No abstract available.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Vitamin K Deficiency* ; Vitamin K* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

In order to investigate the role of adenovirus in diarrheal children, we evaluated 907 children with diarrhea and 193 children without diarrhea for a 22-month. Stools were tested for group A rotavirus antigen and for adenovirus types 40/41 (Ad 40/41) by using ELISA, cell technique and indirect immunofluorescent method. Adenovirus was detected in 10.1% of the diarrheal children and 3.1% of the non-diarrheal children. Ad40/41 was detected in 4.85% of the diarrheal children. Other nonenteric adenovirus was detected in 5.29% of the diarrheal children. In addition, 24% of the adenovirusinfected children excreted rotavirus simultaneously. Rotavirus was found in 57.1% of the diarrheal patients. Among the diarrheal children. 88% of those with adenovirus were younger than 24 months. Although peaks of adenovirus infection were detected in July and Autumn in the study, there is no apparent seasonal trend with adenovirus. The average duration of admission caused by adenoviral infection was 4.9 days and 88% of the cases accompanied by fever. Stool occult blood test revealed positive reaction in 66.3% of the cases and serum aminotransferase activities transiently elevated in 5.4% of the cases. Diarrhea with more than 10 stools per day, vomiting, or fever in adenovirusinfected children were similar with ratavirus, where as the first two manifestions were associated with confection of rotavirus and adenovirus. Nine out of 92 cases(9.8%) of the gastroenteritis caused by adenovirus revealed intussusception. We conclude that Ad40/41 is an important cause of diarrhea among infants and children, and non-enteric adenovirus is considered to be a cause of diarrhea, but their role in diarrheal children should be further studied.
Adenoviridae Infections ; Adenoviridae* ; Candy ; Child* ; Diarrhea ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fever ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Infant ; Intussusception ; Occult Blood ; Rotavirus ; Seasons ; Vomiting

Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(FEL) is an uncommon disorder characterized by multi-organ infiltration with phagocytic histiocytes and macrophages. It is a familial discorder presenting during infancy or young childhood with fever, hepartosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, bleeding diathesis, hypertriglyceridemia and neurologic manifestations. The course of the disease is extremely lethal and diagnosis of the disease during lifetime is very difficult. Exact diagnosis can only be made by autopsy. We experienced FEL cases in siblings, who had fever, hepatosplenomegly, pancytopenia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Bone marrow study showed increased histiocytes with active hemophagocytosis. They were died due to multiple organ failure, and the diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy, so we report it and review the related literatures.
Autopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Disease Susceptibility ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic* ; Macrophages ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Pancytopenia ; Siblings*

BACKGROUND: Enterococci have emerged in recent years as a frequent cause of life-threatening nosocomial infections. The emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE) presents as an increasingly important problem particularly in the treatment and the potential dissemination of vancomycin-resistance. The purpose of this study is to determine the phenotypes and genotypes of VRE isolated from five hospitals and to study the genetic relatedness among them. METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and amplification of vancomycin resistance genes were used for phenotyping and genotyping of 42 VRE isolates respectively. For 21 isolates with vanA or vanB gene, plasmid profiles and pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) patterns were analyzed for molecular epidemiologic study. RESULTS: Out of 42 isolates, 21 were identified as E. faecium, 6 as E. faecalis, 2 as E. avium, and 13 as E. casseliflavus. Phenotyping showed 14 isolates as VanA(33%), 7 as VanB(17%) and 21 as VanC(50 %). Genotyping resulted in 12 isolates as vanA(5 of E. faecalis and 7 of E. faecium) and 9 as vanB(all E. faecium). Genotyping results were concordant with phenotyping results except for the two E. faecium isolates of VanA which had vanB genotype. Intrahospital spread of the same strains was proven in three hospitals by plasmid profiles and PFGE analysis. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a considerable number of VRE isolates in Korea and intrahospital spread proven by molecular epidemiologic methods. Although VRE infection has been considered very rare in Korea, practical guidelines including restriction of vancomycin usage and surveillance, are warranted to prevent infection and dissemination of VRE.
Cross Infection ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Genotype ; Korea* ; Molecular Epidemiology* ; Phenotype ; Plasmids ; Vancomycin ; Vancomycin Resistance

Hyperlipidemia, which is closely associated with a fatty diet and aging, is commonly observed in the western and aged society. Therefore, a novel therapeutic approach for this disease is critical, and an immunological view has been suggested as a novel strategy, because hyperlipidemia is closely associated with inflammation and immune dysfunction. In this study, the effects of an aqueous extract of Rubus occidentalis (RO) in obese mice were investigated using immunological indexes. The mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hyperlipidemia, which was confirmed by biochemical analysis and examination of the mouse physiology. Two different doses of RO and rosuvastatin, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor used as a control, were orally administered. Disturbances in immune cellularity as well as lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were significantly normalized by oral administration of RO, which also decreased the elevated serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level and total cholesterol. The specific immune-related actions of RO comprised considerable improvement in cytotoxic T cell killing functions and regulation of antibody production to within the normal range. The immunological evidence confirms the significant cholesterol-lowering effect of RO, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and associated immune decline.
Administration, Oral ; Aging ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Homicide ; Hyperlipidemias* ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Mice ; Mice, Obese* ; Physiology ; Reference Values ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; Rubus* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

PURPOSE: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) of prematurity is very important disease to study because it causes many cases of perinatal morbidity and its incidence is now increasing. Nowadays indomethacin is the drug of choice for PDA closure, but its use has been limited due to its side effects. Therefore, we compared the effect and side effects of indomethacin according to the infusion method, continuous versus intermittent infusion, to find better an administration method. METHODS: Twenty-five preterm infants who were admitted to Seoul National University Children's Hospital (SNUCH) NICU from March 1995 to August 1996 with a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and PDA, were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to intertmittent lV group or continuous lV group. Each group received three intermittent doses or continuous infusion over 36 hours, respectively. We analyzed the perinatal history, time of diagnosis and treatment of PDA, size of PDA, and compared the laboratory parameters, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular echogenecity (PVE), ductal closure and perinatal morbidity before and 48 hours after indomethacin administration between the two groups. RESULTS: Fourteen infants (birth weight 1,149 +/- 373g) were intermittent lV group and eleven infants (birth weight 1,212 +/- 504g) were continuous lV group. There were no significant difference between the groups in perinatal history, pretreatment laboratory parameters, ductal closure, and perinatal morbidity. Patients with IVH of grade 2 or more increased significantly in intermittent lV group (50%) compared to continuous lV group (9%), and PVE progressed significantly in intermittent lV group (64%) compared to continuous lV group (18%). CONCLUSION: Continuous infusion of indomethacin for PDA closure in preterm infants with RDS appears to be as effective as intermittent infusion of indomethacin in closing PDA and have less side effects such as IVH and PVE progress.
Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Seoul

PURPOSE: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) of prematurity is very important disease to study because it causes many cases of perinatal morbidity and its incidence is now increasing. Nowadays indomethacin is the drug of choice for PDA closure, but its use has been limited due to its side effects. Therefore, we compared the effect and side effects of indomethacin according to the infusion method, continuous versus intermittent infusion, to find better an administration method. METHODS: Twenty-five preterm infants who were admitted to Seoul National University Children's Hospital (SNUCH) NICU from March 1995 to August 1996 with a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and PDA, were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to intertmittent lV group or continuous lV group. Each group received three intermittent doses or continuous infusion over 36 hours, respectively. We analyzed the perinatal history, time of diagnosis and treatment of PDA, size of PDA, and compared the laboratory parameters, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular echogenecity (PVE), ductal closure and perinatal morbidity before and 48 hours after indomethacin administration between the two groups. RESULTS: Fourteen infants (birth weight 1,149 +/- 373g) were intermittent lV group and eleven infants (birth weight 1,212 +/- 504g) were continuous lV group. There were no significant difference between the groups in perinatal history, pretreatment laboratory parameters, ductal closure, and perinatal morbidity. Patients with IVH of grade 2 or more increased significantly in intermittent lV group (50%) compared to continuous lV group (9%), and PVE progressed significantly in intermittent lV group (64%) compared to continuous lV group (18%). CONCLUSION: Continuous infusion of indomethacin for PDA closure in preterm infants with RDS appears to be as effective as intermittent infusion of indomethacin in closing PDA and have less side effects such as IVH and PVE progress.
Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: Cefoxitin, a cephamycin-type antibiotic, is known to be superior to oxacillin in predicting the presence of mecA gene because it serves as a very potent inducer of mecA regulatory system. We used a cefoxitin disk diffusion methods for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and compared it with the conventional methods. METHODS: For 50 MRSA and 50 methicillin susceptible S. aureus confirmed by mecA and femA gene PCR, oxacillin, cefoxitin, and moxalactam disk diffusion methods, oxacillin and cefoxitin E-tests, Vitek 2 and Microscan Walkaway antibiotics susceptibility tests, and PBP2a latex agglutination test were performed. The sensitivity and specificity of each method were evaluated. RESULTS: The sensitivities of oxacillin disk diffusion method and E-test were 96%. The sensitivities of cefoxitin and moxalactam disk diffusion method, cefoxitin E-test, Vitek 2, Microscan Walkaway, PBP2a latex agglutination test were 100%. The specificities were 100% for all the methods used. CONCLUSIONS: It may be considered that both the cefoxitin- and moxalactam disk diffusion methods are effective and excellent screening methods for the detection of MRSA in clinical laboratory routinely.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefoxitin ; Diffusion ; Latex Fixation Tests ; Mass Screening ; Methicillin ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Moxalactam ; Oxacillin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity