Objective : To realize unifying gas source adapter's standards for different ventilators while the one be connected to different terminal units of central gas source.The ventilators can be used at every clinical department of hospital normally.Methods: A conversion adapter for terminal units of ventilators and central gas source was designed and developed.After experiments on airtightness,the conversion adapter was used and connected into different terminal units for unified format and universality.Results: The conversion adapter for ventilator's gas source was universally adapted to ventilators in all hospital's clinical departments.

It's important to find good ways to fix medical equipment in the train when designing and re-constructing a healthy se rvice train for modern war.This article points out some methods for references.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process is a high-rate nitrogen removal technology that has been applied in sludge dewatering effluents treatment with nitrogen removal rate as high as 9.5 kg/(m x d). However, due to the slow growth rate of the autotrophic Anammox bacteria and the susceptivity to environmental conditions, the start-up of Anammox process is very long; the operation is unstable; and the nitrogen removal from organic-containing and/or toxicant-containing ammonium-rich wastewaters using Anammox process becomes difficult. Thus, the application of this high-rate process is significantly limited. In this paper, a newly-developed Anammox process with sequential biocatalyst (Anammox biomass) addition was established based on the procedure in fermentation engineering. We introduced the Anammox process with sequential biocatalyst addition on start-up, stable operation and the treatment of organic-containing and toxicant-containing ammonium-rich wastewaters. Results show that supplementing high-activity Anammox biomass into reactors will increase the amount of as well as the ratio of Anammox bacteria. Thus, the innovative Anammox process with sequential biocatalyst addition not only accelerates the start-up course, but also enhances the stability of Anammox process. Furthermore, it overcomes the drawbacks of wastewaters containing high organic content and toxic substances. Therefore, the application of Anammox process may be further enlarged.
Bacteria, Anaerobic ; enzymology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Enzymes ; chemistry ; Nitrogen ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods

The performance of a novel anaerobic bioreactor, spiral automatic circulation (SPAC) reactor, was investigated in lab-scale. The results showed that the average COD removal efficiency was 93.6% (91.1%-95.7%), with influent concentration increased from 8000 mg/L to 20 000 mg/L, at 30 degrees C and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h. The removal efficiency remained at 96.0%-78.7% when HRT was shortened from 5.95 h to 1.57 h, as the influent concentration was kept constantly at 20 000 mg/L. The highest organic loading rate (OLR), volumetric COD removal rate and volumetric biogas production of the SPAC reactor were 306 gCOD/(L x d), 240 g/(L x d) and 131 L/(L x d), respectively. When increasing influent COD concentration (from 8000 mg/L to 20 000 mg/L), the effluent COD concentration maintained at low level (852 mg/L for average) with volumetric COD removal rate increased by 162% and volumetric biogas production increased by 119%. With reduced HRT (from 5.95 h to 1.57 h), the volumetric COD removal rate and volumetric biogas production were increased by 191% and 195%, respectively. The SPAC reactor shows good performances in adapting the continuous change of influent COD and HRT.
Anaerobiosis ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; metabolism ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Computer Simulation ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; instrumentation ; methods

Start-up and process control of a pilot-scale anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (Anammox) bioreactor were studied at ambient temperature. Inoculated with a mixture of nitrification-denitrification sludge, nitritation sludge, anaerobic floc sludge and anaerobic granular sludge, the pilot-scale Anammox bioreactor was successfully started up within 255 days at 5 degrees C-27 degrees C. The nitrogen removal rate reached 1.30 kg/(m3 x d). Three facets were taken into account to facilitate the process initiation. First, in terms of alkalization in Anammox, influent pH was kept at about 6.8. Besides, nitrite concentration was kept as low as 13-36 mg/L. Finally, 2% (volumetric ratio) of Anammox sludge from lab-scale bioreactors was supplemented to the pilot-scale one.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; metabolism ; Bioreactors ; microbiology ; Nitrites ; analysis ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sewage ; microbiology ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; instrumentation ; methods

Pharmacogenomics is the study of the impact of genetic variations or genotypes of individuals on their drug responses or drug metabolism.Compared to traditional genomics research,pharmacogenomic research is more closely related to clinical practice.Pharmacogenomic discoveries may effectively assist clinicians and healthcare providers in determining the right drugs and the proper doses for each patient,which can help avoid side effects or adverse reactions and improve the effect of drug therapy.Currently,pharmacogenomic approaches have proved to be valuable when it comes to the use of cardiovascular drugs,antineoplastic drugs,aromatase inhibitors,and agents for infectious diseases.The rapid innovation in sequencing technology and genome-wide association studies has led to the development of numerous data resources and dramatically changed the landscape of pharmacogenomic research.Here we describe some of these web resources along with their names,web links,main contents,and our ratings.

Objective To analyze the variation characteristics of rpoB,katG,inhA,rpsL and embB related genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)in Qinzhou,Guangxi.Methods PCR reverse point hybridization was used to detect 5 common resistance mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 237 MTB-DNA positive sputum samples.Results Among 237 cases of tuberculosis patients,72 cases(30.38%)were resistant to the four kinds of anti-TB drugs.The resistance mutation rate of rifampin,isoniazid and streptomycin was 2.53%, 13.92%,3.80%.The top 5 gene mutation detection loci of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were-15M,S531L and 43M.Conclusion The main drug-resistant strains are isoniazid resistance,and the mutation of inhA gene were the major one in Qinzhou,Guangxi.

Background::Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is gradually accepted as the standard of care in breast cancer patients with down-staged axillary disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, it is still difficult to precisely define pre-NAC clinical node-positive (cN1) and post-NAC clinical node-negative (ycN0). This prospective single-center trial was designed to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of standard targeted axillary dissection (TAD) after NAC in highly selective pre-NAC cN1 patients (not considering ultrasound-based axillary ycN staging).Methods::This prospective trial included patients with initial pre-NAC cT1–3N1M0 invasive breast cancer but with a rigorous definition of cN1 from the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University. When NAC was effective (including complete and partial responses) and preoperative axillary palpation was negative, preoperative ultrasound-based axillary staging was not considered, and all patients underwent TAD followed by axillary lymph node (LN) dissection. The detection rate (DR) and false-negative rate (FNR) of TAD were calculated.Results::A total of 82 patients were included, and 77 of them were eligible for data analysis. The DR for TAD was 94.8% (73/77). There were 26 patients with one abnormal LN at the time of diagnosis based on ultrasound, 45 patients with two, and 2 patients with three. One patient had one TAD LN, four patients had two TAD LNs, and 68 patients had three or more TAD LNs. Preoperative axillary palpation yielded negative results for all 73 patients who successfully underwent TAD. Preoperative ultrasound-based ycN0 and ycN+ conditions were detected for 52 and 21 cases, respectively. The FNR was 7.4% (2/27) for standard TAD (≥3 SLNs), which was lower than that of all successful TAD (≥1 SLN; 10.0%, 3/30).Conclusions::In rigorously defined pre-NAC cN1 breast cancer patients, standard TAD is feasible for those with negative axillary palpation after NAC, and FNR is also less than 10%.Registration::chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100049093

Objective To identify the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in infants after surgical correction for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).Methods This study performed at Guangdong general hospital in China,130 infants (less than 12 months,mechanical ventilation time≥48 h) undergoing surgical correction for TOF were included between January 2013 and December 2017.Ventilator-associated pneumonia was defined according to the CDC/NHSN definitions guidelines issued in 2008.T test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used in univariate analysis,and the variables with P ＜ 0.05 in the univariate analysis were added to a multiple logistic regression to identify the risk factors of VAP in infants after surgical correction for Tetralogy of Fallot.The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated as a measure of accuracy.Results A total of 130 infants were included,however,VAP was found in 34 (26.2％) infants.The single variables significantly associated with a risk of VAP were:pre-operative hypoxic,pre-operative pneumonia,pre-operative mechanical ventilation support,prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time,reintubation,pulmonary atelectasis,pleural effusion hydrothorax,prolonged mechanical ventilation support time,low cardiac output and transfusion of erythrocyte concentrate or fresh frozen plasma.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR =1.02),reintubation (OR =16.111),pulmonary atelectasis (OR =8.133),low cardiac output (OR =7.649) and prolonged mechanical ventilation support time (OR =1.014) were independent risk factors for VAP in infants after TOF surgical correction.The area under the curve demonstrates the accuracy of the model.Conclusion The occurrence rate of VAP was high and risk factors for VAP after TOF surgical correction were complex.These results can be used to prevent and reduce the occurrence of VAP.

Objective To compare the changes of the medical animal resources(MAR)in Sichuan based on the data of the 3rd Chinese Materia Medica Resource Inventory(CMMRI,1983-1986)and the 4th CMMRI(2020-2022).Methods After field investigation and identification of the photos of the animals,the data of the MAR in Sichuan found in the 4th CMMRI were analyzed and compared with the data of 3rd CMMRI.Results 745 species of MAR were found in Sichuan during the 4th CMMRI,including 212 families and 468 genera.Compared with the 108 species found in 3rd CMMRI,the number of MAR in Sichuan had greatly increased,The Aves was found to have 243 species of MAR,which is the most plenty one among the 7 classes.There were 14 families which have more than 10 species of MAR.The family,Cyprinidae had 48 species of MAR.There were 33 common Chinese medicinal herbs and 3 genuine medicinal materials including Cordyceps sinensis,musk and Venenum bufonis were found in this investigation.The new distributions of Liangshan Cordyceps and Cordyceps gunnii were found in the investigation,and the new resources of Atypus heterothecus was found in Mountain Emei.There were 140 species of key protection of wild medicinal animals,including 44 species of animals under first-class protection and 96 species of animals under second-class protection.There were 230 species of animals which had important ecological,scientific,and social values,too.Conclusion Sichuan was plenty of medical animal resources and the protection of the forest musk deer,the Cordyceps sinensis and the pangolin was need to be strengthened.