Objective To investigate the honey and bran of processing for chemical compositions of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus.Methods With total polyphenols, total saponins, total polysaccharides and amino acids as the evaluation indexes, changes of the chemical compositions of these four chemical components in Raw product, honey products, bran products of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus were studied; in vitro activity of DPPH radical clearance for evaluation index, antioxidant activity of raw products, honey products, bran products of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus were compared.Results Raw products, honey products, and bran products of total saponin content were 3.332%, 4.880%, and 4.572%; total phenolic contents were 1.92%, 6.38%, and 7.30%; total polysaccharide contents were 35.99%, 40.38%, and 36.86%; the total amino acid contents were 0.67%, 0.76%, and 0.96%. Total polyphenol, total saponins, total polysaccharides, and total amino acids of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus after processing increased, in which the total polyphenol was most obvious; DPPH radical scavenging IC50 of raw products, honey products, and bran products were 0.47, 0.51, and 0.22 mg, respectively.Conclusion Compared with raw product, the content of chemical fractions in honey products and bran products of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus increase, and oxidation resistance is enhanced.

Objective To study the activated status of insula during the performance of word generation task, and to explore the function of different part of insula with functional MRI (fMRI). Methods Twenty-eight subjects were recruited in this study (male 15, female 13), all of them underwent block-designed fMRI with word generation tasks and resting-state scan. SPM 5 and REST 1.3 were used to process the data. Bilateral anterior insula and posterior insula were selected as seeds to calculate the connectivity coefficiency with other voxels, and differences between the anterior and the posterior insula were compared. Results Bilateral anterior insula was significantly activated, while bilateral posterior insula was significantly deactivated. The functional connectivity areas with left anterior insula included right anterior insula, right posterior insula, supplementary motor area (SMA), left superior temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobe, middle cingulate gyrus, right striatum and right inferior frontal gyrus. The functional connectivity areas with left posterior insula included right posterior insula, left anterior insula, right superior temporal gyrus, middle cingulate gyrus, right precentral gyrus and right striatum. The functional connectivity areas with right anterior insula included SMA, left inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobe, left inferior parietal lobe, left superior temporal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, right striatum, middle cingulate gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left striatum, right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus and left transverse temporal gyrus. The functional connectivity areas with right posterior insula included right precentral gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left anterior insula, left posterior insula, right supramarginal gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus. Conclusion Anterior insula and posterior insula are functionally connected with different areas, and concerned with the language function in different manners. Left lateral anterior insula may play an important role in the language function.

Objective To explore whether fluid-attenuated inversion recovery can be used to estimate the onset time of acute ischemic stroke (ALS) based on the analysis of signal strength through the fluid-attenuated inversion-recov?ery (FLAIR)and volume of interest (ROI) in ALS patients with known time of onset. Method Forty-seven AIS patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from Baotou Central Hospital, Department of Neurology from January 2011 to December 2012. The patients had stroke onset within 12 hours and completed MRI scan including diffusion-weighted imaging DWI, apparent diffusion and coefficient ADC FLAIR. Based on MRI findings, patients were divided into, three groups:0~180 min, 180~360 min and 360~720 min groups. Signal strength values of the DWI、FLAIR and ADC in ipsi?lateral and contralateral sides were measured. Result There was a significant difference in the FLAIR signal strength among these three groups.The FLAIR signal strength was significantly lower in 0~180 min and 180~360 min groups than in 360-720 min. FLAIR positive rate was 16.7%, 62.5%, and 70.6% in 0~180 min, 180~360 min and 360~729 min groups, respectively. Conclusion FLAIR positive rate gradually increases as the onset prolongs. Thus, lower FLAIR posi?tive rate indicates shorter onset time of AIS, which can be used to assist acute intravenous thrombolytic therapy.

Objective To investigate the effects of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and processed with vinegar on lipid metabolism of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The rat model of T2DM was induced by high fat diet plus STZ. The rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus high-dose group and low-dose group, and vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus high-dose group and low- dose group. The rats in each group were fed with the corresponding medicine for gavage for 30 d. FINS, FFA, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and MDH, total protein content of liver tissue were detected. HE staining was used to observe the histomorphological changes of liver and pancreas in rats. Results Compared with the model group, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus groups and vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus groups did not show obvious effects on improving FBG and FINS, but it could raise varying degrees of HDL-C and MDH, and reduce FFA, LDL-C, TC, and TG, among which vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus could significantly regulate metabolism in T2DM rats. Conclusion Vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus can enhance the lipid metabolism regulatory function of T2DM rats.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Arsenicals ; administration & dosage ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxides ; administration & dosage

Background:Traditional tissue engineering methods to fabricate urinary tract patch have some drawbacks such as compromised cell viability and uneven cell distribution within scaffold.In this study,we combined three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and tissue engineering method to form a tissue-engineered urinary tract patch,which could be employed for the application on Beagles urinary tract defect mode to verify its effectiveness on urinary tract reconstruction.Methods:Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were dropped into smooth muscle differentiation medium to generate induced microtissues (ID-MTs),flow cytometry was utilized to detect the positive percentage for CD44,CD105,CD45,and CD34 of hADSCs.Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) in hADSCs and MTs were identified by Western blotting.Then the ID-MTs were employed for 3D bioprinting.The bioprinted structure was encapsulated by transplantation into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice for 1 week.After retrieval of the encapsulated structure,hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to demonstrate the morphology and reveal collagen and smooth muscle fibers,integral optical density (IOD) and area of interest were calculated for further semiquantitative analysis.Immunofluorescent double staining of CD31 and a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were used to reveal vascularization of the encapsulated structure.Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2),α-SMA,and smoothelin of the MTs in the implanted structure.Afterward,the encapsulated structure was seeded with human urothelial cells.Immunofluorescent staining of cytokeradns AE1/AE3 was applied to inspect the morphology of seeded encapsulated structure.Results:The semi-quantitative assay showed that the relative protein expression of VEGFA was 0.355 ± 0.038 in the hADSCs vs.0.649 ± 0.150 in the MTs (t--3.291,P =0.030),while TSG-6 expression was 0.492 ± 0.092 in the hADSCs vs.1.256 ± 0.401 in the MTs (t =3.216,P =0.032).The semi-quantitative analysis showed that the mean IOD of IL-2 in the MT group was 7.67 ± 1.26,while 12.6 ± 4.79 in the hADSCs group,but semi-quantitative analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in the difference between the two groups (t =1.724,P =0.16).The semi-quantitative analysis showed that IOD was 71.7 ± 14.2 in noninduced MTs (NI-MTs) vs.35.7 ± 11.4 in ID-MTs for collagen fibers (t =3.428,P =0.027) and 12.8 ± 1.9 in NI-MTs vs.30.6 ± 8.9 in ID-MTs for smooth muscle fibers (t=3.369,P=0.028);furthermore,the mean IOD was 0.0613 ±0.0172 in ID-MTs vs.0.0017 ± 0.0009 in NI-MTs for α-SMA (t =5.994,P =0.027),while 0.0355 ± 0.0128 in ID-MTs vs.0.0035 ± 0.0022 in NI-MTs for smoothelin (t=4.268,P =0.013),which indicate that 3D bioprinted structure containing ID-MTs could mimic the smooth muscle layer of native urinary tract.After encapsulation of the urinary tract patch for additional cell adhesion,urothelial cells were seeded onto the encapsulated structures,and a monolayer urothelial cell was observed.Conclusion:Through 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering methods,we provided a promising way to fabricate tissue-engineered urinary tract patch for further investigation.

Objective To investigate the effects of standardized tertiary rehabilitation (STR) on limb motor function (LMF) after stroke.Methods Eighty-two patients were divided into a primary cerebral infarction group (PCI group) and a primary cerebral hemorrhage group (PCH group),and then randomly further divided into experi- mental and control sub-groups.All patients received routine internal medicine treatment,supplemented with stand- ardized tertiary" rehabilitation in the experimental groups.All patients were assessed with the simplified Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment (S-FMMFA) at enrollment,and 1,3 and 6 months after their stroke.Results The scores of the experimental groups were higher than those of the controls.The experimental groups scores were 26.10% of normal at the time of the enrollment,and improved to 42.52%,65.62% and 83.71% by the end of the 1st,3rd and 6th month,respectively.The control groups started at 18.51%,and progressed to 24.85% ,37.24% and 45.84% over the same interval.Conclusion STR was associated with improved LMF scores of stroke pa- tients.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of anterior versus posterior surgical treatments of thoracolumbar fractures.

METHODSRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs) were identified from MEDLINE (1966 - 2006.7), EMBASE (1966 - 2006.7), PubMed (1996 - 2006.7), Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2006).We hand-searched Chinese Journal of Orthopedics (from establishment to May 2006) and Orthopaedic Journal of China (from establishment to May 2006). RCTs and CCTs were included. Data were extracted by two reviewers with designed extraction form. RevMan 4.2.8 software was used for data analysis.

RESULTSTwo RCTs and four prospective clinical trials were included. The combined results showed that compare with posterior surgical management, anterior approach in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures proved the less incidence of complications; better neurologic recovery and corrected kyphosis angle; more complete and reliable decompression of the canal. However, there was not difference between the two groups in the general status outcomes.

CONCLUSIONSTo compare with posterior fixation system, anterior surgical managements in the thoracolumbar spinal trauma might be the optimal choices because the lower rates of complications and loss of corrected kyphosis angle; better neurologic recovery, also. Besides, due to the lack of Evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal injuries, the results which indicated above need further study.

Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; Treatment Outcome

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of digestive system with poor prognosis,and surgical resection is still the only hope for a radical cure. Although the current consensus and guidelines describe in detail the standard and extended range of lymph node dissection,the selection of specific range of lymph node dissection and its impact on prognosis are still controversial. Current studies have not only proposed some improved extent of lymph node dissection, such as total mesopancreas excision and Heidelberg triangle dissection, but also suggested different extent of lymph node dissection for ventral and dorsal pancreatic head cancer. In addition, the prognosis of pancreatic head cancer in uncinate process and non-uncinate process is different after para-aortic lymph node dissection, which is worthy of further study. Neoadjuvant therapy or conversion therapy provides more surgical opportunities for patients with pancreatic cancer. For these patients, Heidelberg triangle dissection has potential value in improving prognosis. This paper summarizes the exploration and latest progress of standard and extended lymph node dissection, lymph node dissection of specific site of pancreatic head cancer and the extent of lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant/transformation therapy in recent years.
Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Pancreas/pathology* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the community-based management status of hypertensive patients aged 35 or over in China and provide basic data for evaluation by investigating the hypertensive patients managed in communities.

METHODSThe subjects in this study were recruited from the individuals of the 2010 China Non-communicable and Chronic Diseases. In September 2011, flow-up survey and a cross-section analysis has been done during the same people interviewed in 2010. Clustering sampling method was used to select 11 977 samples aged 35 or over and diagnosed by doctors from community level or above hospitals to be interviewed. A face to face questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information on general demographic characteristics, the treatment and control of blood pressure and risk factors of the hypertensive patients of community management.Sample was weighted according to complex sampling scheme and post-stratification to represent the population of Chinese hypertensive patients aged 35 or over and the rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the subgroups according to different characteristics. The Rao-scott χ(2) test was performed to test for the differences of the rates of the subgroups.

RESULTSIn the survey, there were 11 977 patients aged 35 or over diagnosed as hypertension by doctors, and among them, a total of 5120 hypertensive patients had been under management in communities. After being weighted the rate of management of hypertensive patients in communities was 43.99% (95%CI:38.17%-49.81%). There was a significant difference in the proportion of patients receiving management services when comparing different age groups (χ(2) = 21.98, P < 0.01) and sex (χ(2) = 4.18, P < 0.05), the rate of management among the patients aged 65 or over was 46.97% (95%CI:40.44%-53.50%), while among the patients aged 35 to 44 was only 37.72% (31.78%-43.65%). The rate of management was higher among females (45.37%, 95%CI:39.24%-51.50%) than males (42.50%, 95%CI:36.71%-48.30%). The overall rate of standardized management of hypertensive patients managed in communities was 35.30% (95%CI:31.78%-38.81%). The research also found differences in the proportions of patients receiving standardized management services when comparing different age groups (χ(2) = 28.66, P < 0.05), gender (χ(2) = 235.85, P < 0.01), and regions (χ(2) = 9.29, P < 0.05). The rate of receiving standardized management services among the patients aged 65 or over was 40.52% (95%CI:36.21%-44.82%), while among the patients aged 35 to 44 was only 26.18% (95%CI:20.07%-32.29%), the rate was lower among males (16.78%, 95%CI:14.13%-19.42%) than females(51.29%, 95%CI:46.41%-56.16%) , the rate of patients living in urban areas (38.53%, 95%CI:34.34%-42.72%) was higher than patients living in rural areas (33.36%, 95%CI:28.17%-38.55%) . The differences of the treatment rates of hypertensive patients managed in communities were found among different age groups (χ(2) = 26.39, P < 0.01), gender (χ(2) = 13.91, P < 0.01), and regions (χ(2) = 4.27, P < 0.05), the rate of treatment was 94.67% (93.41%-95.93%) among the patients aged 65 or over , while 86.47% (95%CI:81.05%-91.89%) among patients aged 35 to 44, the rate of treatment was higher among females (94.35%, 95%CI:93.15%-95.55%) than among males (90.84%, 95%CI:88.99%-92.70%), and it was also higher among patients living in urban regions (94.17%, 95%CI:92.62%-95.71%) than among patients living in rural regions (91.86%, 95%CI:90.20%-93.52%). The rate of control of hypertensive patients managed in communities was 33.13% (95%CI:29.50%-36.76%) and the rate was higher among the subjects living in the urban areas (45.09%, 95%CI:38.73%-51.45%) than in rural areas (25.96%, 95%CI:21.63%-30.30%) (χ(2) = 22.40, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONResults from our study showed that community management of hypertension had been popularized across the country. And it could significantly improve the program on the treatment and control of hypertension at the community level in China.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Community Health Services ; organization & administration ; Disease Management ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires