It is well known that unilateral nephrectomy induces a series of morphological changes in the remaining kidney. These morphological changes called as "compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia" are associated with numerous functional changes of the remnant kidney, such as relative increase in the glomerular filtration rate and the renal plasma flow as well as changes in the renal concentrating ability. However, changes in the water and electrolytes excretion following unilateral nephrectomy have not been extensively studied. Hence, this investigation was undertaken to study the excretory pattern of water and electrolytes through the remaining kidney following unilateral nephrectomy. Experiments were carried out in 23 hydropenic dogs, weighing 10~16 kg, of which 5 dogs were used for acute experiments (4 hrs. after nephrectomy) and 18 dogs for chronic experiments (2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after nephrectomy). Following intravenous administration of appropriate amounts of inulin and PAH, plasma and urine samples were obtained and were analyzed for the concentration of inulin, PAH, osmolarity, Na, K and urea. In chronic experiments, Animals were allowed to have free access to the food and water during intervals. Four slices of the tissue from papilla to cortex were cut for each kidney. The Na, K, Cl and urea concentrations of the slice were then determined in slice extracts. Also four slices of the kidney cortex were obtained and analyzed for concentration of PAH. Results may be briefly summarized as follows. 1. After unilateral nephrectomy, the weight of the remaining kidney increased about 30 percent in 2-6 Weeks. 2. During 1 hours after unilateral nephrectomy, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the remaining kidney showed no significant changes while the renal plasma flow (RPF) decreased gradually to a level below the control. In chronic experiments, the GFR showed no change after the nephrectomy whereas the RPF showed a 20 percent increased, thus reducing the filtration fraction. 3. During 1 hours after unilateral nephrectomy, the urine osmolarity revealed no significant changes while the fractional excretion of the filtered osmotic substance, water, sodium and potassium were gradually increased, indicating relative impairments of the tubular reabsorption of these substances. 4. During 2.-,6 weeks after unilateral nephrectomy, the renal concentrating ability of the remaining kidney was significantly impaired. The fractional excretion of the filtered water was most markedly increased while the tubular reabsorption of urea was somewhat increased. 4. No significant changes in plasma composition was noted in all animals, indicating that the overall homeostatic mechanism is apparently well maintained even after unilateral nephrectomy, 6. PAH concentration in the slices of renal cortex after unilateral nephrectomy were markedly increased, suggesting that the increase of PAH uptake on the renal cortex is partially attributable to a increase of the tubular mass of remaining kidney. 7. Medullary and papillary Na and Cl concentration was somewhat lower in the chronic experiments, indicating that the renal concenting operation is impaired in unilateral nephrectomized kidney primarily because of corresponding reduction in the medullary osmotic gradient. However, total papillary osmotic concentration at a given urine osmolarity was no significantly changed in before and after unilateral nephrectomy.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Dogs ; Electrolytes ; Filtration ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Hypertrophy ; Inulin ; Kidney ; Kidney Cortex ; Nephrectomy* ; Osmolar Concentration ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Renal Plasma Flow ; Sodium ; Urea ; Water

Experimental materials were healthy rabbits weighing around 2Kgs and were fed with bean curd through the experimental period. The rabbits used in these experiments were divided into three groups; Normal group, Acidosis group and Alkalosis group, each of these groups were also divided into two groups; Sensitized group and Non-sensitized group. In the normal group, the rabbits were fed with ordinary food. In thc second group, for producing acidosis, 5gms of white sugar per Kg of body weight mixing with ordinary food was given for 60 days. In the third group, for the sake of Alkalosis, 0.1 gm of calcium chloride per Kg of body weight mixing with ordinary food was added for 60 days. For sensitizing, 1cc of horse serum per Kg. of body weight was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall, 4times every other day. Non-sensitizing groups-These groups were not sensitized and were used as the controll, A single injection of normal horse serum O. Icc per Kg. of body weight was injected into the subserosa of thc trigonum vesicae. Sensitized groups-Two weeks after the sensitization, reinjection was carried out in the same manner used in the non-sensitized groups. For the determination of acidosis and alkalosis, the CO2 combining power of the blood plasma of the whole rabbits were measured by Van Slyke's method. The CO2 combining power of the blood plasma in the Normal group showed the range of 42.0-50.5 Vol% in the Acidosis group showed 30.5-36.0 Vol%, and in the Alkalosis group, 52.0-68.5 VOl%. After the injection of horse serum into the urinary bladder wall. the rabbits were killed at the intervals of 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, hrs and 1, 2 weeks by air embolism. And then the trigonum vesicae which were injected of horse scrum were excised and examined grossly and microscopically. For the histological examination, they were fixed in the 10% formalin. and stained by Haematoxylin-Eosin and Van Gieson'a methad. Results 1. Severe allergic changes occurred in the urinary bladder wall withthe reinjection of horse serum into the urinary bladder wall subserora of trigonum vesicae in the normal sensitized group. 2. More severe allergic changes were noted in the snsitized acidosis group than that in the normal sensitized group. 3. These allergic changes were milder in the sensitazed alkalosis group than that in the normal sensitized group. According to the above experiments, it was noted thc Acidosis group showed the most serious histological changes and proved that Acidosis influences the aggravation of allergic changes and Alkalosis somewhat reduces them in thc urinary bladder.
Abdominal Wall ; Acidosis ; Alkalosis* ; Body Weight ; Calcium Chloride ; Dronabinol ; Embolism, Air ; Formaldehyde ; Horses ; Plasma ; Rabbits ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Urinary Bladder*

Rapid and accurate management is necessary for the emergency patients, but there is a few comprehensive and analyzed references about them and still the definition and the criteria of the urologic emergency are not defined. So a clinical observation was made on 382 patients, admitted to the Department of Urology through the emergency room of the Severance hospital during 5 years from January, 1972 to December, 1976. They were observed as following orders; annual, age, sex, symptoms, emergency managements, diagnostic procedures, diagnoses, associated diseases, and mortality rate etc. The results are as follows: 1. Urologic emergency patients were 382 (male 265, female 117). They were 1.4 % of the patients admitted through the emergency room, and 19.3% of the in-patients of the Department of Urology. 2. Symptoms and signs of the urologic emergency were pain (209 cases), gross hematuria (48 cases), acute retention (42 cases), acute genitourinary infection (38 cases), genitourinary injury (66 cases), shock (13 cases), and uremia(24 cases). 3. I.V.P. was the most common diagnostic procedure, but bone X-ray and the cystourethrogram were more common in genitourinary injury. 4. Emergency managements were performed in 227 cases. Pain control was most common (52t), then indwelling of the Foley catheter and transfusion were next. 5. In pain, flank or abdominal pain was most common (191 cases) and the most common cause. was lower 1/3 ureteral stone. 6. The causes of the gross hematuria were genitourinary tumor (11 cases), calculi(10 cases), acute cystitis(9 cases), and acute pyelonephritis (7 cases). 7. Acute retentions were commonly developed in old aged men and the most common cause was B.P.H. (42. 9%), then urethral stricture (23. 8%). 8. Acute genitourinary infections were most common in 3rd decade women. 9. Genitourinary injuries were most commonly occurred in the spring (34. 8%). The most common cause was kick or blow (43.9%) and the most common organ was urethra (40%). The most common combined injury was pelvic bone fracture (36. 8%). 10. The causes of the shock were genitourinary injury(84.6%) and bladder tumor (15. 4%). 11. The most common cause of uremia was genitourinary tumor (25%), then ureteral stricture (20. 8%). 12. In 30 cases, the presumptive diagnoses were different from the definite diagnoses. 43.3% of them were suspected as urinary calculi, but confirmed as acute pyelonephritis, ureteral stricture and tumor etc. 13. Associated diseases were common in old aged patients and cardiovascular (33%) or respiratory diseases (28.4%) were common. 14. Conservative treatment was most commonly performed, but suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy was more common in acute retention. 15. 7 patients were died and the mortality rate was 1.8%.
Abdominal Pain ; Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Pelvic Bones ; Prostatectomy ; Pyelonephritis ; Shock ; Uremia ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Calculi ; Urology

A case of primary lymphosarcoma of the prostate gland proved by Silvermann needle biopsy was presented. Lymphosarcoma of the prostate is a rare condition, and only 23 cases have been reported in medical literature. In Culver's series, 74 per cent were sarcoma of fibrous origin (round cell, spindle cell sarcoma, myxosarcoma), 5 per cent rhabdomyosarcoma, 6 per cent lymphosarcoma, and 10 percent pleuriplastic or un-or de-differentiated sarcoma. A large tumor of the prostate, which is not hard and nodule occurs in a middle aged patient, should be considered of lymphosarcoma of the prostate. A case of lymphosarcoma of the prostate is added to the literature.
Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Middle Aged ; Prostate* ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Sarcoma

A study was made of 234 patients with carcinoma of the cervix seen during the period from Aug.-1959 to Dec.-1963, who had come to the Departments of Obstetric and Gynecology of Yonsei Medical Hospital. Intravenous pyelogram, cystoscopy, and urine examination were done and N. P, N. was checked in addition to clinical examination before treatment. Intravenous pyelogram were classified into 1. Non-functioning 2. Hydronephrosis 3. Hydroureter as abnormalities Also cystoscopic finding were classified into 1. Elevation of bladder wall 2. Bullous edema 3. Neoplasm invasion. There were 51 patients who showed abnormality of intravenous pyelogram among the 234 patients with carcinoma of cervix, that was a unilateral abnormality in 38 cases and bilateral in 13 cases. Again, among 24(10.26%) non-functioning kidney in this series the left kidney was affected in 11 cases and right kidney in 6 cases. The 125 of 234 patients showed elevation of bladder wall in cystoscopic finding, and the posterior wall of bladder was elevated similarly in all stages. The urological study of patients with carcinoma of cervix are most essential works in addition to clinical examination, and it should be considered as a systemic disease for all physician especially gynecologist, radiologist, and urologist.
Cervix Uteri* ; Cystoscopy ; Edema ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The detection of the tubercle bacilli is absolutely necessary to make definite diagnosis of patients with genitourinary tuberculosis. Recently it has been reported that the detection rate of tubercle bacilli from the patient's urine is decreasing because of abuse of the anti-tuberculous drugs and the resistance developed in the experimental animals such as mouse and guinea pig (Marks, 1972). Therefore the necessity of the development of better diagnostic methods has been mandatory. Recently it was reported that the Korean chipmunks(Tamias sibiricus asiaticus. Gmelin) are highly susceptible to tubercle bacilli (Chang et al., 1971). The specific objection of this study is to pursue the possibility of using the chipmunks for the early diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis. Twenty-four hour urines of 34 patients with suspected genitourinary tuberculosis were tested for tubercle bacilli with smear, culture, and inoculation ink chipmunks and mice intraperitoneally. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1. 18 cases out of 34 patients with suspected genitourinary tuberculosis were confirmed to be positive by any means of stained smear, culture and animal inoculation. Of 18 proved genitourinary tuberculosis. 12 cases were confirmed by smear, culture and mouse inoculation, and on the other hand. 14 cases by chipmunks inoculation. 2. In the group of chipmunks inoculation, 8 cases were found to be positive on the 10th day and 14 cages on the 20th day. 3. These findings suggest that the period required for the detection of tubercle bacilli was shorter and the positive rate was higher than that of other animals and other methods. For the clinical applications of the Korean chipmunks as a diagnostic tools, further effort is considered to be necessary.
Animals ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Guinea Pigs ; Hand ; Humans ; Ink ; Mice ; Sciuridae* ; Tuberculosis*

A cyst of seminal vesicle is rare condition, and only 12 cases have been reported in the literature. Complaint of no ejaculation with or without urinary symptoms in married man should arouse suspension of seminal vesicle cyst which results from atresia of ejaculatory duct due to long standing infection of urethra. The diagnosis was made by rectal examination, cystoscopic study, seminal vesiculogram and microscopic examination of the cystic fluid with contained many spermatozoa. We reported a case of cyst of seminal vesicle in a 33 year-old male and reviewed the literature.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Ejaculation ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; Humans ; Male ; Seminal Vesicles* ; Spermatozoa ; Urethra

One of the most important diseases in urological practice is prostatic carcinoma. It is a common cause of death in aging white males over 50 years old. It is well known that its incidence has a significant differences according to race and geographic area (Whites have a higher incidence than Orientals). Recently prostatic carcinoma has been considered as a important disease, because its occurrence rate has been increasing year by year in Korea. Thirty cases of prostatic carcinoma (It biopsy proven and 16 clinically manifested cases) which were admitted during a 10 year period, from Jan. 1966 to Dec. 1975 were studied from a clinical view point retrospectively in the Department of Urology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine. The results were as follows; 1. During this period, the total number of inpatients were 2,814(2,006 male and 808 female) among which 30 cases had prostatic carcinoma, giving a rate of 1.1% and the percentages of prostatic carcinoma to total male inpatients, total male genitourinary tract tumor patients and total male inpatients over 50 years old were 1.5%, 11.3% and 2.7% respectively. The incidence of prostatic carcinoma as shown above indicates an increased trend year by year. 2. The age distributions ranged from 30 years to 82 years with the most common age groups in the 7th and 8th decades. 3. The duration of symptoms ranged from 28 days to 4 years (mean: 13.2 months) and the presenting symptoms were bladder neck obstruction symptoms in 11 patients (80. 0%), bone pain in 9 patients (30.0%), gross hematuria in 9 patients (30%) and constipation in 11 patients (36.7%). 4. Fourteen cases showed adenocarcinoma among 16 prostatic biopsies and the perineal aspiration biopsy yielded the lowest rate of diagnosis. 5. Among 18 cases which metastasis were confirmed radiologically, bone (9 cases) was the most frequent site of metastasis and the next were bladder neck (4cases). Lymph nodes, lung and liver were also involved. 6. Serun acid and alkaline phosphatase determinations were done in 27 cases. Eighteen patients had elevated serum acid phosphatase, 14 with metastasis and 4 without metastasis. Twelve patients had elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, 8 with bony metastasis and 4 without bony metastasis. 7. The coexisting sisease with prostatic carcinoma were cardiovascular diseases (12 cases), pulmonary disease (10 cases), urinary tract infections (7 cases), hydronephrosis (6 cases), B.P.H. (4 cases), bladder tumor (2 cases) and vesical diverticulum (2 cases). 8. All patients were suggested as stage D and treated palliatively such as endocrine therapy, radiation therapy and conservative surgery. Most of the patients were lost to follow up and 4 patients had been observed for 2,3,9 and 14 months period.
Acid Phosphatase ; Adenocarcinoma ; Age Distribution ; Aging ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; Constipation ; Continental Population Groups ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulum ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Liver ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urology

We have observed a case of the paragenimiasis involving epididymis which was complicated a part of systemic infection. The patient has complained painless nodular moderately hard mass in the right testicle and had a history of the raw crayfish ingestion during the course of measles. This was proved by the microscopic evidence which showed the granulomatoue lesion with round cell infiltration and necrotic debris and scattered eggs of the Paragonimus Westermani, also the adult worm was seen in the cystic space.
Adult ; Astacoidea ; Eating ; Eggs ; Epididymis* ; Humans ; Male ; Measles ; Ovum ; Paragonimiasis* ; Paragonimus westermani ; Testis

We have proved the alternating type of true hermapbroditism by the microscopic evidence of both ovarian and testicular tissues. The sex was reassigned the male with concerning of sex of assignment and rearing. gender roles and orientation, the morphology of external genitalia and injurious psychological sequelae. We had then considerable effect in the use of Testosterone.
Disorders of Sex Development ; Gender Identity ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Male ; Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development* ; Testosterone