1.Development and application of conversion adapter for ventilator's gas source
Yu CHEN ; Changning SHI ; Chongjian ZHANG
Chinese Medical Equipment Journal 2004;0(07):-
Objective : To realize unifying gas source adapter's standards for different ventilators while the one be connected to different terminal units of central gas source.The ventilators can be used at every clinical department of hospital normally.Methods: A conversion adapter for terminal units of ventilators and central gas source was designed and developed.After experiments on airtightness,the conversion adapter was used and connected into different terminal units for unified format and universality.Results: The conversion adapter for ventilator's gas source was universally adapted to ventilators in all hospital's clinical departments.
2.Discussion on the fixation of medical equipment in the health service train
Yu CHEN ; Hanjun SUN ; Changning SHI ; Chongjian ZHANG
Chinese Medical Equipment Journal 1989;0(01):-
It's important to find good ways to fix medical equipment in the train when designing and re-constructing a healthy se rvice train for modern war.This article points out some methods for references.
3.Effect of sequential biocatalyst addition on Anammox process.
Chongjian TANG ; Ping ZHENG ; Jianwei CHEN
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2011;27(1):1-8
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process is a high-rate nitrogen removal technology that has been applied in sludge dewatering effluents treatment with nitrogen removal rate as high as 9.5 kg/(m x d). However, due to the slow growth rate of the autotrophic Anammox bacteria and the susceptivity to environmental conditions, the start-up of Anammox process is very long; the operation is unstable; and the nitrogen removal from organic-containing and/or toxicant-containing ammonium-rich wastewaters using Anammox process becomes difficult. Thus, the application of this high-rate process is significantly limited. In this paper, a newly-developed Anammox process with sequential biocatalyst (Anammox biomass) addition was established based on the procedure in fermentation engineering. We introduced the Anammox process with sequential biocatalyst addition on start-up, stable operation and the treatment of organic-containing and toxicant-containing ammonium-rich wastewaters. Results show that supplementing high-activity Anammox biomass into reactors will increase the amount of as well as the ratio of Anammox bacteria. Thus, the innovative Anammox process with sequential biocatalyst addition not only accelerates the start-up course, but also enhances the stability of Anammox process. Furthermore, it overcomes the drawbacks of wastewaters containing high organic content and toxic substances. Therefore, the application of Anammox process may be further enlarged.
Bacteria, Anaerobic
;
enzymology
;
growth & development
;
metabolism
;
Biocatalysis
;
Biomass
;
Bioreactors
;
microbiology
;
Enzymes
;
chemistry
;
Nitrogen
;
isolation & purification
;
metabolism
;
Oxidation-Reduction
;
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
;
isolation & purification
;
metabolism
;
Waste Disposal, Fluid
;
methods
4.Performance of lab-scale SPAC anaerobic bioreactor with high loading rate.
Jianwei CHEN ; Chongjian TANG ; Ping ZHENG ; Lei ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2008;24(8):1413-1419
The performance of a novel anaerobic bioreactor, spiral automatic circulation (SPAC) reactor, was investigated in lab-scale. The results showed that the average COD removal efficiency was 93.6% (91.1%-95.7%), with influent concentration increased from 8000 mg/L to 20 000 mg/L, at 30 degrees C and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h. The removal efficiency remained at 96.0%-78.7% when HRT was shortened from 5.95 h to 1.57 h, as the influent concentration was kept constantly at 20 000 mg/L. The highest organic loading rate (OLR), volumetric COD removal rate and volumetric biogas production of the SPAC reactor were 306 gCOD/(L x d), 240 g/(L x d) and 131 L/(L x d), respectively. When increasing influent COD concentration (from 8000 mg/L to 20 000 mg/L), the effluent COD concentration maintained at low level (852 mg/L for average) with volumetric COD removal rate increased by 162% and volumetric biogas production increased by 119%. With reduced HRT (from 5.95 h to 1.57 h), the volumetric COD removal rate and volumetric biogas production were increased by 191% and 195%, respectively. The SPAC reactor shows good performances in adapting the continuous change of influent COD and HRT.
Anaerobiosis
;
Bacteria, Anaerobic
;
metabolism
;
Bioreactors
;
microbiology
;
Computer Simulation
;
Waste Disposal, Fluid
;
instrumentation
;
methods
5.Start-up and process control of a pilot-scale Anammox bioreactor at ambient temperature.
Chongjian TANG ; Ping ZHENG ; Jianwei CHEN ; Xiaoguang CHEN ; Shangxing ZHOU ; Gesheng DING
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2009;25(3):406-412
Start-up and process control of a pilot-scale anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (Anammox) bioreactor were studied at ambient temperature. Inoculated with a mixture of nitrification-denitrification sludge, nitritation sludge, anaerobic floc sludge and anaerobic granular sludge, the pilot-scale Anammox bioreactor was successfully started up within 255 days at 5 degrees C-27 degrees C. The nitrogen removal rate reached 1.30 kg/(m3 x d). Three facets were taken into account to facilitate the process initiation. First, in terms of alkalization in Anammox, influent pH was kept at about 6.8. Besides, nitrite concentration was kept as low as 13-36 mg/L. Finally, 2% (volumetric ratio) of Anammox sludge from lab-scale bioreactors was supplemented to the pilot-scale one.
Ammonia
;
chemistry
;
metabolism
;
Bacteria, Anaerobic
;
metabolism
;
Bioreactors
;
microbiology
;
Nitrites
;
analysis
;
Nitrogen
;
metabolism
;
Oxidation-Reduction
;
Sewage
;
microbiology
;
Waste Disposal, Fluid
;
instrumentation
;
methods
6.Web resources for pharmacogenomics
Xuelin SUN ; Chongjian CHEN ; Hong SHI ; Liping YANG ; Xin HU
Chinese Journal of Geriatrics 2017;36(12):1370-1374
Pharmacogenomics is the study of the impact of genetic variations or genotypes of individuals on their drug responses or drug metabolism.Compared to traditional genomics research,pharmacogenomic research is more closely related to clinical practice.Pharmacogenomic discoveries may effectively assist clinicians and healthcare providers in determining the right drugs and the proper doses for each patient,which can help avoid side effects or adverse reactions and improve the effect of drug therapy.Currently,pharmacogenomic approaches have proved to be valuable when it comes to the use of cardiovascular drugs,antineoplastic drugs,aromatase inhibitors,and agents for infectious diseases.The rapid innovation in sequencing technology and genome-wide association studies has led to the development of numerous data resources and dramatically changed the landscape of pharmacogenomic research.Here we describe some of these web resources along with their names,web links,main contents,and our ratings.
7.The mutation characteristics of drug-resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Qinzhou,Guangxi
Chongjian LI ; Jingui BAO ; Zhuobin CHEN ; Shijuan LI ; Haisong WU ; Ling LIANG
International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 2018;39(8):936-938
Objective To analyze the variation characteristics of rpoB,katG,inhA,rpsL and embB related genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)in Qinzhou,Guangxi.Methods PCR reverse point hybridization was used to detect 5 common resistance mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 237 MTB-DNA positive sputum samples.Results Among 237 cases of tuberculosis patients,72 cases(30.38%)were resistant to the four kinds of anti-TB drugs.The resistance mutation rate of rifampin,isoniazid and streptomycin was 2.53%, 13.92%,3.80%.The top 5 gene mutation detection loci of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were-15M,S531L and 43M.Conclusion The main drug-resistant strains are isoniazid resistance,and the mutation of inhA gene were the major one in Qinzhou,Guangxi.
8.Risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in infants after surgical correction for tetralogy of Fallot
Xiaodong ZENG ; Dandong LUO ; Weizhong ZHU ; Weiping XIONG ; Chunbo CHEN ; Lan WU ; Chongjian ZHANG ; Yong ZHANG ; Xiaohua LI ; Jian ZHUANG ; Jimei CHEN
Chinese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2019;35(8):473-478
Objective To identify the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in infants after surgical correction for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).Methods This study performed at Guangdong general hospital in China,130 infants (less than 12 months,mechanical ventilation time≥48 h) undergoing surgical correction for TOF were included between January 2013 and December 2017.Ventilator-associated pneumonia was defined according to the CDC/NHSN definitions guidelines issued in 2008.T test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used in univariate analysis,and the variables with P < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were added to a multiple logistic regression to identify the risk factors of VAP in infants after surgical correction for Tetralogy of Fallot.The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated as a measure of accuracy.Results A total of 130 infants were included,however,VAP was found in 34 (26.2%) infants.The single variables significantly associated with a risk of VAP were:pre-operative hypoxic,pre-operative pneumonia,pre-operative mechanical ventilation support,prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time,reintubation,pulmonary atelectasis,pleural effusion hydrothorax,prolonged mechanical ventilation support time,low cardiac output and transfusion of erythrocyte concentrate or fresh frozen plasma.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR =1.02),reintubation (OR =16.111),pulmonary atelectasis (OR =8.133),low cardiac output (OR =7.649) and prolonged mechanical ventilation support time (OR =1.014) were independent risk factors for VAP in infants after TOF surgical correction.The area under the curve demonstrates the accuracy of the model.Conclusion The occurrence rate of VAP was high and risk factors for VAP after TOF surgical correction were complex.These results can be used to prevent and reduce the occurrence of VAP.
9.Diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis for mechanical ventilation patients after congenital heart disease surgery by ultrasound: A case crossover study
LUO Dandong ; ZHUANG Jian ; ZHU Weizhong ; WU Lan ; CHEN Miaoyun ; LI Xiaofeng ; LI Liuyuan ; ZHANG Chongjian
Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2018;25(1):45-48
Objective To explore the feasibility of ultrasound diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis in patients with ventilation after congenital heart disease surgery. Methods There were 542 patients with congenital heart disease after surgery, difficult to be weaned off the ventilator or suspected diaphragmatic paralysis of the patients, respectively, in the ventilator continous positive pressure breathing (CPAP) mode and completely independent breathing state, whose ultrasound examination of diaphragm function was conducted to determine the presence of diaphragmatic paralysis in our hospital between January 1, 2013 and April 30, 2016. There were 327 males and 215 females at age of 14±32 months. The results of ultrasound diagnosis between ventilator CPAP mode and completely spontaneous breathing mode were compared. Results Five hundred and forty-two patients underwent ultrasound diaphragmatic examination. The results of bedside ultrasound were completely diagnosed: in completely spontaneous breathing, 82 patients who were diagnosed as diaphragmatic paralysis, including 39 on the right, 25 on the left, 18 on both sides; in CPAP mode, 82 patients who were diagnosed as diaphragmatic paralysis, 38 on the right, left 25, bilateral 19. Using ultrasound in CPAP mode to diagnose diaphragmatic paralysis after congenital heart disease surgery, compared with the completely spontaneous breathing state, the sensitivity was 100.0% and the specificity was 99.9%. Conclusion It is accurate and feasible to diagnose the presence of diaphragmatic paralysis in patients with ventilation after congenital heart disease surgery.