Objective To better understand students' professional perception,humanistic education status quo and their preference to different humanistic education methods.Methods Questionnaire was conducted for 990 undergraduate students (2006 grade- 2010 grade) at medical school of Shanghai Jiao Tong university.SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to analyze results of the questionnaire.Results Nearly 45％ students chose to major in clinical medicine out of personal interest.The identification of students for humanistic quality was lower than that for clinical knowledge and skills.More than 50％ students believed doctors were with high humanistic quality and there was a gap between students′ action and their understanding of the medical career identity and medical humanistic cultivation.More than 50％ students preferred activities that train medical and auxiliary skills.Nearly 67％ students also showed a shallow reading habit from regular internet surfing.Conclusion The professional perception of medical students are influenced by both social and historical factors influence.The gap between understanding and action is a consequence of current humanistic educational system.The humanistic educational methodology should conform to the psychological and s~ial characteristics of contemporary students.

Recently, studies on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have increased rapidly. Conventional parameters, such as diversity index, pairwise comparison, are used to interpret and validate data on autosomal DNA; however, the use of these parameters to validate data from mitochondrial DNA databases (mtDNA DBs) needs to be verified because of the different transmission patterns of mtDNA. This study was done to verify the use of these conventional parameters and to test the "coverage concept" for a new parameter. The mtDNA DB is not very big; however, it is necessary to check how the change in parameters corresponds to the DB size. For this, we artificially rearranged a Korean DB into several small sub-DBs of variable sizes. The results show that the diversity in nucleotide variations and the different haplotype numbers do not vary as the size of DB increases. However, the "coverage" changed a lot. The coverage increased from 0.113 in a DB of 100 people to 0.260 in a DB of 653 people. Additionally, using the "coverage concept", we predicted how the total number of haplotypes changed with variations in the sub-DB size and compared the predicted result with final result. In conclusion, "coverage", in addition to conventional statistical parameters, can be used to check the usability of an mtDNA DB. Finally, we tried to predict the size of the whole mtDNA number in Korea using "saturation concept".
DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Haplotypes ; Korea ; Phylogeny

No abstract available.
Folliculitis ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpesvirus 3, Human

There are some controversies on the mechanism of the lumbar disc degeneration and disc prolapse. But,it is clear that many factors are related to the disc degeneration. Configurations of the lower lumbar and lumbosacral spine have long been proposed as one of the important factors of disc degeneration in these areas. To look for the configurational risk factors and the probability of disc degeneration by the combinations of these factors, we analyzed simple radiographs and MRI of 73 patients who complaints of low back pain and are between 20 years and 39 years of age. We performed chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis: L4-5 disc degeneration and L5-Sl disc degeneration as dependent variables and lumbar lordosis, sacral inclination, height of intercrest line, transitional vertebra and facet joint asymmetry as independent variables. We could not find any of these variables significantly related to the L4-5 intervertebral disc degeneration. For L5-S1 disc degeneration, only the presence of transitional vertebra was signicantly related. When there is no transitional vertebra, the probability of disc degeneration is 9 times(8.889) as large as that of presence of transitional vertebra. The probability of L4-5 disc degeneration without the degeneration of L5-S1 is 3 times as large as that of degeneration of both of L4-5 and L5-S1 disc in case of the presence of transitional vertebra.
Animals ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration* ; Logistic Models ; Lordosis ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prolapse ; Risk Factors ; Spine* ; Zygapophyseal Joint

Five patients presented with a limited range of motion in their elbow associated with heterotopic ossification. All of these patients underwent surgery within one year. Removal of heterotopic ossification and a posterior capsular release was performed within ten months on average after the initial injury. Each patient postoperatively received prophylaxis consisting of a single-shot radiation of 700 cGY and administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for four weeks on average. With a median follow up period of 21 months, five patients had no radiographic evidence of recurrence. The arc of flexion-extension increased from an average of 64 degrees preoperatively to 133 degrees at the latest follow up. A 12- to 18-month period is generally recommended as necessary for an operation on an ankylosed elbow associated with heterotopic ossification. However, the operative treatment, together with radiation therapy and NSAIDs administration, showed good results within 12 months.
Ankylosis ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joint Capsule Release ; Ossification, Heterotopic* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) -enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5T and dual-phase spiral computed tomography (CT) for the depiction of small hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three patients with 70 small nodular HCCs (5-20 mm; mean, 13.7 mm) were examined. Diagnosis was based on the results of surgical biopsy in 22 patients and by the combined assessment of MR imaging, lipiodol CT, alpha feto-protein levels, and angiographic findings in 21. MR imaging consisted of respiratory-triggered turbo spin-echo T2-weighted imaging, T1-weighted fast low-angle shot, and T2* -weighted fast imaging with steady-state precession imaging before and after SPIO enhancement. CT imaging was performed with 5-mm collimation and 1: 1.4 pitch, and began 30 and 65 secs after the injection of 150 mL of contrast medium at a rate of 3 mL/sec. Two blinded observers reviewed all images independently on a segment-by-segment basis. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. RESULT: The mean areas (Az) under the ROC curves were 0.85 for SPIOenhanced MR imaging and 0.79 for dual-phase spiral CT (p < .05). The mean sensitivity of SPIO-enhanced MR imaging was significantly higher than that of CT (p < .05), i.e. 70.6% for MR imaging and 58.1% for CT. MR imaging had higher false-positive rates than dual-phase spiral CT, but the difference was not statistically significant (3.7% vs 3.3%) (p > .05). CONCLUSION: SPIO-enhanced MR imaging is more sensitive than dual-phase spiral CT for the depiction of small hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis and is characterized by the diffuse histiocytic infiltration of multiple organs. Retroperitoneal ECD, especially with uterine involvement, is extremely rare. We report about a 73-year-old woman who presented with vaginal spotting for a month and experienced abdominal pain along with pus-like urine. Computed tomography revealed an irregular mass-like lesion in the uterus, possibly a uterine sarcoma, invading the ureter, rectosigmoid, and bladder. A tissue biopsy of the retroperitoneal mass revealed typical morphological and immunohistochemical features of ECD. However, clinical features, especially long bone involvement, did not coincide with ECD, and BRAF V600E gene mutation was not detected. We made a diagnosis of atypical retroperitoneal ECD mimicking uterine sarcoma with multiple organ involvement.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis and is characterized by the diffuse histiocytic infiltration of multiple organs. Retroperitoneal ECD, especially with uterine involvement, is extremely rare. We report about a 73-year-old woman who presented with vaginal spotting for a month and experienced abdominal pain along with pus-like urine. Computed tomography revealed an irregular mass-like lesion in the uterus, possibly a uterine sarcoma, invading the ureter, rectosigmoid, and bladder. A tissue biopsy of the retroperitoneal mass revealed typical morphological and immunohistochemical features of ECD. However, clinical features, especially long bone involvement, did not coincide with ECD, and BRAF V600E gene mutation was not detected. We made a diagnosis of atypical retroperitoneal ECD mimicking uterine sarcoma with multiple organ involvement.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential value of distributional-phase T1-weighted ferumoxides-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for tissue characterization of focal liver lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging was performed using a 1.5-T system in 46 patients referred for evaluation of known or suspected hepatic malignancies. Seventy-three focal liver lesions (30 hepatocellular carcinomas [HCC], 12 metastases, 15 cysts, 13 hemangiomas, and three cholangiocarcinomas) were evaluated. MR imaging included T1-weighted double-echo gradient-echo (TR/TE: 150/4.2 and 2.1 msec), T2*-weighted gradient-echo (TR/TE: 180/12 msec), and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T before and after intravenous administration of ferumoxides (15 mmol/kg body weight). Postcontrast T1-weighted imaging was performed within eight minutes of infusion of the contrast medium (distributional phase). Both qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed. RESULTS: During the distributional phase after infusion of ferumoxides, unique enhancement patterns of focal liver lesions were observed for hemangiomas, metastases, and hepatocellular carcinomas. On T1-weighted GRE images obtained during the distributional phase, hemangiomas showed a typical positive enhancement pattern of increased signal; metastases showed ring enhancement; and hepatocellar carcinomas showed slight enhancement. Quantitatively, the signal-to-noise ratio of hemangiomas was much higher than that of other tumors (p < .05) and was similar to that of intrahepatic vessels. This finding permitted more effective differentiation between hemangiomas and other malignant tumors. CONCLUSION: T1-weighted double-echo FLASH images obtained soon after the infusion of ferumoxides, show characteristic enhancement patterns and improved the differentiation of focal liver lesions.

Hemangioma is a common tumor which can occur in any part of the body. It can develop in any area the hand. Hemangioma of the hand usually presents with swelling, pressure pain, accompanied by motion restriction. Rarely it has throbbing pain. We report the case of a 21-year-old woman who had a hemangioma of flexor digitorum superficialis tendon sheath in second finger with restriction of motion and were treated by surgical intervention.
Female ; Fingers ; Hand* ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Tendons* ; Young Adult