Carotid stenosis is an important modifiable risk factor in ischemic stroke.The com prehensive diagnosis of carotid stenosis,including the comprehensive understanding of stenosis degree,plaque stability,and head and neck vessels,which has important guiding significance for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.This article reviews the diagnostic values of digital subtraction angiography,sonography,magnetic resonance angiography and CT angiorgaphy in carotid stenosis.

Objective To explore the effects of arsenite on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA,ER protein and the ER signaling pathway in rats.Methods Random grouping experiment design was used to evaluate the effects of arsenite on the expression of ER mRNA,ER protein and the ER signaling pathway (24 rats were divided into 4 groups:control,Aslow,Asmiddle,Ashigh groups;6 rats in each group).Female rats were exposed to NaAsO2 (0.625,2.500,10.000 mg/kg) by oral perfusion at gradient doses for three months respectively.The expression of ER mRNA as effect biomarker was observed through RT-PCR.The concentration of ER,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),cyclin D1 (CYC-D1),and progesterone receptor (PR) in serum was determined as effect biomarkers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The levels of ER mRNA,VEGF,PR,CYC-D1,and ER in control,Aslow,Asmiddle,and Ashigh groups were statistically different (F =204.13,227.14,256.13,179.23,167.34,all P ＜ 0.01).With increasing of arsenic,the expression of ER mRNA,VEGF,and PR gradually decreased (all P ＜ 0.01);the dose effect relationship was obvious;the expression of CYC-D1 and ER in Asmiddle [(25.45 ± 9.29) U/L,(22.16 ± 9.16) ng/L] was higher than that in Ashigh [(2.60 ± 0.23) U/L,(9.06 t 2.06) ng,/L,all P ＜ 0.01].Arsenic was negatively associated with ER mRNA,ER,VEGF,CYC-D1 and PR (r =-0.689,-0.515,-0.675,-0.456,-0.397,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).ER mRNA was positively associated with ER,VEGF,CYC-D1 and PR (r =0.894,0.662,0.713,0.699,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of ER mRNA and ER protein are inhibited by arsenic,ER may be served as a sensitive biomarker of reproductive system damage after exposed to arsenic.The ER-VEGF,CYC-D1 and PR pathway participate in the process of reproductive system damage caused by arsenic.Arsenic is probably a environmental estrogen.

BACKGROUND:With the development of AO, the treatment of intercondylar humeral fractures with open reduction has been a trend. However, the methods of fixation become many. There is no conclusion of which method is optimal.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical effect of two kinds of different fixation methods (Y-type steel plate and double steel plate) for intercondylar humeral fractures via different surgical approaches.
METHODA retrospective analysis of clinical data of 86 cases of fresh intercondylar humeral fractures in the Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, between December 2003
and May 2014 were conducted in this study. According to the different fixation materials, patients were divided into two groupdouble steel group (n=44, including the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy which had 22 cases and the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance which had 22 cases), Y-type steel group (n=42, including the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy which had 21 cases and the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance which had 21 cases). The clinical curative effect and related complications of the two groups after operation were analyzed. During fol ow-up, modified Cassebaum elbow scoring system was used to evaluate the excellent and good rate of therapy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After fol owed up for 12-36 months, the total excellent and good rate of Y-type steel plate was 76%and the total excellent and good rate of double steel plate was 77%. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). But interestingly, the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy was better than the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance and the difference was statistical y significant (P<0.05). Above data suggested that Y-type steel plate and double steel plate were effective ways in the repair of intercondylar humeral fractures. However, for different surgical approaches, the surgical approach of ulna olecranon osteotomy was better than the surgical approach of triceps V shaped severance.

[Objective]To evluate the influence of subacromial space caused by the relative position of acromion and humeral head,and to provide theoretical guidance for diagnosis,prevention and treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome.[Method]From October 2006 to March 2007,31 shoulders(13 men and 18 women with average age of 54.3)with subacromial impingement syndrome,from our department,were selected to form the patient group,An age and gender-matched of 40 asymptomatic shoulders(18 men and 22 women with average age of 52.8)formed the control group.The acromion index was measured on the Grashey view.The distance from the glenoid plane to the lateral border of the acromion was divided by the distance from the glenoid plane to the lateral aspect of the humeral head to calculate the acromion index.[Result]The average acromion index(and standard deviation)was(0.72?0.05),in patient group,(0.61?0.04)in the asymptomatic,normal shoulders.The difference between the index in the shoulders with subacromial impingement syndrome and the index in normal shoulder was highly significantly(P

Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; diagnosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Male

To explore some variation about normal electrocardiograph (ECG). Methods 6800 people aged 17～40 who hadhealth physical examination in our hospital from 1993～2011 were reviewed. Results The ECG of 4640 (68.24%) people are normal, 136(2%) were abnormal. The rest 2024 (29.76%) people probably had some ECG variation as follows: shorter PR interval (PR<0.12 s); PⅡ upsidedown; heart rate (HR): 40～60 beats/min, HR: 100～110 beats/min; incomplete right bundle branch block (ICRBBB); left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH); abnormal Q; RV1～RV5 amplitude were not increasing; SⅠSⅡSⅢ; STV3～V6 elevation>0.3～0.5 mV; Heart electrical axis is somewhatdeviation and heart position is somewhat shift; occasional superventricular premature beats or ventricular premature beats, etc. Theywere finally diagnosed as normal healthy people after 3～6 months follow-up with ultrasonic cardiogram (UCG), Holter and chest X rays,etc. Conclusion These abnormal ECG beyond normal ECG diagnosis standards are variation of normal ECG in health people.

Based on analyzing the problems of the existing medical monitoring systems and the clinical needs in medicine the main development aspects of modern medical monitoring techniques are discussed in the paper. Then the urgent needs of monitoring techniques are presented here.
Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; Computer Systems ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; trends ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation ; methods

AIM To prepare the transdermal drug delivery system of carbon nanotubes graft ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2 nanoemulsion.METHODS After 0.5％ carbon nanotubes' dispersion into the prepared nanoemulsion,the combination state was observed under transmission electron microscope.The skin irritation and transdermal mechanism of this drug delivery system were investigated.Then the UVA-damaged mouse skin model was established to evaluate the antioxidant activity.RESULTS Carbon nanotubes had strong adsorption to nanoemulsion,together with the formation of drug storage cavern in epidermis,thus increased the transdermal osmotic quantities of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2.The SOD activity in mouse skin tissue in the drug delivery system group was higher than that in the model group and the nanoemulsion group (P ＜0.01),and the MDA content was significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION The transdermal drug delivery system of carbon nanotubes graft ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2 nanoemulsion can make drugs play an antioxidant role because of its less irritation to skin and better skin permeability.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of two-stage delayed open reduction and internal fixation on Pilon fractures.Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ Pilon fracture were analyzed retrospectively.According to the Ruedi-Allgower classification,there were 18 cases with type Ⅱand 20 cases with type Ⅲ fracture.All patients underwent temporary fixation with calcaneal traction or external fixation for 7 to 17 days,and then they were treated with delayed surgery when the soft tissue injuries subsided.Results Follow-up was performed for 10 to 18 months.Based on the Mazur classification,the ankle function in 12 cases was excellent,18 cases as good,6 cases as fair and 2 cases as poor,with a satisfactory rate of 78.9％.Conclusion Two-stage delayed open reduction and internal fixation is a reasonable and effective procedure in treating type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ Pilon fractures with advantages of few complications and satisfactory ankle function.

Objective To investigate the expression of proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide in insulinoma and normal pancreas and their roles. Methods Thirty-eight cases of insulinoma and 20 cases of normal pancreas from Sep. 2006 to Dec. 2009 in our hospital were selected. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide. Results Proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide was expressed in insulinoma and normal pancreas. Proinsulin, C-peptide were strongly expressed in 100%insulinoma, while they were weekly expressed in 55% ～60% normal pancreas; insulin was expressed as + + +in 79% insulinoma, while it was expressed as + + + + in 85% normal pancreas. Proinsulin, C-peptide positive cell accounted for 80% ～ 100% of 38 insulinoma, and insulin positive cell accounted for 50% ～ 70%,the proinsulin/insulin ratio ＞ 1 accounted for 78.9%; while the corresponding values were 20% ～ 80%, 60% ～90%, 10.0% in normal pancreas, and the difference was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions The proinsulin/insulin ratio ＞ 1 is 78.9% in insulinoma, and detection of proinsulin may help to diagnose insulinoma.