No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Diagnosis* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

Background: Thyroid nodules are one of the most clinical problems encounted by physieian. Palpation, radianuclide imaging, and sonography do not deterrnine whether a thyroid nodule is benign and malignant. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate how many thyroid cancer consist in thyroid nodule by using the fine needle aspiration(FNA) technique. Methods: With a disposable #23 gauge needle attached to 5rnl disposable plastic syringe was inserted at the thyroid nodules of the patients after rectinilinear thyroid scanning or ultrasono- graphy. All cells aspirated from the thyroid nodules were smeared on the 3 slide glasses and then, 2 slide glasses were immersed in 95% ethanol for Papanicolaou staining and one slide was air dried m room temperature for Giemsa staining. After complete staining the cytologic diagnosis of all slide glasses were reviewed by general light mi~eroscope. Results: Approximately, three-quarters(73.0%) of thyroid nodules aspirated by FNA were diagnosed as benign or inflammatory nodules, rnalignant neoplasia including follicular neoplasia 12.5%, and indeterminate cases 14.5% of thyroid nodules. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration(FNA) has become the diagnostic procedure of choiee in the evaluation of the nodular thyroid disease because of its easiness, safety, cost effectiveness, and high diagnostic accuracy. Malignant neopleasia including follicular neopleasia were found 12.5% of thyroid nodules in Korean, aspirated by FNA which was same category in prevalence rate compared to known abroad results(8~20%).
Azure Stains ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diagnosis ; Ethanol ; Eyeglasses ; Glass ; Humans ; Needles ; Palpation ; Plastics ; Prevalence ; Syringes ; Thyroid Diseases ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Lung* ; Pneumonia*

BACKGROUND: Oxygen free radicals have been implicated as a cause of deleterious effects in the setting of coronary reperfusion, and they are believed to be generated by the xanthine oxidase system, from activated neutrophiles and from mitochondria. We evaluate the contribution of mitochondria to the production of oxygen free radicals and clarify the mechanism of cellular damage in ischemic reperfused hearts. METHODS: Mitochondria isolated from the ischemic rabbit hearts were incubated in the reaction conditions with different oxygen tensions. Generation of superoxide anion and activities of defensive enzymes aginst oxidative stress were mesured. RESULTS: Superoxide anion genertion by mitochondria incubated in 21% oxygen condition were 0.54+/-0.09 and 0.27+/-0.04(O2./min/mg protein) in ischemic mitochondria and in control respectively(P<0.05). Activites of defensive enzymes against oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly reduced in mitochondria isolated from either ischemic or reperfused hearts. With the lapse of respiration in 21% oxygen condition, ADP-stimulated state 3 oxygen consumption(306.4+/-31.5 vs 214.4+/-11.4n atoms O/min/mg protein) at 30 minutes, P : O ratio and phosphorylation rate were significantly decreased in ischemic mitochondria. CONCLUSION: Elevation of oxygen free radical generation as well as the reduction of defensive enzyme activities in ischemic reperfused mitochondria are injurious to mitochondrial respiratory function. It may contribute to the mechanism of cellular damage in ischemic reperfused hearts.
Free Radicals ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Heart* ; Mitochondria* ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Neutrophils ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen ; Phosphorylation ; Respiration ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Superoxides* ; Xanthine Oxidase

BACKGROUND: Effective evaluation of an article's scientific merit requires familiarity with the methodology described, especially when quantitative techniques, such as statistical procedures, are invoked to clarify research findings or to summarize data. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency with which various statistical concepts were reported in journals important to dermatology. From these results, dermatologists can identify the major statistical skills needed to critically evaluate their literature. METHODS: All 376 original articles of the Korean Journal of Dermatology(KJD) and the Annals of Dermatology(KAD) during 1990-1994 were chosen for review. Each article was re-viewed to determine the statistical content. RESULTS: The two most commonly used statistical techniques in the two journals were mean and standard deviation. The t-test was the next most frequently used statistical technique in the reviewed journals, followed by non-parametric, chi-square test, orphan p, ANOVA, and correlation/regression. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the need for wider education about the use of descriptive and basic comparative statistics. It is impossible to evaluate the dermatological literature critically without these skills.
Child ; Child, Orphaned ; Dermatology* ; Education ; Humans ; Recognition (Psychology)

This is a retrospective clinical and roentgenographic study to measure the correction of deformity and rigidity of Harrington SSI in the stabilization of unstable thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. 35 patients with unstable thoracic and lumbar spine fracture were treated with Harrington SSI from Feb. 1985 to Mar. 1987 in SNUH and 29 patients were followed up for more than 1 year, average 15.6 months. At final follow up of these 29 patients, 73.1% of patients gained neurologic improvement. Measurement of correction of anterior, middle and posterior column height, local kyphosis and anteroposterior offset were 29.7%, 5.2%, 31.2%, 12.8°and 5.3mm and loss of correction of these were 6.5%, 0.1%, 5.8%, 3.1°and 1.1 mm.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine

Vitamin D deficiency cause rickets, metabolic disorder of growing bone resulting in bony deformities. Rickets is characterized by formation of collagen and osteoid with defective mineralization. We had experienced ??severe case of Vitamin D deficiency Rickets. He was a boy of 23month at age, fed with gruel only for 6month. Physical, biochemical and radiological finding & therapeutic procedure were presented, Literatre review was made briefly.
Collagen ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Male ; Rickets ; Vitamin D Deficiency* ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

Vitamin D deficiency cause rickets, metabolic disorder of growing bone resulting in bony deformities. Rickets is characterized by formation of collagen and osteoid with defective mineralization. We had experienced ??severe case of Vitamin D deficiency Rickets. He was a boy of 23month at age, fed with gruel only for 6month. Physical, biochemical and radiological finding & therapeutic procedure were presented, Literatre review was made briefly.
Collagen ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Male ; Rickets ; Vitamin D Deficiency* ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*