OBJECTIVE: To investigate hypertension (HTN) trends, key risk factors, and gender disparities in rural China, and to propose targeted strategies for improving HTN control in resource-limited settings. METHODS: This longitudinal study used data from the Henan Rural Cohort Study, including baseline (2015-2017; n = 39,224) and follow-up (2018-2022; n = 28,621) participants. HTN was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, self-reported diagnosis, or use of antihypertensive medication. Severity was classified using a 7-tier blood pressure (BP) staging system (optimal, normal, high normal, and HTN stages 1-4). A generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) identified associated risk factors. RESULTS: HTN prevalence increased modestly from 32.7% (95% CI: 32.2-33.2) to 33.9% (95% CI: 33.3%-34.4%). Awareness and treatment improved from 20.1% to 25.3%, and from 18.8% to 24.4%, respectively, but control rates remained low (6.2% to 12.3%). After adjustment, women had a 1.53-fold higher HTN risk than men ( OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.43-1.63), revealing gender-specific trends. Key risk factors included alcohol use ( OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.27-1.47) and overweight status ( OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.66-1.86). BP staging showed an increase in optimal BP (42.3% to 45.8%), but stagnant management of advanced HTN stages. CONCLUSION Hypertension in rural China is shaped by behavioral risk factors and healthcare access gaps. Gender-sensitive, community-based interventions, including task-shifting models, are necessary to mitigate the growing burden of hypertension.
Humans ; Hypertension/etiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Male ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Sex Factors ; Cohort Studies ; East Asian People

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma patients with extracapsular segmental vein tumor thrombus during partial nephrectomy and to explore the clinical significance,thereby contributing to an advanced comprehension of the pathogenesis of cancer thrombus in renal cell carcinoma.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 209 renal cell carcinoma patients(162 with T1a stage,47 with T1b stage)who underwent partial nephrectomy in our hospital during Sep.2023 and Jul.2025.Among them,8 patients with extracapsular segmental vein tumor thrombus were identified,and the clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed.Results Among the 8 cases of extracapsular segmental vein tumor thrombus,1 was in T1a stage and 7 were in T1b stage.Preoperativc CT revealed roundish,solid renal masses with heterogeneous density on non-contrast scans,significant enhancement on contrast-enhanced scans,and markedly weaker enhancement in the renal parenchymal phase compared to normal renal tissue.The average tumor diameter was(4.9±0.2)cm,with clear boundaries and no evidence of vascular invasion.Postoperative pathology confirmed clear cell carcinoma in all cases,with International Society of Urological Pathology(ISUP)grades ranging from Ⅰ to Ⅳ,and all surgical margins were negative.After surgery,5 patients received adjuvant immunotherapy.In a median follow-up of 10.3(3.8-22.8)months,no tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed.Conclusion Renal cell carcinoma has a high propensity of vascular invasion,and even clinically staged T1 tumors may develop extracapsular segmental vein tumor thrombus.This finding is significant for clinical prognosis.

To investigate the transcriptionally regulatory mechanism of the senp8 promoter in yellow cat-fish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco);this study used P.fulvidraco as the research subject.Dual-luciferase re-porter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were employed to analyze the functional activity of the promoter;coupled with in vivo experiments.The results indicated that the 2 045 bp senp8 promoter se-quence contained key transcription factor binding sites such as SP1;TATA-Box;CCAAT-Box;SREBP1;PPARα;and PPARγ.The binding sites of SREBP1(-901/-910 bp);PPARα(-1 291/-1 308 bp);and PPARγ(-1 292/-1 306 bp)in the senp8 promoter positively regulate its activity;and oleic acid or palmitic acid promote this binding.Furthermore;high-fat feeding promoted the expression of the senp8 gene and its protein in the liver of P.fulvidraco;oleic acid or palmitic acid treatment significantly en-hanced the activity of the senp8 promoter;and this enhancement could be achieved through the regulatory effects of SREBP1;PPARα;and PPARγ response elements.Additionally;high-fat feeding influenced the mRNA and protein expression levels of genes related to deSUMOylation modification in the liver of P.fulvidraco.This study provides new insights into the relationship between deSUMOylation modification and the regulation of lipid metabolism in the vertebrates.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms by which astaxanthin(AST)alleviates oxaliplatin(OXA)-induced neuropathic pain through antioxidant pathways so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical intervention.Methods Animal experiments:SD rats were divided into five groups(n=6):control group,OXA(4 mg/kg)group,OXA+Oil group,OXA+AST(5 mg/kg)group,and OXA+AST(10 mg/kg)group.Mechanical and cold pain thresholds were measured at day 0,7,14,and 21.Malondialdehyde(MDA)content and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG)were detected using the thiobarbituric acid(TBA)method and WST-1 assay,respectively.Western blotting was performed to analyze the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1.Cell experiments:neuro-2a cells were divided into control group,OXA(50 μmol/L)group,AST(10 μmol/L)group,and OXA(50 μmol/L)+AST(10 μmol/L)group.Cells were treated with nerve growth factor(NGF,50 ng/mL)to induce growth,and morphological changes were observed under an inverted microscope.Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)level and mitochondrial superoxide were measured using DCFH-DA fluorescent probe and MitoSOXTM red,respectively.Mitochondrial function was assessed by JC-1 assay.Western blotting was used to detect Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions.Results Animal experiments:① Mechanical and cold pain thresholds were reduced in OXA and OXA+Oil groups(P＜0.05),while AST significantly increased these thresholds in OXA-treated rats(P＜0.05).② SOD activity decreased while MDA content increased in the DRG of OXA-treated rats(P＜0.05).AST restored SOD activity and reduced MDA level(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).③ Western blotting showed elevated Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions in OXA group(P＞0.05),which were further upregulated by AST(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Cell experiments:① OXA reduced the number of neurite-bearing cells and shortened the average neurite length(P＜0.05).Inverted microscopic observation revealed that AST intervention increased both parameters(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).② OXA increased intracellular and mitochondrial ROS fluorescence intensity(P＜0.05),which was attenuated by AST(P＜0.01).③ JC-1 assay revealed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in OXA group(P＜0.01),which was partially reversed by AST(P＜0.05).④ Western blotting results showed that OXA upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and AST further enhanced their levels(P＜0.01).Conclusion AST alleviates OXA-induced neuropathic pain by promoting Nrf2/HO-1 expression,enhancing SOD activity,reducing lipid peroxidation and ROS production,and improving mitochondrial function.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men, the incidence of which gradually increases with age and leads to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are widely used for the treatment of BPH in China and some other countries. To explore the molecular mechanisms of CHMs for BPH, we conducted a review based on peer-reviewed English-language publications in PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to December 31, 2023. This article primarily reviewed 32 papers on the use of CHMs and its active compounds in the treatment of BPH, covering animal and cell experiments, and identified relevant mechanisms of action. The results suggest that the mechanisms of action of CHMs in treating BPH may involve the regulation of sex hormones, downregulation of cell growth factors, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, inhibition of cell proliferation, and promotion of apoptosis. CHMs also exhibit α-blocker-like effects, with the potential to relax urethral smooth muscle and alleviate LUTS. Additionally, we also reviewed 4 clinical trials and meta-analyses of CHMs for the treatment of BPH patients, which provided initial evidence of the safety and effectiveness of CHMs treatment. CHMs treatment for BPH shows advantages as a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway therapy, which can mitigate the severity of the disease, improve LUTS, and may become a reliable treatment option in the future.
Prostatic Hyperplasia/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Male ; Animals

Objective To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of middle-aged and elderly patients with pulmonary ciliated muconodular papillary adenoma(CMPA).Methods Clinical and pathological data as well as follow-up information of 6 middle-aged and elderly patients with CMPA were collected and or-ganized.Tumor tissue samples were observed,and HE staining and immunohistochemical analysis were per-formed on the slices.Results The age range of onset for 6 patients was 55-74 years old,with a median age of 65 years old,and a male to female ratio of 1∶5.In terms of lesion location,there were 2 cases in the left lung and 4 cases in the right lung.CT scan showed that the tumor presents as ground glass nodules or single round solid nodules,with short spikes visible at the edges of some nodules.All patients underwent wedge resection of lung tissue for treatment.Histologically,tumors consist of a bilayer cell structure consisting of luminal epi-thelial cells(including ciliated cells and mucinous cells)and basal cells,forming an glandular or papillary mor-phology.Mucus deposition could be observed within and around the cavity.Immunohistochemical results showed that all cells expressed thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1)positively,focal positive expression of aspartic protease A(Napsin A),and no expression of cytokeratin 20(CK20);Basal cells expressed p63 and CK5/6,with lower expression of Ki-67.Molecular testing did not detect any clear gene mutations.Conclusion CMPA has a biological behavior that is either benign or low-grade malignant,and has a good prognosis.

Objective: To develop a modified calculation formula for renal tumor volume and tumor contact surface area (CSA) based on the modeling results of 3D Slicer software, and to create a webpage of the calculation formula for use. Methods: The general information and tumor anatomical data of 98 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy during Jan.2021 and Jul.2023 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were retrospectively analyzed.The imaging data were input into 3D Slicer software in the form of Dicom files for tumor and ipsilateral kidney modeling to obtain tumor anatomical data.The relationship between tumor anatomical parameters and tumor volume and CSA was analyzed using multifactorial linear regression.The initial modified formulas (V2, C2) and the optimized modified formulas (V3, C3) for tumor volume over CSA were established, respectively, after insignificant variables were eliminated.The mean square error (MSE) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) of the modified and traditional formulas (V1, C1) were compared, and the formula with the smallest MSE and AIC was selected as the optimal tumor volume and CSA calculation formula.The median tumor volume and CSA obtained from 3D modeling were used as the cutoff values.The optimal formula and conventional formula were applied to calculate tumor volume and CSA for all patients, and risk stratification was performed for all patients based on these cutoff values, and the perioperative indicators of patients in the upper and lower groups were compared.Finally, an online calculation tool was developed based on HTML. Results: Based on multifactorial linear regression analysis, we obtained the modified tumor volume calculation formula: V=0.382abc+2.488a+2.372b－4.146c+1.948（V2）, V=0.469abc－4.586c+13.816（V3）; the modified tumor CSA calculation formula CSA=2.469a －2.262L －19.23a+6.206b+1.212c+18.017L+1.616h－3.97h －2.185h/h －0.388（C2）, CSA=2.376a －2.144L －20.157a+5.024b+1.128c+17.578L+2.525h－2.634（C3）.Both of the modified volume formula (MSE=151.298 vs. 127.807 vs. 104.106) and modified CSA formula (MSE=309.878 vs.23.556 vs.30.388) had smaller errors compared to the conventional formula.The modified volume calculation formula showed that bleeding was more and thermal ischemia time was longer in patients with larger tumor volumes than in patients with smaller tumor volumes (P<0.05); and the modified CSA calculation formula showed that bleeding was more, surgery and thermal ischemia time were longer in patients with high CSA than in patients with low CSA (P＜0.05).Finally, V3 and C3 are selected as the best calculation formula, and a web page (https://lizihao-bot.github.io/RCC-Calculate/) was established for easy use. Conclusion: This study combined data from a medical information technology platform with numerical modeling methods to provide a faster and more accurate method to calculate the renal tumor volume and CSA.Meanwhile, a webpage version of the tool was developed to enhance its practicability.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of mind-regulating and meridians-dredging acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in treating limb dysfunction in recovery period of cerebral infarction(CI).Methods A total of 110 cases of patients with limb dysfunction in recovery period of CI were randomly divided into observation group and control group,55 cases in each group,the control group was given routine rehabilitation training,and the observation group was treated with mind-regulating and meridians-dredging acupuncture on the basis of intervention of the control group,the course of treatment covered two consecutive weeks.After two weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes of scores of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome,Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Berg Balance Scale(BBS)and Modified Barthel Index(MBI)before and after treatment of patients in the two groups were observed.The changes of electromyographic signal before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.And the safety and the occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)The total effective rate was 98.18%(54/55)in the observation group and 87.27%(48/55)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).(3)After treatment,the FMA scores of patients in the two groups improved significantly(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)After treatment,the BBS scores and MBI scores of the patients in the two groups improved significantly(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(5)After treatment,the root mean square value(RMS)of biceps brachii muscle elbow flexion and triceps brachii muscle elbow extention of the two groups of patients improved significantly(P<0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).(6)During the treatment,there were no obvious adverse reactions occurred in both groups.Conclusion Mind-regulating and meridians-dredging acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in treating limb dysfunction in recovery period of CI can significantly improve the motor ability of patients,and adjust the electromyographic signals of the affected limbs,with high safety.

During long-duration space missions,astronauts face health challenges such as bone density loss,muscle atrophy,cardiovascular dysfunction,immune function suppression caused by microgravity,as well as mental health issues in a confined environment.There is an urgent need for real-time,continuous,and multi-dimensional health monitoring technologies to safeguard the health and safety of astronauts.This paper systematically reviews the technical requirements and current development status of astronaut on-orbit health monitoring,with a focus on analyzing breakthroughs in technologies such as dynamic electrocardiography,non-invasive blood pressure assessment,flexible electronic skin,and molecular probe spectroscopy.It also elaborates on how the integration of artificial intelligence and bionics technologies is propelling the monitoring system towards intelligence and autonomy,providing a reference for the medical support of astronauts during long-duration spaceflight missions.