Objective To confirm the vancomycin loaded gelatin/β-TCP composite porous scaffolds could be used as sustained-release system,and investigate its efficiency of eliminating infections and repairing bone defects for the treatment of infected bone defects in rabbit.Methods The biodegradable gelatin sponge containing different contents (0,10％,30％,50％) of β-tricalcium phosphate ceramic (β-TCP) was prepared for the controlled-release of vancomycin and labeled with G-0 TCP,G-10 TCP,G-30 TCP and G-50 TCP respectively.Examinations of scanning electron microscopy,porosity analyses and mechanical test were performed.The K-B method was used to investigate the controlled release of vancomycin.Chronic Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis models of rabbit were established.After thorough debridement,the infected bone defects were treated in four different groups:blank control group,G-0 TCP group,G-10 TCP group,and G-30 TCP group.At 4 and 8 weeks after implantation,X-ray and histological examinations were carried out to investigate the efficiency of eliminating infections and repairing bone defects.Results The prepared gelatin/β-TCP scaffold exhibited a homogeneously interconnected-3-D porous structure.And the β-TCP granules were localized evenly on the walls of the composite scaffold.There were no significant differences in the pore size of different scaffolds.However,the β-TCP granules can improve the interconnection.The porosity exhibited an obvious increase in G-10 TCP and G-30 TCP composite scaffolds compared with G-0 TCP scaffold.In contrast,too high content of β-TCP granules decreased the porosity.And the porosity exhibited an obvious reduction in the G-50 TCP composite scaffold.The compressive modulus of the vancomycin loaded scaffolds increased with the increase of the β-TCP amount.The scaffold G-0 TCP exhibited the longest duration of vancomycin release and the duration reached 8 weeks.With the increased content of β-TCP granules,the release duration shortened obviously.Compared with the G-50 TCP composite scaffold,the G-10 TCP and G-30 TCP composite scaffolds revealed a better controlled release of the drugs,and the total amount of the drugs was released within 7 weeks.However,the total amount of vancomycin released from the G-50 TCP composite scaffold lasted for 3 weeks.In the treatment of chronic MRSA osteomyelitis of rabbits,the G-30 TCP composite scaffold showed a better performance in the eliminating infections and bone defects repair.At 8 weeks after implantation,signs of osteomyelitis,including osteolysis,development of periosteal reactions,and sequestral bone formation were observed in the animals of blank control group.Signs of infection were absent in other treatment group.In the group treated with G-30 TCP composite scaffold,the bonedefects were repaired completely at 8 weeks after implantation.However,in the groups treated with G-0 TCP and G-10 TCP composite scaffold,the bone defects were not repaired.Conclusion The composite scaffolds could achieve local therapeutic drug levels over an extended duration.And the gelatin with 30％ β-TCP granules composite scaffold had optimal porosity,interconnection,mechanical properties and controlled release performances.It exhibited good performances in infection control and bone defect repair in the chronic MRSA osteomyelitis model.

OBJECTIVETo examine the saponins constituents in roots of Panax quinquefolium cultivated in China.

METHODThe methanol extract from roots of P. quinquefolium cultivated in Jiling province of China was extracted by chloroform and n-butanol successively. Ten pure saponins were isolated from the n-butanol extract by silica gel and RP-8 reversed-phase column chromatography. Their structures were identified by means of spectral methods and compared with known compounds.

RESULTTen saponins were isolated from P. quinquefolium. They were identified as ginsenoside Rg1(2), Re(5), Rd(7), Rc(8), Rb1(9), Rb2(10), 24(R)-ginsenoside Rg3(3), 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside RT5(1), F11(4) and notoginsenoside K(6), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThis work has elucidated the saponins constituents of P. quinquefolium cultivated in Jilin province of China and has shown that compound 1 was isolated from this plant for the first time.

China ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the feasibility,security,indication and prophylactic measures of postpartum hemorrhage during the fetalintrapartum operation by analyze the maternal prognosis after intrapartum fetal operation(IFO) performed.Methods We performed a retrospective evaluation of 10 cases that has been performed intrapartum fetal operation(IFO group,n=10) successfully between August 2008 and October 2009 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Shengjing Hospital,China Medical University.Healthy pregnant women(n=10) were chosen as control group,who received Caesarean section for refusing to vaginal delivery.Between the two groups,we compared the indexes including blood lose during the operation and 24 hours post-operation,the hemoglobin level pre-operation and 24 hours post-operation,the involution of uterus,the puerperal infection,and the follow-up at 42 days post-operation.Results Good involution,no primary and secondary postpartum hemorrhage and no puerperal infection were found in both of the 2 groups.Intra-operation,24 hours post-operation and the total volumes of blood lose,the hemoglobin level before operation,24 hours post-operation and 42 days post-operation had no statistic significant difference between the IFO group and control group(P>0.05).No significant difference was found in the operation time between IFO group and the control group(66.40±53.40 minutes and 34.50±4.97 minutes,respectively.Intra-operation,24 hours post-operation and the total volume of blood lose had no relation to the maternal age and gestational weeks(P>0.05).The blood lose of intra-operation in IFO group had positive linear correlation to the operation time.(Pearson relation coefficient R=0.458,.P=0.021).The linear recurrence equation was:the volumes of blood lose intra-operation(ml)=172.68+1.342x(operation time).Conclusion IFO was safe to the mother.It did not affect the involution of uterus and could not increase the blood lose of postpartum and the puerperal infection morbidity.Through the effective measures of preventing postpartum hemorrhage,the postpartum blood lose of the patients that performed intrapartum fetal operation could be no more than that of the patients that had normal Caesarean section.Improving the technique of the intrapartum fetus operation and shortening the operation time are important to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVETo observe the Chinese herbal medicine Selaginella-induced radiosensitization of terminal nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSTotally 180 patients with NPC were divided equally into 3 groups with the same radiotherapeutic protocols. The patients in group A received radiotherapy alone, those in group B were given daily Selaginella (30 g) prepared into 50 ml decoction during the entire course of radiotherapy, and those in group C had Selaginella 30 g daily in the late course of radiotherapy.

RESULTSThe complete remission rate of nasopharyngeal primary lesions in groups B and C was significantly higher than that in group A, with also significantly higher complete remission rates of the cervical lymph nodes. The acute toxicity of the skin and mucous membrane was milder in the latter two groups, but the differences were not significant.

CONCLUSIONSelaginella may induce radiosensitization for terminal NPC and does not increase the acute toxicity of radiotherapy.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Phytotherapy ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; therapeutic use ; Selaginellaceae ; chemistry ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the state of oxidative stress in patients with acute coxsackie virus myocarditis (ACM), and to investigate the pathological chain reactions of a series of free radicals and oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies.

METHODSEighty ACM patients and 80 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a case-control study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma and LPO in erythrocytes (RBC), vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (beta-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in RBC were determined by using spectrophotometric assays.

RESULTSCompared with the average values (AV) of the above biochemical parameters (BP) in the HAV group, the AV of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and RBC in the ACM group were significantly increased (P = 0.0001), while the AV of VC, VE, beta-CAR, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in the ACM group were significantly decreased (P = 0.0001). The values of the above BP were used to estimate the relative risk ratio (RR) between the ACM group and the HAV group; the RR and its 95% confidence interval were 12.467 (5.745-27.051), 4.333 (2.126-8.834), 6.517 (3.225-13.618), 3.310 (1.598-6.858), 31.000 (12.611-76.201), 4.663 (2.228-9.759), 11.769 (5.440-25.462), 3.043 (1.486-6.229) and 6.594 (3.045-14.281) respectively, and their P levels ranged from 0.002 to 0.0001. The results were as follows: D = 22.143 - 0.017SOD + 0.008NO + 0.244LPO in RBC, Eigenvalue = 13.659, Canonical correlation = 0.965, Wilks' lambda = 0.068, chi 2 = 420.212, P = 0.0001. The correct rate of discrimination to the ACM group and to the HAV group was 87.5% and 95.0%, respectively, and 91.3% of originally grouped cases was correctly classified.

CONCLUSIONThe findings in this study suggested that the oxidative stress in bodies of ACM patients was severely aggravated, and marked high oxidative constituents and low antioxidants and antioxidases in the human body might increase the relative risk of inducing acute coxsackie virus myocarditis, and measuring the values of NO in plasma, SOD and LPO in RBC might increase the correct rates of discriminatory analysis of the ACM.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antioxidants ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Case-Control Studies ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; physiopathology ; Female ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocarditis ; pathology ; virology ; Oxidative Stress

OBJECTIVETo study the biomechanical characteristic of maxillary Le fort- I osteotomy with rigid internal fixation (RIF) , so as to choose best fixation method.

METHODSThe 3-dimensional finite element models of maxillary Le Fort-I osteotomy with 9 kinds of RIF methods were established. Then the models were divided into three groups to calculate the stress distribution of the maxilla and the displacement of bone segment under 3 kinds of occlusion condition. The fixation stability of the different RIF methods was evaluated.

RESULTSUnder the incisor occlusion condition, the stress of the cranio maxillary complex transmits mainly along the nasal-maxillary buttress. Under the premolar and molar occlusion condition, the stress transmits along the alveolar process first, then turns to the nasal-maxillary and zygomatic-maxillary buttress. The focused stress position of the internal fixation system is at the connection between the screws and the plate and at the plate near the osteotomy line. Under the premolar occlusion condition, the displacement of bone segment with different RIF methods was (in a decreasing order) 0.396509 mm (with bio-absorbable plate), 0.148393 mm (with micro-plate ), 0.078436 mm (with mini-plate) in group 1; 0.188791 mm (fixing at the nasal-maxillary buttress), 0.121718 mm (fixing at the zygomatic-maxillary buttress), 0.078436 mm (fixing at the both buttress) in group 2; 0.091023 mm (with straight plate), 0.078436 mm (with L shape plate), 0.072450 mm (with Y shape plate), 0.065617 mm (with T shape plate) in group 3.

CONCLUSIONSThe fixation stability of using the bio-absorbable plate in Le Fort-I osteotomy is less stable than using the titanium plate. Fixing at the zygomatic-maxillary buttress is more stable than at the naso-maxillary buttress. The fixation stability is different by using different shapes of plates.

Bone Plates ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Maxilla ; surgery ; Osteotomy, Le Fort ; methods

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for efficient induction and expansion of Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro and evaluate the possibility of using this strategy for treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

METHODSEBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cells (BLCLs) were used as the antigen stimuli and antigen-presenting cells. EBV-specific CTL was induced by co-culture of the autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the irradiated BLCLs, and expanded with a cocktail method consisting of OKT-3, irradiated homologous PBMC, and IL-2. The specific activity of the CTL against the NPC cells was measured with MTT assay.

RESULTSEBV-specific CTL was successfully induced and expanded by 600 folds. The killing efficiency of the CTL was 76% for autologous BLCLs, 13% for homologous BLCLs, 51% for autologous NPC cells, and 27% for homologous CNE cell line, and after expansion, the corresponding killing efficiencies were 63%, 25%, 49%, and 33%, respectively. The non-specific killing only slightly increased after the expansion.

CONCLUSIONEBV-specific CTL can be successfully induced and expanded in vitro for specific killing of autologous NPC cells, suggesting the potential of this strategy in the treatment of NPC.

Antigen-Presenting Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Antigens, Viral ; immunology ; B-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; virology ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; cytology ; immunology ; virology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVEEstablish the three-dimensional finite element models of mandibular bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) with rigid internal fixation (RIF), for further study of BSSRO.

METHODSCT scanned technology and the finite element software (ANSYS) were used to establish the original three-dimensional model of mandible, modify the model to animate the BSSRO, then establish the model of RIF, last mesh the model to establish the finite element model of BSSRO with RIF. Apply 100 N occlusion force at the central incisor; calculate the stress distribution of the mandible and the RIF.

RESULTSThree-dimensional finite element models of BSSRO with RIF were established, such as miniplate model, bicortical fixation screw model. When biting with the incisor and fixed with upper plate, the stress of the medial screw position of the distal and medial segment of mandible is high. When fixed with bicortical fixation screw, the highest stress position located at the internal surface of the medial screw' s position of the distal segment of mandible.

CONCLUSIONSThe mentioned methods proved feasible in establishing the finite element models of BSSRO with RIF . The models can be applied to the study of BSSRO with RIF.

Finite Element Analysis ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Mandible ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Models, Anatomic ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1alpha) on knee cartilage degeneration,and to explore the effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal compound Yiqi Huayu prescription on HIF-1alpha gene knockout mice on knee cartilage degeneration.

METHODSThe 4-month and 6-month HIF-1alpha gene knock out mice were obtained by interbreeding, and divided into HIF-1alpha +/+ 4-month mice group,HIF-1alpha -/- 4-month mice group,HIF-1alpha +/+ 6-month mice group and HIF-1alpha -/- 6-month mice group, 3 mice in each group. And then the 2-month-old HIF-1alpha gene knock out mice were randomly divided into Yiqi Huayu prescription group and physiological saline group. There were 6 mice in each group. After 2 months' drug administration, the knee joint of mice was collected, and the Mankin score were evaluated; Safranine-fast green staining, HE Staining, and immunohistochemistry analysis for VEGF, Col X, Col II, MMP-13 and Sox-9 were performed erespectively.

RESULTS(1) Compared to the results in the HIF-1alpha+/+ mice groups, the HIF-1alpha-/- mice developed aging related cartilage loss and bony tissue appearance, cartilage defects increased,and cells reduced. In HIF-1alpha-/-4-month mice and 6-month mice group, the expresion of Col II and Sox9 decreased, and the expression of Col X, MMP-13 and VEGF increased. (2) Compared to the physiological saline group, the ossification and defect of knee joint cartilage reduced of mice in the Yiqi Huayu prescription group, the cartilage cell distribution was more uniform, and the total number of cells increased. The expression of type II collagen and Sox9 protein increased, expression of Col X, MMP-13 and VEGF protein decreased of mice in the Yiqi Huayu prescription group.

CONCLUSIONThe knee cartilage degenerates in the HIF-1alpha cKO mice, and the degeneration increased with age adding. The Yiqi Huayu prescription can delay the degeneration of knee cartilage of HIF-1alpha cKO mice.

Animals ; Cartilage Diseases ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; deficiency ; genetics ; Joint Diseases ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Knee Joint ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Yimucao (Herba leonuri) injection against experimental cerebral ischemia.

METHODSMouse models of cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion or potassium cyanide and rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were established to evaluate the protective effect of Yimucao injection by measuring the changes in cerebral malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after the injections.

RESULTSYimucao injection significantly lowered the cerebral index of mice with cerebral ischemia, prolonged the survival time of mice poisoned with potassium cyanide, resulting also in significantly decreased MDA content and increased activities of SOD and LDH in the brain tissue of rats after a 10-min cerebral ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion.

CONCLUSIONYimucao injection provides protective effect against experimental cerebral ischemia.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism