Objective To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Methods Seventy-two adult,male,Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control (CON) group,a hyperbaric air (HBA) group,a normobaric oxygen (NBO) group and a hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) group.All were subjected to MCAO.Rats in the CON group did not receive any treatment; those in the other groups were treated with HBA,NBO or HBO daily beginning 2 hours after the operation.Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of nestin,MAP2 and GFAP at 2,3,7 and 14 days after the MCAO.Results The expression of nestin in the HBO group was significantly higher than in the other groups on the 3rd,7th and 14th days.It peaked at day 3 but remained high until day 14.Similarly,expression of MAP2 was significantly higher than in the other groups at least until day 14.GFAP expression was significantly lower than in the other groups.Conclusion HBO can increase neural stem cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation,and inhibit the proliferation of astrocytes.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of the postoperative analgesia after thoracotomy with different patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA)medication.Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients scheduled for elective thoracic surgery were randomly di-vided into four groups according to different PCIA formula:group S received sufentanil 3 μg/kg;group SD received sufentanil 1.5 μg/kg plus dezocine 0.3 mg/kg;group SF received sufentanil 1.5μg/kg plus flurbiprofen axetil 3 mg/kg;group DF received dezocine 0.3 mg/kg plus flurbiprofen ax-etil 3 mg/kg.For all four goups,the applied medicine was diluted with 0.9% saline to 300 ml,and was infused at 5 ml/h with a bolus dose of 3 ml.The lockout time was set at 1 5 min.The VAS and Ramsay sedation scale were recorded 2,4,8,24,48 h after surgery,respectively.Total pressing times and the side effects were also recorded for the 24 h period after the surgery.Results There were no significant differences of the VAS score at the time 2,4,8,24 and 48 h post surgery of press num-bers within 24 h postoperatively among all groups.The Ramsay sedation scale was significantly high-er at the time 2,4,8,24 h after surgery in group S than those in other three groups (P <0.05).The side effects were more in group S than those in other three groups (P <0.05).Conclusion Compared with sufentanil alone,combination therapy is safer and more effective for analgesia after thoracic sur-gery.With good outcomes and less side effects,it deserves more consideration in clinics.

This research explored the synergistic effects and the potential mechanisms of RCE-4 and various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the proliferation of cervical cancer Ca Ski cells. The MTT assay and CalcuSyn V2.0 software were used to detect cell proliferation and calculate the combination index (CI); the expression levels of various proteins were analyzed using Western blot assay; mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using JC-1 staining; acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double-fluorescence staining was used to detect the apoptosis of Ca Ski cells; a co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was used to analyze the relative content of Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex in Ca Ski cells. The results demonstrate that the combination of RCE-4 and NSAIDs increases the inhibition of Ca Ski cells compared to the single-RCE-4 group, and celecoxib provided the best synergistic effect among the four NSAIDs tested, with a CI of 0.32. The combination of RCE-4 and celecoxib significantly down-regulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), and promoted the expression of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs activity gene-1 (NAG-1). In addition, autophagy induced by RCE-4 was markedly inhibited in combination with celecoxib, which was associated with down-regulation of the expression of microtubule-associated protein 3 (LC3)-II, Beclin 1, p62 and autophagy-related gene (ATG) 3/4B/5/7/14. RCE-4-induced apoptosis was significantly enhanced by altering the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B cell lymphoma-xl (Bcl-xl), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2/Bcl-xl-associated death promoter (Bad) and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (cleaved-caspase) 3/7/9. Furthermore, the formation of the Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex was significantly inhibited in Ca Ski cells treated with RCE-4 in combination with celecoxib. Taken together, this research shows that the combination of RCE-4 and celecoxib has a significant synergistic effect on the proliferation of Ca Ski cells by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting autophagy and disturbing the formation of the Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex, which may be a novel strategy to increase the sensitivity of anti-cervical cancer drugs.

In the face of escalating problems with pathogen control, the development of proper formulations of existing antibiotics is as important as the development of novel antibiotics. Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Currently, only injectable solution of daptomycin has been approved for clinical use. In the present study, the formulation of PEGylated liposomal daptomycin (PLD) was prepared and optimized, and its efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA252) strains was investigated. The obtained PLD had a mean vesicle diameter of (111.5 +/- 15.4) nm and a mean percent drug loading of (5.81 +/- 0.19) % with high storage stability. Potent activity of PLD against MRSA was demonstrated in vitro with a more sustained effect than that of conventional liposomal daptomycin and daptomycin solution. In addition, intravenous administration of a single dose (equal to human use) of PLD significantly increased the survival of mice in a MRSA252 systemic infection model compared with other formulations. Drug distribution in the lung was significantly enhanced following administration of PLD, and no measurable tissue lesions or pathological changes were detected during PLD treatment. Taken together, PEGylated liposomes loaded with daptomycin may represent a promising approach to reduce MRSA252 infections, especially those involving bloodstream dissemination, such as hematogenous pulmonary infection.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Daptomycin ; pharmacology ; Liposomes ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Mice ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Turbinates ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and analyze the relationship of HP infection with the symptoms, disease progression and motor complications of PD.Methods 72 PD outpatients were randomly selected, and 100 gender and age-matched subjects who took health physical examination were considered as healthy controls.Basic data were collected and estimated by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr stage, the 39-item Parkinson' s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA).All subjects underwent 13C-urea breath test to determine Helicobacter pylori infection status.Results There was no significant difference in H P infection rate between PD and control groups [37.5 ％ (27 cases)vs.32.0％ (32 cases), P=0.45].According to the initial symptoms, PD patients were divided into two groups: bradykinesia/ rigidity group and tremor group.The HP infection rate was higher in bradykinesia/rigidity group than in tremor group [52.2％ (12 cases) vs.30.6％ (15 cases)], but had no significant difference (P=0.08).The mean HY stage was higher in the HP-infected patient group than in the non-infected group [(2.6±0.7) vs.(2.2±0.9), P=0.03].The HP infection rate was higher in patients with HY stage ≥2 than with HY stage ＜2 [46.4％ (26 cases) vs.6.3％ (1 case),P=0.003].There were no correlations of HP infection with gender, age, age of onset, UPDRS, UPDRS-Ⅲ, PDQ-39, the course of the disease, wearing-off phenomenon, and dyskinesias.Conclusions The PD patients with HP infection are mainly at middle-and late-stage.HP infection may be related with the progress of the disease.It needs further study and validation by expanding the sample to investigate whether HP infection affects the motor complications.

BACKGROUND:Theex-vivo expanded autologous adipose-derived stem cels have the capability of multipotential differentiation and have a broad application prospect in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE:To observe the nasal mucosal structural repair and functional reconstruction usingex-vivo expanded autologous adipose-derived stem cels. METHODS:Ten patients with mucosal damage due to the physical or chemical factors were enroled, including six cases of mucosal scar and four cases of mucosal ulceration. Autologous adipose tissue was extracted forin vitro isolation, culture and expansion of adipose-derived stem cels. Before transplantation, quality safety testing was done. Al the patients were injected adipose-derived stem cels (1×107/cm2 0.1 cm mucosal tissue sample at 30 days before and after transplantation for hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson ) at an interval of 15 days, totaly for three times. Nasal volume, minimum cross-sectional area, and mucociliary clearance function were determined at 30, 90, 150 days after the final injection. Three of 10 patients were selected to take a 0.1 cm× trichrome staining, and AB-PAS staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Clinical symptoms were aleviated in al patients undergoing transplantation of adipose-derived stem cels. Compared with the baseline data, the nasal volume and minimum cross-sectional area were both decreased at 30, 90, 150 days after transplantation (P < 0.05), and the mucociliary clearance function was improved but not significantly (P > 0.05). Compared with the baseline data, the inflammation of the nasal mucosa was significantly reduced, colagen fibers arranged neatly, the deposition was decreased, and mucin secreted from goblet cels was increased in the selected three patients at 30 days after cel transplantation. These findings indicate thatex-vivo expanded autologous adipose-derived stem cels can be used to reconstruct the nasal mucosal structure and its function.

Background Scarring of the filtering bleb is a main cause of filtering surgical failure in glaucoma.It has been reposed that tetrandrine could suppress the proliferation of cultured human fibroblast of Tenons capsule in vitro and thus has the potential effect to prevent scarring after the filtering surgery. Objective Present study was to investigate the anti-cicatricial effect of tetrandrine drug delivery system(Tet DDS)during filtration surgery. Methods Filtration surgery was performed in bilateral eyes of 18 New Zealand white rabbits.The Tet DDS with 0.3 mg Tet,0.2 mg Tet or free-Tet were implanted subcunjunctially during the surgery.The filtering blebs were scored in 1 day,4,7,10,14 days after referring to the corneal thickness and bleb range under the slit-lamp biomicroscopy.The morphology of filtering bleb was assessed by in vivo confocal microscopy in 7 and 14 days after operation.The filtering bleb specimen was prepared in 7 and 14 days for the histopathological examination. Results The filtering bleb scores in Tet DDS implantation groups were significantly higher than those in free-Tet DDS group from 4 days through 14 days after trabeculectomy(P＜0.01),and the scores showed a considerably increase in 0.3 mg Tet DDS group compared with 0.2 mg Tet DDS group from 7 days through 14 days after trabeculectomy(P＜0.05).The filtering blebs of Tet DDS implantation groups were found with distinct subepithelial cystic spaces under the light microscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy on the 7th day and 14th day after surgery.Compared with free-Tet DDS group,the numbers of subepithelial mierocysts were much more(P＜0.01)and the area of microcysts was larger(P＜0.01)in Tet DDS group.The filtering tissue presented with more subepithelial microcysts and larger microcysts range in 0.3 mg Tet DDS group than 0.2 mg Tet DDS group in 7 and 14 days after operation(P＜0.05).The inflammatory cell infiltration wag milder in 0.3 mg Tet DDS group in comparison with 0.2 mg Tet DDS group and free-Ted DDS group.Conclusion Tet DDS has strong inhibitory effects on inflammatory cells activity and fibroblagt activity the early stage after filtering surgery and therefore improve the surgery success rate.

Objective To explore the relationship of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),IFN-? and IL-4 and effect of Bude-sonide on their in asthmatic rats.Methods Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:asthma group,Budesonide-treatment group and control group.On the first day of the experiment and the 8th day,the rat models of the asthma group and Budesonid treatment group were allergized by the OVA/Al(OH)3 through intraperitoneal injection,respectively.And starting from the 15th day,they were challenged by the OVA through atomization for 2 weeks.Control group was allergized and challenged by NS atomization.Budesonid treatment group was interfered in Budesonide inhalation before suscitation in 0.5 h.After 12 h the same inhal done was again in Budesonide group.Twenty-four hours after the last challenge,the rats in 3 groups were sacrificed,and blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected.The concentrations of IL-4,IFN-? and VEGF in serum and BALF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The concentrations of IL-4 in serum and BALF in asthma group and Budesonide treatment group were significantly increased than those in control group(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the protective effect of baicalin against rotenone-induced injury on PC12 cells, and the po-tential mechanism of action action was also explored.

METHODPC12 cells were injured by rotenone and were treated with different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 μmol x L(-1)) of baicalin at the same time. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT, and morphology was observed by phase-contrast microscopy. The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The intracellular ROS level was determined by fluorescence microscope with DCF-DA staining. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 was analyzed by Western blot.

RESULTThe viability of PC12 cells exposure to rotenone for 24 hour was gradually decreased with dose escalating and 1.5 μmol x L was adopted to do the following experiment. Baicalin increased cell viability, improved cell morphology and decreased intracellular ROS level. Moreover, FACS indicated baicalin attenuated the apoptosis induced by rotenone significantly. Western blot showed that Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 expression in rotenone-induced PC12 cells was reversed by baicalin.

CONCLUSIONThis study has demonstrated that baicalin protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis, at least in part, by scavenging excessive ROS and inhibiting the mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic pathway.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cytoprotection ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Intracellular Space ; drug effects ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Rotenone ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism