Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Scrophularia buergeriana Miq. (Scrophulariaceae), resulted in the isolation of a new iridoid derivative named as buergerinin (1). Its structure was elucidated as rel-(1R, 5R, 6R)-(2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-6, 7-diyl)dimethoxypropane based mainly on MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses.
Iridoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Scrophularia ; chemistry

Anemia, Hemolytic ; etiology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Trichlorfon ; poisoning

In the face of escalating problems with pathogen control, the development of proper formulations of existing antibiotics is as important as the development of novel antibiotics. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Currently, only injectable solution of daptomycin has been approved for clinical use. In the present study, the formulation of PEGylated liposomal daptomycin (PLD) was prepared and optimized, and its efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA252) strains was investigated. The obtained PLD had a mean vesicle diameter of (111.5 +/- 15.4) nm and a mean percent drug loading of (5.81 +/- 0.19) % with high storage stability. Potent activity of PLD against MRSA was demonstrated in vitro with a more sustained effect than that of conventional liposomal daptomycin and daptomycin solution. In addition, intravenous administration of a single dose (equal to human use) of PLD significantly increased the survival of mice in a MRSA252 systemic infection model compared with other formulations. Drug distribution in the lung was significantly enhanced following administration of PLD, and no measurable tissue lesions or pathological changes were detected during PLD treatment. Taken together, PEGylated liposomes loaded with daptomycin may represent a promising approach to reduce MRSA252 infections, especially those involving bloodstream dissemination, such as hematogenous pulmonary infection.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Daptomycin ; pharmacology ; Liposomes ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Mice ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy

Based on the different permeability of DNA-intercalant dyes YO-PRO-1(YP) and propidium iodide (PI) to the membrane of viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells, cell samples were stained with 4?mol/L YP and 4?g/ml PI for 10 min, and the fluorescence intensity of both YP and PI were measured by fluorometer at Ex/Em wavelength of 485/538nm and 530/590nm, respectively. The correlation between YP fluorescence intensity and the apoptotic cell number was confirmed by fluorescence microscope and linear regression(r=0.999,P

Adult ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; physiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Schizophrenia ; physiopathology

By using the cell density, cell viability, size distribution of cell aggregates,specific consumption rate of glucose (q_ glc ), specific production rate of lactate (q_ lac ), lactate transform rate (Y_ lac/glc ) and amino acids utilization as the evaluation indexes, the growth and metabolism of HEK293 cells under carrier-free immobilization culture mode were examined and compared with those of HEK293 cells cultured in static tissue flasks. It was found that HEK293 cells grown as suspended cell aggregates in spinner flasks maintained the basic growth and metabolism characteristics of HEK293 cells in stationary anchored culture, and HEK293 cells under carrier-free immobilization culture mode as suspended aggregates in stirred bioreactor facilitate perfusion performance and increase unit productivity. Cultivation of HEK293 cells in carrier-free immobilization culture mode has potential for further improving mammalian cells culture technique.

BACKGROUND:Currently, there is no explicit evidence-based medicine evidence to prove the merits or demerits of absorbable materials in the treatment of fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacies of open reduction with absorbable material versus open reduction with Kirschner wire fixation for lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in children.METHODS:WanFang, VIP, CNKI, CBMdisc, EMbase, PubMed were retrieved for controlled trials concerning open reduction with absorbable material versus open reduction with Kirschner wire fixation for treating lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in children. After data extraction and quality evaluations, RevMan 5.3 software was used for systematic review. Postoperative functional recovery of the elbow joint, average hospitalization expenses, adverse events, delayed union, postoperative infection, nerve injury and deformity of the elbow were compared in patients undergoing different treatments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of seven articles, involving 449 children with lateral condylar fracture of the humerus, were included for this Meta-analysis. Children in test group received open reduction with absorbable material, while those in control group were subjected to open reduction with Kirschner wire fixation. For treating lateral condylar fracture of the humerus in children, no significant inter-group difference existed in the aspects of postoperative functional recovery of the elbow joint [odds ratio (OR)=0.72, 95％ confidence interval (CI) (0.37, 1.41),P=0.34]; postoperative delayed union [OR=0.46, 95％CI(0.16, 1.30),P=0.14]; deformity of the elbow [OR=0.70, 95％CI (0.24, 2.10),P=0.53]. Less adverse events and postoperative infections were observed in the test group compared with the control group [OR=0.17, 95％CI (0.08, 0.38),P < 0.0001;OR=0.09, 95％CI (0.02, 0.38),P=0.001]. However, up to now, we knew of no comparable data concerning average hospitalization expenses and indicators for nerve injury between the two groups. To conclude, compared with Kirschner wire fixation, open reduction with absorbable material can achieve similar effects on lateral condylar fractures of the humerus, but has better effects to prevent adverse events and postoperative infection. Further investigation on large-scale, double-blind, high-quality randomized controlled trials is warranted for confirming our results.

Objective:To analyze the positioning deviation of two different body position fixing methods for hepatic carcinoma patients by meta-voltage computed tomography (MVCT) .Methods:The positioning data of 40 hepatic carcinoma patients treated by helical tomotherapy during March to October ,2015 in our Department of Radiotherapy were collected and divided into two groups :users of carbon fiber fixator with vacuum pad (Group C) and users of the vacuum bag (Group V) . MVCT scan was performed before each treatment ,and the amount of both linear and rotary positioning deviation was obtained . The two sets of data were compared through mean functional t-test .Finally ,PTV extended boundary was calculated according to the extension formula M=2 .5Σ+0 .7δ.Results:From deviation direction of linear positioning ,the differences of X-axis and Z-axis on two sets of data had statistical significance (t=22 .02 ,2 .56;P=0 .04 ,0 .01 ;P<0 .05) .From deviation direction of rotary positioning ,the differences of Pitch and Yaw on two sets of data also had statistical significance (t=22 .16 ,2 .26 ;P=0 .03 ,0 .02 ;P<0 .05) .PTV extended boundary of Group V were 8 .29 mm ,9 .87 mm and 7 .72 mm .PTV extended boundary of Group C were 4 .81 mm ,5 .27 mm and 4 .57 mm .Conclusions:In helical tomotherapy ,MVCT image guidance technology could enhance the accuracy of radiotherapy for hepatic carcinoma patients .Compared with vacuum bag ,carbon fiber fixator could fix the patients better ,which could reduce positioning deviation and PTV boundary .

Objective:To evaluate the safety and primary outcome of stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) for the consolidation treatment in patients with residual hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods:From December 2012 to December 2015, clinical data of sixteen patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received TACE combination with SBRT in Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University were analyzed retrospectively.The median age was 55 years (range 41-80 years),and the residual tumor was single (the median diameter was 2.8 cm).All cases were performed by 4-dimensional CT positioning, showing the visible residual tumor lesions.Image guided-radiation therapy was used, total irradiation doses ranged from 48 Gy to 50 Gy in 5 to 10 fractions, and the supportive treatment was administrated during SBRT.Tumor responses were evaluated using the modified Response Evaluation and Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST).Results:All of 16 cases completed SBRT.Based on mRECIST, 9 patients (56.3%) achieved complete response (CR), 6 cases (37.5%) achieved partial response (PR), but there were 1 patient (6.25%) with stable disease (SD)and no patient with progressive disease (PD) in radiation field.The overall objective response rate (CR+PR) was 93.8%.The overall survival (OS) rate at 1, 2, and 3 years was 100%, 93.6% and 93.6%, respectively.No radiation-induced liver disease was appeared.Conclusions:SBRT is safety and effective to treat patients with residual hepatocellular carcinoma after TACE.TACE combination with SBRT, as an effective combination for the treatment of advanced liver cancer, is worthy of further study.

BACKGROUNDThe neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) rat model has been proposed as an experimental model for schizophrenia. NVHL rats display impaired central nervous system (CNS) inhibition, which may lead to a phenomenon similar to P50 sensory gating deficits observed in schizophrenic patients. In this study, we investigated whether sensory gating deficits occurred in the NVHL rat as a model for schizophrenia.

METHODSWe created the NVHL rat model using ibotenate. The P20 and N40 were measured to assess sensory response and gating in NVHL and sham rats. Epidural electrodes recorded evoked potentials (EPs), from which latencies, amplitudes, difference scores (S1-S2), and gating ratios (S2/S1) were assessed.

RESULTSCompared with sham controls, prolonged S1 N40 latency and decreased S2 N40 amplitude were detected in the NVHL group. In neither difference scores nor gating ratios, a significant difference was found between NVHL group and sham controls.

CONCLUSIONSNVHL rats may be a valid animal model for schizophrenia. This strategy will be useful in future neurobiological studies investigating the etiology of schizophrenia.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Central Nervous System ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; drug effects ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Ibotenic Acid ; toxicity ; Rats ; Schizophrenia ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Sensory Gating ; drug effects