OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of different modes of lymphadenectomies in the surgical treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) in order to provide evidence for reasonable selection of lymphadenectomy for the ECG.

METHODSThe clinicopathological data of 325 EGC patients were reviewed. The lymph node metastasis (LNM) rate of different levels and the efficiency of different modes of lymphadenectomies were analyzed, and the correlation between LNM and clinicopathological features were analyzed either.

RESULTSThe overall LNM rate in the EGC was 14.8%, and the overall LNM degree was 3.0%. In the ECG located in the lower third of the stomach, the rate of first level nodal involvement was 14.5%, which was detected in the No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 station of draining lymph nodes for the stomach; and it was 6.9% in the second level lymph nodes which were seen in the No.7 and No. 8a station. There was rare metastasis in the No. 1, No. 9, No. 11p, No. 12a and No. 14v station. In the ECG located in the middle third of the stomach, the rate of first level nodal involvement was 13.8% , which was found in the No. 1, No. 3, No. 5 and No. 6 station, and it was 6.9% in the second level nodes only seen in the No. 7 and No. 8a station. The LNM rate was significantly higher in the lesion larger than 3.0 cm in diameter, or having submucosa invasion, or being poorly differentiated, or with lymphatic involvement than that of the lesion smaller than 3.0 cm in diameter, without mucosa invasion or lymphatic involvement, or being well differentiated (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBased on our data, it is suggested that the D1 or D1 + lymphadenectomy of the No. 7 station of lymph node may be suitable for the lesion smaller than 1.0 cm in diameter or only located in the mucosa; the D1 + lymphadenectomy of the No. 7 and No. 8a station of lymph nodes may be suitable for the lesion larger than 1.0 cm in diameter, or being depressed type or with submucosa invasion in the middle and/or lower third of the stomach. For the lesion larger than 3.0 cm in diameter, the No. 1 and No. 9 station lymph node should be dissected. It is also suggested that regular D2/ D3 lymphadenectomy should be avoided in the surgical treatment for the early gastric cancer whenever the tumor situation is suitable.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the safety of the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells(PBSC)by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)in elderly donors.Methods 28 peripheral arteriosclerotic occlusive disease(PAOD)elderly patients(aged≥60 years),and 29 healthy sibling young/adult donors(aged＜60 years)for peripheral allogenic stem cell transplantation were included.Blood samples were collected immediately before starting G-CSF and prior to PBSC collection to analyze the following parameters:the WBC counts,fibrinogen(FIB),D-dimer (D-D),thrombin antithrombin complex(TAT),antithrombin(AT)and yon Willebrand factor antigen(vWF:Ag). Results It had a very significant increase in D-D and vWF:Ag and a very significant decrease of AT(P＜0.01),af- ter mobilization by G-CSF,and a increase in FIB and TAT were also observed(P＜0.05,P＜0.01)in elderly group.In the young/aduh group,the increase in FIB was significant(P＜0.05).The elevating extent of D-D and TAT after G-CSF administration was significantly higher in elderly group than that in young/adult group(P＜0.05).Compared to young/adult group,there was a significant increase in thrombotic events and cerebrovascular ac- cident(P＜0.05).Conclusion In PBCS donorsreceiving G-CSF it reveals activation of both coagulation and en- dothelial cells and inhibition of anticoagulant system that can favor the developing of thrombotic events,which is more remarkable in elderly donors.Therefore a careful monitoring for coagulation system should be considered in those elderly cases.

As an essential metal for sustaining life,iron is involved in a number of metabolic processes,including DNA synthesis,electron transport,oxygen delivery,and so on.Iron metabolism involves the absorption,transport,and use of iron and is strictly regulated.Numerous studies have found a positive correlation between iron storage and the risk of tumors,such as colorectal carcinoma,hepatic cancer,renal carcinoma,lung cancer,and gastric cancer.In tumor cells,iron metabolism changes by several mechanisms,such as regulating the growth of tumor cells by transferrin,accelerating the uptake of iron by the overexpressions of transferrin receptors1 and 2(TfR1 and TfR2),synthesizing or secreting ferritin by some malignant tumor cells,and upregulating the level of hepcidin in patients with cancer.Some advances on diagnosis and treatment based on iron metabolism have been achieved,such as increasing the transfection and target efficiency of transferrin-polyethylenimine(PEI),inducing cell apoptosis by β-guttiferin through interacting with TfR1.

OBJECTIVETo objectively evaluate the practical significance of different extended surgeries in early gastric cancer(EGC) patients, and to choose reasonable gastrectomies and lymphadenectomies.

METHODSA total of 217 EGC patients were investigated undergone normalized D2 or above extended surgery and their clinicopathological data were recorded in detail. The efficiency of the extended lymphadenectomies, complications and operation causes were analyzed, and the correlation between the group 2 lymph node metastasis (LNM) and clinicopathological factors were assessed, too.

RESULTSThere was no nodal involvement in the No.5 and No.6 lymph nodes among the total gastrectomy in the upper third of the stomach, neither was in the No.10, 11p and 11d lymph nodes among the combined splenectomy, and neither was in the No.15 lymph nodes among the combined transverse mesocolon resection in the lower third of the stomach. There was no distant nodal involvement in the EGC. Above all, most of them were mistaken for advanced gastric cancer preoperatively and intraoperatively, the operation time was longer and the blood loss was more during operation. Among the resected nodes of group 2 in the lower third of the stomach, metastasis was not found in the No.11p, 12a and 14v lymph nodes. The rate of the No.7 and 8a nodal involvement in the submucosa cancer was higher than that in the mucosa cancer(P<0.05) and so did the No.7 in the lymphatic penetration positive(P<0.001). The No.1 and No.13 nodal involvement were only seen in the high risk cases, such as submucosa cancer, the lesion diameter more than 3.0 cm, depressed type and lymphatic involvement.

CONCLUSIONIt is not necessary to execute total gastrectomy in the upper third of the stomach, combined organ resection (such as splenectomy, transverse mesocolon resection), and distant lymph node dissection in the EGC. In the lower third of the stomach, the No.11p 12a and 14v lymph nodes shouldn't be dissected. With respect to the high risk nodal involvement cases in the lower third of the stomach, the No.1 lymph nodes should be dissected and so does the No.13 lymph nodes if it's tumefied. It is the key point of reasonable operation to exactly diagnose the EGC before and during the surgery.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

As an essential metal for sustaining life, iron is involved in a number of metabolic processes, including DNA synthesis, electron transport, oxygen delivery, and so on. Iron metabolism involves the absorption, transport, and use of iron and is strictly regulated. Numerous studies have found a positive correlation between iron storage and the risk of tumors, such as colorectal carcinoma, hepatic cancer, renal carcinoma, lung cancer, and gastric cancer. In tumor cells, iron metabolism changes by several mechanisms, such as regulating the growth of tumor cells by transferrin, accelerating the uptake of iron by the overexpressions of transferrin receptors 1 and 2 (TfR1 and TfR2), synthesizing or secreting ferritin by some malignant tumor cells, and upregulating the level of hepcidin in patients with cancer. Some advances on diagnosis and treatment based on iron metabolism have been achieved, such as increasing the transfection and target efficiency of transferrin-polyethylenimine (PEI), inducing cell apoptosis by beta-guttiferin through interacting with TfR1.
Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Antigens, CD ; genetics ; metabolism ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Ferritins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Hepcidins ; Humans ; Interleukin-18 ; pharmacology ; Iron ; metabolism ; physiology ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptors, Transferrin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transferrin ; metabolism ; physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the status of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and reasonable procedure in early gastric cancer (EGC).

METHODSTwo hundred and ninety-two patients with histologically proven mucosal or submucosal gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy/lymphadenectomy were included in this study. The numbers of total dissected lymph node were all above 15 in all patients. The clinical characteristics, pathologic features, and LNM were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.

RESULTSLNM were observed in 43 of 292 cases (14.7%), and 6.4% in mucosal lesions and 22.4% in submucosal lesions. The LNM was identified in 12.7% at the first level, 7.2% at the second level and 0.34% at the third level. The LNM frequency was found in the 6, 3, 4, 1, 5 lymph node (from high to low) consequently at the first level and the 7, 8a lymph node at the second level. The EGC with nodal involvement and the tumors < 2.0 cm in diameter were all depressed type. The diameter of elevated type with LNM was no less than 3.0 cm in this series. The depth of invasion and lymphatic vessel involvement were independent influencing factors in LNM on multivariate analysis (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLess extensive surgery might be considered for the elevated type EGC, and tumors 3.0 cm in diameter. With respect to the depressed type EGC/tumors > 3.0 cm in diameter, gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is proper.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

AIMTo study the antitumor peptide components in the stems and leaves of mistletoe (Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai), the primary structure of the novel peptide was elucidated.

METHODSCation exchange, gel filtration and HPLC were employed for isolation and purification. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry was used to determine the mass. The complete amino acid sequence of the novel peptide was obtained by Edman degradation combined with enzyme digestion. The antitumor activity of the peptide in vitro was studied with MTT method.

RESULTSThe primary stucture of the peptide named as viscotoxin B2 is KSCCKNTTGRNIYNTCRFAGGSRERCAKLSGCKIISASTCPSDYPK. The IC50 value of viscotoxin B2 on the Rat Osteoblast-like Sarcoma 17/2.8 cells in vitro is 1.6 mg x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONViscotoxin B2 in V. coloratum, which has high similarity with viscotoxins from V. album, showed antitumor activity.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology ; Peptides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; drug effects ; Viscum ; chemistry

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rabies ; epidemiology

Objective Using Ginkgo biloba extract injection as control drug,to systematically review the efficacy and safety of Shuxuetong Injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Methods Database including PubMed,Medline,CNKI,VIP and WanFang Data were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Shuxuetong Injection versus G.biloba extract injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction from database setup time to July of 2016.Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies.The meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.2 software.Results Total of 11 RCTs,1 338 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that Shuxuetong Injection was significantly better than G.biloba extract injection in clinical total effective rate [RR =1.17,95％CI(1.11,1.23),P ＜ 0.01],reducing neurological deficit score [MD =-4.46,95％CI (-6.07,-3.25),P ＜ 0.01] and improving life ability score [MD =13.98,95％CI (11.30,16.65),P ＜ 0.01],there was no serious adverse reaction in both groups.Conclusion Current evidence shows that Shuxuetong Injection is effective and safe in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction better than G.biloba extract injection.

This study was aimed to investigate the reversible effect of cyclosporine A, raloxifene and their combination on multidrug resistance cell line K562/A02. The IC(50) (the concentration causing 50% inhibition of cell growth) of DNR were assayed by MTT method, the expression level of mdr-1 mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR, p-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and intracellular DNR concentration were detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that the IC(50) of DNR on K562/A02 and K562 cells were 23.51 mg/L and 0.29 mg/L, respectively. The IC(50) of DNR on K562/A02 cells in treatment with raloxifene CsA and both combination were 5.98, 8.15 and 3.68 mg/L respectively, but both drugs not influenced IC(50) of DNR on K562 cells. Pretreating K562/A02 cells with raloxifene (2.5 mg/L) or CsA (1 mg/L) for 48 hours partially restored the sensitivity of K562/A02 cells to DNR. Cyclosporine A and raloxifene (alone or combination) elevated the intracellular DNR concentration in K562/A02, down regulated P-gp and mdr-1 mRNA expressions. It is concluded that multidrug resistance (MDR) can be partially reversed by CsA or raloxifene, the combination of both drugs shows a great synergistic reversal effect.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride ; pharmacology