A clinical observation was made on the bladder tumors of the inpatients in the Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital during the period January. 1957 through June, 1967. During the period, of 1.836 cases (1,372 males and 464 females) hospitalized, 99 cases had bladder tumors, giving a rate of 5.3%. Among the 99 cases, 88 cases could be studied and the following results were obtained. 1. Among the 88 cases, 68 cases were male and 20 cases were female with ratio of 3.4 to 1. 2. Age distribution ranged from 22 years to 79 years, 70.5% of cases were in the age group of 4o~69. 3. Hematuria which occurred in 80 cases is the most common initial disturbance. The other common manifestations are frequency, dysuria and urinary retention as in order. 4. 54 cases or 61.5% of the cases visited to hospital within one year after the occurrence of initial disturbance. 5. 37.8% of the cases involved in the lateral wall, 30.7% in the posterior wall, 12.1% in the entire wall and 7.9% in the trigone. 6. As the methods of treatments, T.U.R. was performed 43 times, 29 time of electrocoagulation through suprapubic cystotomy and 12 times of partial resection of the bladder were done. 7. Among 88 cases, pathologic diagnosis was made in 72 cases. Transitional cell carcinoma is observed in 62 cases, adenocarcinoma in 4 cases, metastatic carcinoma in 3 cases and squamous cell carcinoma in 1 case. 8. 27 (30.7%) cases had had follow-up studies one or more times for 2 months to six and half years. At the first follow-up study 6 cases were tumor free and 21 cases had recurrent tumors.
Adenocarcinoma ; Age Distribution ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystotomy ; Diagnosis ; Dysuria ; Electrocoagulation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Seoul ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Retention ; Urology

The teeth present at birth are called natal teeth, while the teeth that appear within the first thirty days following birth are called neonatal teeth. Approximately one in 2,000 to 3,500 infants experiences the eruption of teeth at birth or within the first few weeks postpartum. Many contributing factors have been suggested for the premature eruption of primary teeth. It has been suggested that upon eruption these teeth are of normal structure according to their developmental age, but after eruption, lateral movement in the cervical area leads to disturbance of the dentin and premature degeneration of Hertwig's root sheath. In most cases, they have immature, aborted structures consisting only of caps of enamel, dentin, or a combination of both. A radiograph can show the presence or absence of enamel, dentin, or root structures, as well as supernumerary teeth. These teeth may be aspirated or swallowed during feeding. Discomfort from mobile and erupting teeth often causes the infant to refuse to feed. In addition, a nursing mother's nipples may become lacerated and infected. Extraction is the indicated treatment if these neonatal teeth cause discomfort or demonstrate mobility or incomplete, immature development. Treatment decisions must be made on an individual basis from both clinical and radiographic findings. We report four cases of neonatal teeth in complete cleft lip and palate patients.
Cleft Lip* ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Humans ; Infant ; Natal Teeth ; Nipples ; Nursing ; Palate* ; Parturition ; Postpartum Period ; Tooth* ; Tooth, Deciduous ; Tooth, Supernumerary

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Humans ; Psychopathology*

We studied the effect of retinoic acid, a potent differentiation inducer, on the proliferation and invasiveness of hormone resistant prostatic cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU-145. Cellular growth measurement by MTY assay, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis, Papanicolaou staining for examining the change of morphologic features and in vitro invasion assay using artificial basement membrane, matrigel, were performed under various concentration of all-trans-retinoic acid. Inhibition of cellular proliferation was retinoic acid dose dependent in both cell lines. Decreased S-phase and increased G-1 phase fraction were identified with time dependent manner in both cell lines. Less prominent chromatin and nucleotide, decreased nucleus/cytoplasm ratio were shown in Papanicolaou staining after 7 days culture with 10 uM of retinoic acid. In in vitro invasion assay, PC-3 cells showed decreased netlike formation and penetration though matrigel, and DU-145 cells showed decreased colony formation with 10 uM of retinoic acid. These findings suggest that the retinoic acid could ave the possibility of clinical application in hormone resistant prostatic cancer patients as a new therapeutic modality, differentiation therapy.
Basement Membrane ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line* ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromatin ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Tretinoin*

Assay of serum acid phosphatase activity have become a routine and standard examination for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with prostatic carcinoma. However its value in these situation has become increasingly controversial. Herein we performed enzymatic assay and radioimmunoassay in 30 normal Korean males, 20 histologically diagnosed B. P. H patients and 15 patients with a histologic diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. Bodansky method was used in enzymatic assay and its normal range was 0.1 U/dl. In radioimmunoassay the double-antibody method was used. The results of enzymatic assay in normal males were in within normal range. In radioimmunoassay the results were ranged 0.5-3.2ng/ml and the mean was 1. 65+/-0.62 ng/ml. The results of B. P. H. patients were in normal range by both methods. Three of 15 patients with prostatic carcinoma were in stage A or C and their values were within normal range by both methods. Among 12 patients with bony metastatic prostate carcinoma, the valus were elevated in 10 patients by enzymatic away, but were elevated in all patients by radioimmunoassay. There was no significant difference between two methods statistically (p >0.05). The elevated values were found in B. F. H. patients immediately following T. U. R. in 3 patients by radioimmunoassay In 4 patients with bony metastatic prostate carcinoma, the values were decreased following endocrine therapy. Assay of prostatic acid phosphatase are very important in differentiating the tumor stage and in follow-up. Considering a false-positive and false-negative rate, technical problem and cost-effectiveness, the radioimmunoassay is not better than enzymatic assay.
Acid Phosphatase* ; Diagnosis ; Enzyme Assays* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Radioimmunoassay* ; Reference Values

Urothelial tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter are rare. Because of similar histologic appearance, symptomatology and epidemiology both tumors are considered as a single entity. We herein analyze retrospectively 55 patients with urothelial tumors of upper urinary tract who were admitted to Dept. of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital during 15 year period from June, 1970 to June. 1984. Most patients were in 6th and 7th decades. The predominant symptom was hematuria (83 %). The most common finding on I. V. P. was a filling defect (45%), as well as R. G. P.(78 %). The antegrade pyelography and CT scan were beneficial in differential diagnosis of nonopaque filling defect and in differentiating urothelial tumor from renal parenchymal tumor. Concomitant tumors were found in 25% of patients on initial presentation. Various surgical interventions were performed in 45 patients and palliative managements in 10 patients. Major proportion of patients were in stage A. or D. There was close correlation between cellular Grade and tumor Stage. Only 28 patients in 55 were followed properly. 17 patients in 28(61 %) survived more than 2 years. The bladder tumor recurred in 7 in 20 patients with stage A, B or C. Average survival of 8 patients with distant metastasis was 8.6 months. The incidence of bladder tumor in 2 year survived patients was 41%. The recurrence of Ureteral stump were found in 3 of 13 patients(23%).
Diagnosis, Differential ; Epidemiology ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Pelvis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Tract* ; Urography ; Urology

Pelvic sarcoma is rare disease. It is very difficult to detect and to treat such tumor in early stage due to the location. But modern anti-cancer therapeutic modalities improve the prognosis. Herein we analyze the experiences of 8 patients of pelvic sarcoma during a recent 10 year period. Six patients were male and 2 were female. Presentations were urinary obstruction in 3 patients, abdominal mass in 5. Various radiologic diagnostic examinations were performed and the results of compressing the adjacent organs rather invasion were founded. Distant metastasis was not recognized in all cases. Exploratory laparotomies were performed in all patients. In 5 patients, mass excision with or without adjacent organs was possible and fecal or urinary diversions were done. In 3 patients, the excision was impossible and fecal, urinary diversions and biopsy for pathologic diagnosis were done. Rhabdomyosarcoma was in one patient, leiomyosarcoma in 3, liposarcoma in 3 and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is one. In postoperative long term follow up, the 3 patients died within 6 months whose tumors were not resectable. The 3 patients survived more than 3 years whose tumor masses were excised and who received adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In one patient, a local recurrence occurred and died of sepsis during postoprative chemotherapy, in one patient now in observation under radiotherapy. The treatment of sarcoma in pelvic cavity must include multiple anti-cancer therapeutic modalities.
Biopsy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Chondrosarcoma ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Liposarcoma ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Sarcoma* ; Sepsis ; Urinary Diversion ; Urology*

An in vitro method using agarose gel which is chemically stable and easily soluble for growing various stones is developed. The optimal conditions for formation of stone crystals in agarose gel were defined as 0.75% of gel concentration, 7ml of gel volume and 24mm of diameter of test tube. We studied the formation and inhibition of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystals which comprises most urinary stones. Calcium containing stones formed under different conditions including pH in this media were identified by qualitative and quantitative analysis and light as well as scanning electron microscopic examination. Calcium oxalate monohydrate(whewellite) was formed in all pH condition, calcium hydro genphosphate dehydrate(brushite) in pH 5.5 and octacalcium phosphate in pH 7.5. The results obtained indicate that agarose gel system is a good model for an investigation of stone crystal formation because of its simplicity and reproducibility. The effects of known inhibitor, magnesium, citrate and pyrophosphate to the formation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystals were explored in this system. The inhibitory activity of pyrophosphate was maximum, then citrate, magnesium in order, in both calcium oxalate monohydrate and octacalcium phosphate crystal formation and the activity was not influenced by a variation in pH. However the activity of these inhibitors was minimal in calcium hydrogenphosphate dehydrate. According to the findings that the appearance of the crystal was similar, but size of it was smaller in the formed crystals which was under influence of the inhibitors, the inhibitory activity appeared to exerted on the process of crystal aggregation.
Calcium Oxalate* ; Calcium* ; Citric Acid ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium ; Sepharose* ; Urinary Calculi ; Urolithiasis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin, a selective alpha1Aadrenoreceptor antagonist in the treatment of urinary outflow obstruction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Korean patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was a single-blind and randomized design. Tamsulosin, fixed dose of 0.2 mg was taken once daily for 8 weeks. In control group, terazosin, a non-selective c 1-adrcnoreceptor antagonist was administrated with escalating dose of 1 to 5 mg once daily. The study enrolled 98 patients, and 72 patients were included in the analyses at weeks 4 and 8. RESULTS: Both tamsulosin and terazosin had similar significant improvements in subjective and objective symptoms of urinary outflow obstruction (p<0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly in the terazosin-treated patients (p<0.05). Adverse events, most frequently dry mouth and dizziness, usually mild and transient, were observed significantly more in patients on terazosin (18 patients versus I patients on tamsulosin, p<0.001) and led to discontinuation of therapy in two patients on terazosin. CONCLUSION: Tamsulosin, a selective 1A-adrcnorcccptor antagonist, was effective in urinary outflow obstruction associated with BPH. The efficacy of tamsulosin was similar to terazosin, but had a marked better safety profile.
Dizziness ; Humans ; Mouth ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

Carotid endarterectomy is superior to medical treatment in preventing secondary stroke in patients with symptomatic high grade carotid stenosis. Transluminal angioplasty is a promising procedure as an alternative treatment for these patients. We report two cases of carotid angioplasty with Palmaz-Schatz stent in patients with carotid artery occlusive disease. One patient presented with decreased right visual acuity because of retinal arterial embolism. The angiogram demonstrated a discrete tight stenosis of right internal carotid artery carotid stenting with Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent was performed without any significant complications. The other patient presented with recurrent episodes of cerebral infarction, for which he had undergone left carotid erdarterectomy 3-years ago. The carotid angiogram demonstrated tight stenoses of both internal carotid arteries. Carotid artery stenting was performed at left and right internal carotid arteries without any complications. We suggest that stenting may be an effective and safe therapeutic alternative to surgical treatment in some selected patients with carotid artery occlusive disease.
Angioplasty* ; Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Carotid Stenosis* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Embolism ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Humans ; Retinaldehyde ; Stents* ; Stroke ; Visual Acuity