No abstract available.
Tongue*

Root surfaces affected by periodontal disease undergo various forms of changes. Cementum exposure from gingival recession may result in absorption of calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride and subsequent hypermineralization and increased radiodensity. Although some reports have suggested that inorganic content with root cementum might show various changes depending upon age or extent of periodontal disease, but no consensus can be reached regarding the the distribution of various elements. The present study examines the difference in mineral content between healthy and periodontal diseased roots by analyzing three areas per tooth along the root surface in cervico-apical direction using electron probe and scanning electron microscope. Healthy tooth that was extracted for orthodontic purpose was used as control. Experimental teeth include those with periodontal pocket depth exceeding 6mm and those with gingival recession and periodontal pocket depth of 2-4mm. Levels of Ca, P, Mg and Na were measured using wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometer at three areas per tooth. The examined areas were located apical to cemento-enamel junction in control and periodontal ligament-depleted areas in experimental teeth. The corresponding areas were also examined with scanning electron microscope(x70) The results are as follows. 1. Minerals were detected in order of Ca, P, Mg and Na. In all root surfaces, levels of Ca and P were higher in dentin than in cementum. 2. Level of Mg was twice as high in dentin than in cementum. There was no significant difference in the level of Mg and Na between normal and periodontal diseased roots or between the various locations in the same root. 3. Level of Ca and P in the surface cementum showed no difference between normal and periodontal diseased root, although the areas in dentin with high level of either ion also showed high level of corresponding ion incementum. 4. Difference in the Ca and P content between various locations within the same root was noted, although no coherent pattern existed. These results suggest that although the mineral content of the root cementum in periodontitis-affected tooth is affected by exogenous ions from saliva and food, but there was no difference in the mineral contents between normal and periodontally diseased root.
Absorption ; Calcium ; Consensus ; Dental Cementum ; Dentin ; Electron Probe Microanalysis* ; Fluorides ; Gingival Recession ; Ions ; Minerals ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Pocket ; Phosphorus ; Saliva ; Tooth

One of the fundamental causes of periodontal disease is accumulation of bacterial plaque and calculus and most effective method of removing these plaque and calculus are scaling and root planning using hand curet and ultrasonic scaler. Many studies concerning residual degenerated mineral content after periodontal therapies have been carried out, but some problems about these studies were also known. This research studies mineral concents and distribution of residual root surfaces after perfoming hand curet and ultrasonic scaler on root surfaces of single rooted teeth which were extracted for periodontal reasons. EPMA were used to avoid errors from chemical quantative analysis and in addition SEM observation was also performed. The results were as follows. 1. No differences were found between curet group andultrasonic scaler group in Ca, P, Mg and Na level. 2. Concentration level was decreased in the sequence of Ca, P, Mg and Na. 3. Ca and P level were decreased as going to apical portion at curet group and ultrasonic scaler group. 4. More cementum was removed at cervical portion compared to other portion at curet group and ultrasonic scaler group. 5. Ca, P, Mg level was higher in dentin compared to cememtum. There was no difference in mineral level for Ca, P, Mg and Na between root surfaces treated with hand curet and ultrasonic scaler.
Calculi ; Dental Cementum ; Dentin ; Hand ; Periodontal Diseases ; Tooth ; Ultrasonics*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Dogs ; Mandible

Objective: Suicidal ideation (SI) precedes actual suicidal event. Thus, it is important for the prevention of suicide to screen the individualswith SI. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with SI and to build prediction models in Korean adults using machinelearning methods. Methods: The 2010–2013 dataset of the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey was used as the training dataset(n=16,437), and the subset collected in 2015 was used as the testing dataset (n=3,788). Various machine learning algorithms were appliedand compared to the conventional logistic regression (LR)-based model. Results: Common risk factors for SI included stress awareness, experience of continuous depressive mood, EQ-5D score, depressivedisorder, household income, educational status, alcohol abuse, and unmet medical service needs. The prediction performances of themachine learning models, as measured by the area under receiver-operating curve, ranged from 0.794 to 0.877, some of which were betterthan that of the conventional LR model (0.867). The Bayesian network, LogitBoost with LR, and ANN models outperformed the conventionalLR model. Conclusion A machine learning-based approach could provide better SI prediction performance compared to a conventional LRbasedmodel. These may help primary care physicians to identify patients at risk of SI and will facilitate the early prevention of suicide.Psychiatry Investig 2020;17(4):331-340

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare disease which often presents itself firstly in the ear, nose and throat (ENT) department. Characteristic features include auricular chondritis, arthritis, nasal chondritis, ocular inflammation, respiratory tract involvement and audiovestibular damage. The mainstay of treatment has been corticosteroid but other agents have been used either alone or in conjunction with it. These other agents include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, dapsone and colchicine which are helpful for mild disease and cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, cyclosporin. Authors have recently experienced a case of relapsing polychondritis in a 32 year old man who had suddenly experienced loss of hearing in his left ear with vertigo. The patient showed no significant improvement with the treatment using steroid and immunosuppressive agents, but showed significant hearing improvement when he was aggressively treated with plasmapheresis. We report this case with a review of the literature.
Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Arthritis ; Azathioprine ; Colchicine ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cyclosporine ; Dapsone ; Ear ; Ear, Inner* ; Hearing ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Inflammation ; Nose ; Pharynx ; Plasmapheresis ; Polychondritis, Relapsing* ; Rare Diseases ; Respiratory System ; Vertigo

Objective: : Isoflurane, a widely used common inhalational anesthetic agent, can induce brain toxicity. The challenge lies in protecting neurologically compromised patients from neurotoxic anesthetics. Choline alfoscerate (L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine, α-GPC) is recognized for its neuroprotective properties against oxidative stress and inflammation, but its optimal therapeutic window and indications are still under investigation. This study explores the impact of α-GPC on human astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain that protect against oxidative stress, under isoflurane exposure. Methods: : This study was designed to examine changes in factors related to isoflurane-induced toxicity following α-GPC administration. Primary human astrocytes were pretreated with varying doses of α-GPC (ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 μM) for 24 hours prior to 2.5% isoflurane exposure. In vitro analysis of cell morphology, water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, proteome profiler array, and transcriptome sequencing were conducted. Results: : A significant morphological damage to human astrocytes was observed in the group that had been pretreated with 10.0 mM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane. A decrease in cell viability was identified in the group pretreated with 10.0 μM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane compared to the group exposed only to 2.5% isoflurane. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that mRNA expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which were reduced by isoflurane, was further suppressed by 10.0 μM α-GPC pretreatment. The proteome profiler array demonstrated that α-GPC pretreatment influenced a variety of factors associated with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing identified pathways significantly related to changes in isoflurane-induced toxicity caused by α-GPC pretreatment. Conclusion : The findings suggest that α-GPC pretreatment could potentially enhance the vulnerability of primary human astrocytes to isoflurane-induced toxicity by diminishing the expression of antioxidant factors, potentially leading to amplified cell damage.

This study assessed the ability of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology, Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scoring systems, as well as the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II method to predict group mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients who were poisoned with organophosphate. The medical records of 149 organophosphate poisoned patients admitted to the ICU from September 2006 to December 2012 were retrospectively examined. The SOFA, APACHE II, and SAPS II were calculated based on initial laboratory data in the Emergency Department, and during the first 24 hr of ICU admission. The probability of death was calculated for each patient based on the SOFA score, APACHE II score, and SAPS II equations. The ability to predict group mortality by the SOFA score, APACHE II score, and SAPS II method was assessed using two by two decision matrices and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A total of 131 patients (mean age, 61 yr) were enrolled. The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies were 86.2%, 82.4%, and 83.2% for the SOFA score, respectively; 65.5%, 68.6%, and 67.9% for the APACHE II scoring system, respectively; and 86.2%, 77.5%, and 79.4% for the SAPS II, respectively. The areas under the curve in the ROC curve analysis for the SOFA score, APACHE II scoring system, and SAPS II were 0.896, 0.716, and 0.852, respectively. In conclusion, the SOFA, APACHE II, and SAPS II have different capability to discriminate and estimate early in-hospital mortality of organophosphate poisoned patients. The SOFA score is more useful in predicting mortality, and easier and simpler than the APACHE II and SAPS II.
*APACHE ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; *Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphate Poisoning/*diagnosis/mortality ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Severity of Illness Index

Bone Marrow ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Mandible ; Recurrence ; Replantation ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of sudden unexpected death in infancy and to evaluate the importance of postmortem autopsy. METHODS: We reviewed, retrospectively, medical records of 34 infants admitted to Kangnam General Hospital from January 1987 to December 2001 because of sudden unexpected death. We investigated the cause of death through medical history, death scene examination, autopsy findings, acylcarnitine and organic acid analysis. RESULTS: Among the total 34 infants, 18 were male(52.9%) and 16 were female(47.1%). Thirty infants(88%) were below the six months of age. Winter was the most affected season(38.2%). Eighteen infants(52.9%) died between 6 and 12AM. The prone sleeping position was observed more frequently than the supine position at death; nine cases in the prone position, six cases in the supine position. The cause of death of 23 cases could not be found by only history and death scene examination. Autopsy was done in 13 cases. Seven cases of them were thought to be SIDS. In six cases, we explained the cause of death with autosy findings. They were an endocardial fibroelastosis, a nesidioblastosis, a subdural hematoma, a bronchopneumonia and two fatty changes of liver. Metabolic screening tests performed in three cases to rule out metabolic disorder since 2000 were all normal. CONCLUSION: We concluded that autopsy and metabolic screening test should be performed to find out the cause of death in sudden unexpected death in infancy.
Autopsy* ; Bronchopneumonia ; Cause of Death ; Endocardial Fibroelastosis ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Nesidioblastosis ; Prone Position ; Retrospective Studies ; Sudden Infant Death ; Supine Position