Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Thrombosis ; etiology

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasonography(EUS)-guided fine-needle aspi-ration(FNA)in diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods:EUS-guided FNA was used in16patients suspected of lung cancer of sub-mucosal and parabronchial structures.Bronchoscopic methods failed to detect any abnormality in them.Results:Final diag-noses were made in15patients,including8cases of bronchopulmonary adenocarcinoma,4cases of bronchopulmonary squa-mous carcinoma and3cases of lymphatic metastasis of bronchral adenocarcinoma.The sensitivity of EUS-guided FNA was 93.8%. There was no severe complications associated with the use of EUS.No patients developed bleeding or pneumatotho rax.Conclusion:EUS is useful in detecting pathologic changes in the submucosal and parabronchial structures.EUS guided FNA is accurate and safe for diagnosis of lung cancer,especially in small nodes.

Objective To observe the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA and the change of cerebral edema after diffuse brain injury in rats and discuss their correlation.Methods Marmaruu's diffuse brain injury model of rat was made.Real-time quantitative RT-PCR,dry-wet meth- od,histological techniques and electron microscope were used to determine the expressions of MMP-9 containing water in brain tissue and inflammatory reaction and uhrastructural changes of blood capillary at different time phases after truama.Results The expressions of MMP-9 mRNA started to increase at 1 hour,peaked at 12 hours(P

In the face of escalating problems with pathogen control, the development of proper formulations of existing antibiotics is as important as the development of novel antibiotics. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Currently, only injectable solution of daptomycin has been approved for clinical use. In the present study, the formulation of PEGylated liposomal daptomycin (PLD) was prepared and optimized, and its efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA252) strains was investigated. The obtained PLD had a mean vesicle diameter of (111.5 +/- 15.4) nm and a mean percent drug loading of (5.81 +/- 0.19) % with high storage stability. Potent activity of PLD against MRSA was demonstrated in vitro with a more sustained effect than that of conventional liposomal daptomycin and daptomycin solution. In addition, intravenous administration of a single dose (equal to human use) of PLD significantly increased the survival of mice in a MRSA252 systemic infection model compared with other formulations. Drug distribution in the lung was significantly enhanced following administration of PLD, and no measurable tissue lesions or pathological changes were detected during PLD treatment. Taken together, PEGylated liposomes loaded with daptomycin may represent a promising approach to reduce MRSA252 infections, especially those involving bloodstream dissemination, such as hematogenous pulmonary infection.

In the face of escalating problems with pathogen control, the development of proper formulations of existing antibiotics is as important as the development of novel antibiotics. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Currently, only injectable solution of daptomycin has been approved for clinical use. In the present study, the formulation of PEGylated liposomal daptomycin (PLD) was prepared and optimized, and its efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA252) strains was investigated. The obtained PLD had a mean vesicle diameter of (111.5 +/- 15.4) nm and a mean percent drug loading of (5.81 +/- 0.19) % with high storage stability. Potent activity of PLD against MRSA was demonstrated in vitro with a more sustained effect than that of conventional liposomal daptomycin and daptomycin solution. In addition, intravenous administration of a single dose (equal to human use) of PLD significantly increased the survival of mice in a MRSA252 systemic infection model compared with other formulations. Drug distribution in the lung was significantly enhanced following administration of PLD, and no measurable tissue lesions or pathological changes were detected during PLD treatment. Taken together, PEGylated liposomes loaded with daptomycin may represent a promising approach to reduce MRSA252 infections, especially those involving bloodstream dissemination, such as hematogenous pulmonary infection.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Daptomycin ; pharmacology ; Liposomes ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Mice ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy

Objective AMI is a prevalent global health condition.This study assessed the effects of PLGF and VEGF in a rat model of post-AMI.Methods Wistar rats underwent LAD ligation and injection of VEGF,PLGF,VEGF + PLGF,antiVEGFR1,anti-VEGFR2,anti-VEGFR1 + anti-VEGFR2,IgG2α,or saline,into the infarct border zone.We also set up a pseudo-operation group.Two weeks later,heart function was detected by hemodynamic and geometry,then the hearts were dis sected and HE stained.We assessed vW factor and α-SMA by immunohistochemistry and cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate by TUNEL.Results Rats in the VEGF + PLGF group performed significantly well in cardiac function,had weaker LV remodeling and less cardiomyocyte apoptosis.There were no obvious changes in VEGF group.The use of VEGFR1/VEGFR2 antibody didnt deteriorate the rat's cardiac function.More new-born arteries were seen in PLGF and VEGF + PLGF rats,and change wasnt found in other groups.Lastly,the most angiogenesis,the least left ventricular remodeling and the best heart function were observed in VEGF + PLGF group.Conclusion Earlier intervention with PLGF or VEGF + PLGF can improve heart function in rats with AMI; VEGF alone didnt improve heart function.VEGFR1/VEGFR2 antibody didnt aggravate the rat's heart function.This indicates that left ventricular and coronary remodeling may involve other factors.

To prepare the hawthorn leaves flavonoids self-microemulsifying membrane controlled-release coated drop pill, and to study its release rate in vitro and pharmacokinetics study in vivo. In order to improve the dissolution of hawthorn leaves flavonoids, self-microemulsifying technology was used to prepare the hawthorn leaves flavonoids self-microemulsion. Hawthorn leaves flavonoids self-microemulsifying drop pill was prepared with the PEG 6000. Studies were made on the in vitro release of flavonoids from hawthorn leaves self-micro-emulsifying membrane-moderated coated drop pills and the in vivo pharmacokinetic in rats. The prescription of flavonoids from hawthorn leaves self-micro-emulsifying drop pills was 0.25 g of flavonoids from hawthorn leaves, 0.25 g of iodophenyl maleimide, 0.375 g of polyethylene glycol 400, 0.375 g of cremophor RH 40 and 2 g of polyethylene glycol 6000. The optimized prescription was 4 g of ethyl cellulose 20, 0.64 g of polyethylene glycol 400, 1.8 g of diethyl phthalate, and the weight of coating materials increased by 3.5%. Flavonoids from hawthorn leaves self-micro-emulsifying membrane-moderated coated drop pills complied with the design of sustained-release in 12 h in terms of in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters in rats, and its bioavailability was 2.47 times of quick-release drop pills. Slightly soluble flavonoids from hawthorn leaves could be made into sustained-release preparations by the self-micro-emulsifying and coating technology.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Crataegus ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

We have studied general patient characteristics, the early and late postoperative complications associated with each procedure and the results of urodynamic studies in 29 patients who had received various kinds of urinary diversion at the Dept. of Urology, Dong-A University Hospital from May 1990 to May l994. The results are as follows. 1. Of 29 urinary diversions, ileal conduit was performed in 18 patients, appendicoureterocutaneostomy in 2, Indiana pouch in 8 and rectal pouch in l. The surgical indications were bladder tumor in 28 and pelvic actinomycosis in 1 2. Sex ratio between male and female was 22:7. Average age according to each procedure was 67,4 years old in ileal conduit group, 62.5 years old in appendicoureterocutaneostomy, 54.3 years old in lndiana pouch, and 33.0 years old in rectal pouch. Average operative time ranged from 275.5 to 647.5 minutes. with lndiana pouch group taking maximum time and appendicoureterocutaneostomy group taking the least time. 3. There was no change in postoperative renal function and serum electrolytes. Concerning the period of hospital stay, ileal conduit in 21.3 days, Indiana pouch group was 28.7 and appendicoureterocutaneostomy in 20.5 days being the shortest of all. 4. Wound infection was most common early postoperative complication occurring in 5 out of 29 patients. Anastomotic leakage was seen in 2 out of 18 ileal conduits, 2 paralytic ileus in ilea1 conduit and lndiana pouch each. 5. Six months postoperative cystometric studies show the average volume and average reservoir pressure of 533.3ml and 22.7cmH2O in lndiana pouch and 38.0cmH2O in rectal pouch which is greater than the maximum intraluminal pressure. In conclusion, the author believes that the urologic surgeon should be familiar with several procedures, because these procedures should be tailored to the patient's anatomy, prior surgery, renal function and preference.
Actinomycosis ; Anastomotic Leak ; Electrolytes ; Female ; Humans ; Indiana ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Sex Ratio ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Diversion* ; Urodynamics ; Urology ; Wound Infection

To ensure the quality and safety of Panax notoginseng, a method for the simultaneous determination of 10 mycotoxins in Panax notoginseng was developed using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified by HLB multifunction cleanup column. The separation was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 column by gradient elution using methanol and 5 mmol·L(-1) ammonium acetate as mobile phase. The targeted compounds were detected in MRM mode by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in both positive and negative ionization modes. The linear relationships of the 10 mycotoxins were good in their respective linear ranges. The correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.9981 to 1.0000. The LOQs of the 10 mycotoxins were between 0.15 and 8.6 μg·kg(-1). The average recoveries ranged from 73.8% to 107.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.10%-10.9%. The results demonstrated that the proposed method was sensitive and accurate, and suitable for the mycotoxins quantification in Panax notoginseng.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drug Contamination ; Mycotoxins ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

BACKGROUND: Compared with the traditional organic fluorescent dyes, quantum dots present good biomarker characteristics. Especially, quantum dots for cell labeling and targeted bioimaging present unique optical properties.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with mononuclear macrophages.METHODS: The macrophages RAW264.7 were inoculated into 96-well plates containing 0, 50, 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for 1 or 2 hours. Then, the fluorescent signal was detected by flow cytometry. After 0-24 hours of culture,the fluorescence signal intensity of the macrophages cultured with 50 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots was detected by flow cytometry. After 18 hours of culture, quantitative PCR was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in macrophages, and macrophage proliferation cell apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fluorescence signal intensity was positively correlated with the mass concentration of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, and the intensity of the fluorescent signal was increased with the labeling time. After labeling using 50 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, the fluorescence signal of macrophages increased continuously with time, and reached the peak at 18 hours. Compared with 0 mg/L quantum dot group, 50, 100mg/L quantum dot groups could significantly promote the expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in macrophages (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).The level of tumor necrosis factor α in the 100 mg/L quantum dot group was higher than that in the 50 mg/L quantum dot group (P < 0.01). The expression of interleukin-1β showed no difference between 50 and 100 mg/L quantum dot groups.The cell proliferation in the 50 and 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dot groups was significantly higher than that in the 0 mg/L quantum dot group (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the former two groups. In addition, 50 and 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots had no significant effect on apoptosis of macrophages. To conclude, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots could activate macrophages and promote their proliferation and secretion of inflammatory factors, but did not affect their apoptosis.