39)g/L] and survival group[(185 .52 ± 57 .63)mg/L ,(1 .15 ± 0 .36)g/L](P<0 .05) , while the CRP in MODS group(102 .37 ± 35 .65)mg/L and death group(96 .37 ± 34 .72)mg/L were higher than that in non-MODS group(69 .68 ± 32 .92)mg/L and survival group(62 .94 ± 38 .36)mg/L (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The measurement of PAB ,CRP and Apo A1 are valuable to evaluate the prognosis of the patients with severe pneumonia .