Asthma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; China ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards

Airway Remodeling ; Asthma ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Child ; Humans

Bacteremia ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Pseudomonas Infections ; pathology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Femur ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Osteochondroma ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Acetates ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Bronchiolitis, Viral ; drug therapy ; Cysteine ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Leukotrienes ; biosynthesis ; Nasopharynx ; secretion ; Quinolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; virology ; Risk Factors

Objective To analyze and evaluate the efficay of split liver transplantation in children.Method From September 2006 to December 2014,210 children were treated with liver transplantation in Tianjin First Central Hospital.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and the difference in postoperative survival was compared between the groups.The 210 childrens were categorized into living donor liver transplantation group (183 cases) and split liver transplantation group (27 cases) based on their operation styles.In living group,all donors to recipients were immediate relatives within three generations.In split group,all donors were men,and livers were obtained from no heartbeat donors.Postoperatively,tacrolimus combined a duplex of prednisolone served as immunosuppression scheme.The survival and incidence of complications were observed.Result There was significant difference in the sex ratio between two groups (P＜0.05).The donor liver cold ischemia time was significantly longer in split group than in living group (P＜0.05).The 1-month,6-month,1-year and 2-year overall survival rate in 210 recipients was 99.5％,98.1％,96.2％ and 94.2％ respectively.The median follow-up time in living group and split group was 15.2months and 26.1 months,respectively.The 1-mont,6-month,1-year and 2-year survival rate was 99.5％,96.7％,92.6％ and 74.1 ％ in living group,and 97.8％,96.2％,77.8％ and 74.0％ in split group,respectively (P＜0.05).During the follow-up period,8 cases died (29.6％) in split group (5deaths due to infection and sepsis,and 3 deaths due to multiple organ failure),and 10 cases died (5.5％) in living group (6 deaths due to infection and sepsis,and 4 deaths due to multiple organ failure).Conclusion In the case of strict selection of donors,split liver transplantation can obtain good effect,but the incidence of complications is higher than living donor liver transplantation.Especially,the biliary complications should be prevented and managed actively.

AIM To prepare the transdermal drug delivery system of carbon nanotubes graft ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2 nanoemulsion.METHODS After 0.5％ carbon nanotubes' dispersion into the prepared nanoemulsion,the combination state was observed under transmission electron microscope.The skin irritation and transdermal mechanism of this drug delivery system were investigated.Then the UVA-damaged mouse skin model was established to evaluate the antioxidant activity.RESULTS Carbon nanotubes had strong adsorption to nanoemulsion,together with the formation of drug storage cavern in epidermis,thus increased the transdermal osmotic quantities of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2.The SOD activity in mouse skin tissue in the drug delivery system group was higher than that in the model group and the nanoemulsion group (P ＜0.01),and the MDA content was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION The transdermal drug delivery system of carbon nanotubes graft ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2 nanoemulsion can make drugs play an antioxidant role because of its less irritation to skin and better skin permeability.

Fluorescence enhancement reaction of flavoxate hydrochloride (FX) in strong alkali solution was studied, the mechanism of the reaction was investigated, and a novel fluorimetric method for analysis of FX in drug sample was established. FX has no intrinsic fluorescence, but it can slowly produce fluorescence in strong alkali solution. Heating can promote the fluorescence enhancement reaction. In 3D fluorescence spectra of the decomposition product of FX, two fluorescence peaks, located respectively at excitation wavelengths λex/ emission wavelength λem =223/410 nm, and 302/410 nm, were observed. Using quinine sulfate as a reference, fluorescence quantum yield of the decomposition product was measured to be 0.50. The structural characteriza- tion and spectral analysis of the decomposition product reveal that ester bond hydrolysis reaction of FX is firstly occurred during heating process, forming 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid (MFA), then a cleavage reaction of the γ-pyrone ring of MFA occurred, producing α, β-unsaturated ketone. This product includes adjacent hydroxyl benzoic acid group in its molecule, which can form intramolecular hydrogen bond under alkaline condition, so that increase the conjugate degree and enhance the rigidity of the molecule, and thereby cause fluorescence enhancement. Based on this fluorescence enhancement reaction, a fluorimetric method was proposed for the determination of FX. A linear calibration curve covered the concentration range 0.020 3-0.487 µg · mL. The regression equation was I(F) = 23.9 + 5357.3 c, with correlation coefficient r = 0.999 7 (n = 8), detection limit D = 1.1 ng · mL(-1). The method was applied to the analysis of FX tablets, with a spiked recovery rate of 100.2%. The reliability of the method was verified by a UV-spectrophotometric method.
Alkalies ; Calibration ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Flavoxate ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Fluorescence ; Limit of Detection ; Reproducibility of Results ; Solutions ; Tablets