Objective To study the relationship between graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and endothelium injury following hematopoietic stem cells transplantation in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice as donors and Balb/c mice as recipients were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, bone marrow transplantation group, GVHD group, GVHD mitigation group. The clinical manifestations,circulating endothelial cells and tissue pathological changes were observed at different time points after transplantation. Results No manifestations of GVHD were found in each group at the day 5, while those were found in GVHD group at the day 9 and all died within 15 days. The counts of endothelial cells in peripheral blood showed no significant difference at the day 5 between GVHD group (7. 34 ±1.26 cells/μl) and bone marrow transplantation group (11.51 ± 7. 40 cells/μl) or GVHD mitigation group (7. 36 ± 0. 16 cells/μl), while among three groups there was statistically significant difference at the day 9 (GVHD group: 153. 64 ± 35. 35 cells/μl vs bone marrow transplantation group: 10. 49 ±5. 61 cells/μl and GVHD mitigation group: 47. 82 ± 4. 69 cells/μl). The scores of pathological aGVHD had no significant difference at the day 5 between GVHD group (4. 33± 1. 53) and bone marrow transplantation group (3. 33 ± 0. 58) or GVHD mitigation group (4. 00 ± 1.73), while among three groups there was statistically significant difference at the day 9 (GVHD group: 10. 0 vs bone marrow transplantation group: 3. 33 ± 1.15 or GVHD mitigation group: 4. 33 ± 0. 58) and at the day 14 (GVHD group: 10. 33 ± 2. 58 vs bone marrow transplantation group: 2. 33 ± 1.25 or GVHD mitigation group 3. 33 ± 1.15). Conclusion Occurrence of GVHD causes endothelial damage again and injured endothelium worsens the GVHD.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the massive transfusion protocols (MTP) in abdominal surgical patients with traumatic shock.Methods An analysis was made on the clinical data of patients before and after the use of MTP,including the general condition,amount of blood transfusion,transfusion components and ratio,blood and coagulation function test,and blood transfusion related complications and mortality.Results Before implement of MTP,the average RBC transfusion in the first 24 hours was 19.5U,FFBwas 12.6U,and the ratio ofRBC ∶ FFB was 1.55 ∶ 1.After implement of MTP,the average RBC transfusion in the first 24 hours was 17.3 U,and the ratio of RBC:FFB was 1 ∶ 1.There were no significant statistical differences between the two groups about PT,APTT,Hb and PLT on admission.After 24 hours of admission,there was no significant difference in Hb between the two groups,there were significant differences of PT,APTT and PLT.Blood transfusion related complications were 11 (14.9％) in control group and 7 (11.9％) in MTP,group,and the mortality was 9.46％ and 6.78％ respectively.Conclusions MTP improves blood coagulation function,reduces blood transfusion and enhances survival rate of abdominal surgical patients with traumatic shock.

Objective To determine the conditioning regimen suitable for mice allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods Twelve BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 2 equal groups to undergo X-ray irradiation by linear accelerator at the dose of 7.0 Gy (pure X-ray group) or 60Co source irradiation at the dose of 7.0 Gy (pure γ-ray group).Thirty mice were randomly divided into 2 equal groups to undergo X-ray irradiation and then infusion of bone marrow from donor mice via caudal vein (X-ray + transplantation group) or γ-ray and then infusion of bone marrow via caudal vein (γ-ray + transplahtation group).3,5,7,10,15,20,and 30 d later peripheral blood samples were collected to calculate the number of white blood cells (WBCs) and detect the chimeric rates of lymphocytes by flow cytometry.5,10,and 20 d after irradiation 15 mice were killed with their lung,liver,small intestine,spleen,and femurs taken out to undergo pathological examination.Results The survival rates during the period 5-15 days of the γ-ray + transplantation group were all significantly higher than those of the X-ray + transplantation group.The pathological changes of organs of the X-ray +transplantation group were all more severe than those of the γ-ray + transplantation group.Since the fifth day after transplantation cells originating from the donor began to appear in the peripheral blood.The chimeric rate of the γ-ray + transplantation group 10 days after transplantation was (95.53± 2.57) %.The chimeric rates 5,10,and 20 days after transplantation of the γ-ray + transplantation group were all significantly higher than those of the X-ray + transplantation group (t = 15.263,3.256,P < 0.05).The WBC count of both irradiation groups decreased to the lowest level 5 d later and began to increase 10 days after transplantation and the WBC counts of the γ-ray + transplantation group 10 and 20 days aftertransplantation were both significantly higher than those of the X-ray + transplantation group (t = 3.624,6.695 ,P < 0.05).The chimeric rats of the peripheral lymphocytes 10 and 20 days after transplantation of the γ-ray + transplantation group were both significantly higher than those of the X-ray + transplantation group (t = 12.317,8.295,P < 0.05).The homogeneity rate of transplantation of the γ-ray +transplantation group was better than that of the X-ray + transplantation group.Conclusions As a conditioning regimen in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation γ-ray irradiation causes milder injury and accelerated reconstitution of hematopoiesis and immunity,in comparison with X-ray irradiation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) exposure on the behaviors and hippocampal oxidative stress and ATPase in rats and the molecular mechanism of neurobehavioral toxicity of B[a]P.

METHODSA total of 120 male SD rats (21 days old) were randomly and equally assigned to five groups: blank control group, vegetable oil (solvent control) group, and 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg B[a]P exposure groups. The rats in B[a]P exposure groups were injected intraperitoneally with B[a]P once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. Then, Morris water maze and shuttle box were used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of rats; colorimetric assay was used to measure the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase and the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus; the concentration of Ca(2+) in the hippocampus was measured by fluorescent labeling.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group and solvent control group, the B[a]P exposure groups exhibited significant increases in escape latency, active avoidance response latency, and passive avoidance response latency and significant decreases in number of platform crossings and active avoidance response frequency in the last test (P < 0.05 for all comparisons), with a dose-effect relationship. In addition, the B[a]P exposure groups had significantly lower activities of SOD, Na(+)/K(+)-AT-Pase, and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase and significantly higher MDA level and Ca(2+) concentration than the blank control group and solvent control group (P < 0.05 for all comparisons), with a dose-effect relationship.

CONCLUSIONThe neurobehavioral toxicity of B[a]P may be related to increased oxidative stress and decreased activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase in the hippocampus of rats.

Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; toxicity ; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore arsenic-induced oxidative stress and the protective efficacy of α-lipoic acid and vitamin c.

METHODS50 male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Ten rats (the control group) were exposed to deionized water for 6 weeks, and the others were alone exposed to sodium arsenite (50 mg/L water) for 6 weeks, at the same time, three group rats were administered intragastrically (i.g.) with α-lipoic acid 10 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) and vitamin C 25 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1) either alone or in combination. At the end of experiment, blood was drawn from abdominal aorta, and then the blood, brain and liver of rats were used for biochemical assays, including blood glutathione (GSH), δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD ), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level. At the same time, the super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, ATPase activity of brain and liver were determined. The caspase activity of brain were also determined.

RESULTSThere were a significant increase in ROS level (P < 0.05), but a significant decrease in δ-ALAD activity (P < 0.01) in the chronic arsenic toxicity model group compared with the control group. These alterations were marginally restored by co-administration of vitamin C and α-lipoic acid individually, while significant recovery was observed in the animals supplemented with both the antioxidants together with arsenite in rat (P < 0.05). At the same time, there was a significant increase in the ROS and TBARS level of the brain and liver (P < 0.05), and caspase activity of the brain (P < 0.05), while there was a significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes and ATPase activity on arsenite exposure in rats (P < 0.05). These alterations were also marginally restored by co-administration of vitamin C and α-lipoic acid individually, while significant recovery was observed in the animals supplemented with both the antioxidants together with arsenite in rat (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSArsenite-induced oxidative stress can be significantly protected by co-administration of α-lipoic acid and vitamin C individually, but the best effects could be observed with combined administration of two antioxidants during arsenite exposure in animals. The dietary intervention of or supplementation with natural dietary nutrients is possible to prevent the effects of arsenic in populations of risk.

Animals ; Arsenic Poisoning ; metabolism ; Ascorbic Acid ; pharmacology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thioctic Acid ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effects of microsurgical one-stage repair of hand flexor tendon injuries.

METHODSAmong 97 patients with (182 flexor tendons) hand injuries, 59 patients were male and 38 patients were female, ranging in age from 6 to 65 years, with an average of 32 years. Twenty-two patients got injuries by glasses, 32 patients got injuries by knife, 29 patients got injuries by saw, and 14 patients got crush injuries. The tendon injuries in this study consisted of 12 cases of I zone, 35 cases of II zone, 28 cases of III zone, 8 cases of IV zone and 14 cases of V zone. Sixty-eight patients complicated with injuries of blood vessel and nerve, and 53 patients also had fingers fractures. All the patients were treated with modified Kessler method to repair tendon at one-stage, and were given early rehabilitation step by step.

RESULTSAfter the treatment, 97 patients were followed up from 3 to 24 months. According to TAM standard, 48 patients got an excellent result, 39 good, 8 fair and 2 bad.

CONCLUSIONMicrosurgical one-stage tendon repair should be applied. Early rehabilitation and microsurgery repair are important for preventing tendon adhesion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Hand Injuries ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Tendon Injuries ; rehabilitation ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the bioequivalence of tiopronin enteric capsules (testing preparation, T) versus tablets (reference preparation, R).

METHODSA single oral dose of tiopronin enteric capsules or tablets at 200 mg was administered in 2 groups of Chinese healthy volunteers (n=9) in a randomized crossover design at the interval of 2 weeks. The plasma concentrations of tiopronin were measured by HPLC-MS/MS, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 program. The bioequivalence between the two preparations was evaluated.

RESULTSThe main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: C(max)(microg.ml(-1)) 3.612-/+1.2393 (R), 3.644-/+1.540 (T); t(max) 4.333-/+1.0853 (R), 3.611-/+1.420 (T); t((1/2))(h) 18.245-/+11.270 (R), 23.403-/+10.500 (T); AUC0-t (microg.h.ml(-1)) 18.732-/+6.92318 (R), 18.713-/+6.585 (T); AUC0-infinity (microg.h.ml(-1)) 21.900-/+7.31220 (R), 20.780-/+7.965 (T). The relative bioavailability of tiopronin enteric capsule was 103.712-/+23.956%, with 90% confidential intervals of ln(AUC0-->72), ln(AUC0-infinity) and ln(C(max)) of 91.1%-111.8%, 96.8%-118.3%, and 85.1%-113.0%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe tiopronin enteric capsules were bioequivalent to the tablets.

Biological Availability ; Capsules ; Cross-Over Studies ; Health ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Therapeutic Equivalency ; Tiopronin ; pharmacokinetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETrace and toxic elements have great influences on the fetus growth during the pregnancy. The status of Pb, As, Cd, Mn and Zn in maternal and umbilical cord blood and influence factors were analyzed.

METHODSFrom September 2006 to April 2007, 130 pairs of maternal blood and cord blood in total were collected at the time of spontaneous delivery or cesarean section. At the same time, the development of newborn was measured immediately. The concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the relationship of these elements between maternal and cord blood were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe median (microg/L) concentration of blood Pb, As, Cd, Mn and Zn in maternal blood were 64.32, 3.81, 0.84, 54.26 and 6312.50. And the median (microg/L) of those elements in cord blood were 35.72, 2.84, 0.32, 78.99 and 2250. The levels of Cd (r=0.341, P=0.000) and As (r=0.552, P=0.000) in maternal blood were positively correlated with the elements in the cord blood. From the questionnaire we conclude that the occupational hazardous factors and room decorated were the risk factors for the blood As and Zn levels. After multilinear regression analysis we also found mother weight, occupational hazardous factors and mother systolic pressure might affect the levels of blood Mn, Zn, As and Cd.

CONCLUSIONSThe levels of these elements were affected by environmental and maternal factors. In this study, although the levels of all heavy metals in pregnant women were below those considered hazardous, however, they were still higher than those in the developed countries. The effects of heavy metals of maternal exposure on developing fetuses should deserve attention further.

Adult ; Arsenic ; blood ; Cadmium ; blood ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; chemistry ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Manganese ; blood ; Maternal Exposure ; Pregnancy ; Zinc ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression changes of mRNA and protein of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in adipose tissues and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in muscle tissues of rats which were treated with repeated fasting/refeeding and followed by fed with high-fat diet, and their possible mechanism on lipid metabolism.

METHODSThe model of repeating fasting/refeeding rats (repeated cycles of 1-day fasting and 1-day refeeding for 6 weeks fed with common-fat diet, RFR) was designed. At the end of the 6th week, the RFR rats were switched to high-fat diet every day (RFR-CF/HF). Moreover, the control rats were randomly divided into two groups and then fed with high-fat diet (HF) and common-fat diet (CF) respectively for 6 weeks. All rats were killed at the end of the 6th and the 12th week, serum and plasma samples were taken from abdominal aorta, and then the concentration of serum lipids, glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), and plasma insulin were measured. The histomorphological changes of liver tissues were observed by HE staining. The expression level of mRNA and protein of UCP2 in adipose tissues and UCP3 in muscle tissues was respectively measured by RT-PCR and Western blot.

RESULTS(1) The concentration of serum glucose in RFR group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05), while the concentration of serum FFA, expression level of UCP2 mRNA, UCP3 mRNA and protein were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). (2) The concentration of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and plasma insulin in RFR-CF/HF group was significantly lower than that in HF group, but significantly higher than that in CF group (P < 0.05). The concentration of serum FFA was significantly lower than that of HF and CF groups (P < 0.01). The expression level in UCP2, UCP3 mRNA and protein was significantly higher than that of HF group, but significantly lower than that of CF group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe feeding pattern of repeated fasting/refeeding can decrease the obese degree induced by high-fat diet, increase the mRNA and protein expression of UCP2 in adipose tissues and UCP3 in muscle tissues, up-regulate the proton leak caused by obesity, and improve the rate of basic energy metabolism in rats.

Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Animals ; Fasting ; metabolism ; Feeding Methods ; Ion Channels ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; metabolism ; Muscles ; metabolism ; Obesity ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uncoupling Protein 2 ; Uncoupling Protein 3

A series of novel quinolinone acid-containing compounds were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed with 1H NMR and MS. The target compounds were tested for anti-HIV-1 integrase activities in vitro with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result showed that D-2, D-4 and D-7 have anti-integrase activity with IC50 < 100 micromol L(-1).
HIV Integrase ; metabolism ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Quinolones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship