No abstract available.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Vitamin K Deficiency* ; Vitamin K* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(FEL) is an uncommon disorder characterized by multi-organ infiltration with phagocytic histiocytes and macrophages. It is a familial discorder presenting during infancy or young childhood with fever, hepartosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, bleeding diathesis, hypertriglyceridemia and neurologic manifestations. The course of the disease is extremely lethal and diagnosis of the disease during lifetime is very difficult. Exact diagnosis can only be made by autopsy. We experienced FEL cases in siblings, who had fever, hepatosplenomegly, pancytopenia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Bone marrow study showed increased histiocytes with active hemophagocytosis. They were died due to multiple organ failure, and the diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy, so we report it and review the related literatures.
Autopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Disease Susceptibility ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic* ; Macrophages ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Pancytopenia ; Siblings*

In order to investigate the role of adenovirus in diarrheal children, we evaluated 907 children with diarrhea and 193 children without diarrhea for a 22-month. Stools were tested for group A rotavirus antigen and for adenovirus types 40/41 (Ad 40/41) by using ELISA, cell technique and indirect immunofluorescent method. Adenovirus was detected in 10.1% of the diarrheal children and 3.1% of the non-diarrheal children. Ad40/41 was detected in 4.85% of the diarrheal children. Other nonenteric adenovirus was detected in 5.29% of the diarrheal children. In addition, 24% of the adenovirusinfected children excreted rotavirus simultaneously. Rotavirus was found in 57.1% of the diarrheal patients. Among the diarrheal children. 88% of those with adenovirus were younger than 24 months. Although peaks of adenovirus infection were detected in July and Autumn in the study, there is no apparent seasonal trend with adenovirus. The average duration of admission caused by adenoviral infection was 4.9 days and 88% of the cases accompanied by fever. Stool occult blood test revealed positive reaction in 66.3% of the cases and serum aminotransferase activities transiently elevated in 5.4% of the cases. Diarrhea with more than 10 stools per day, vomiting, or fever in adenovirusinfected children were similar with ratavirus, where as the first two manifestions were associated with confection of rotavirus and adenovirus. Nine out of 92 cases(9.8%) of the gastroenteritis caused by adenovirus revealed intussusception. We conclude that Ad40/41 is an important cause of diarrhea among infants and children, and non-enteric adenovirus is considered to be a cause of diarrhea, but their role in diarrheal children should be further studied.
Adenoviridae Infections ; Adenoviridae* ; Candy ; Child* ; Diarrhea ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fever ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Infant ; Intussusception ; Occult Blood ; Rotavirus ; Seasons ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) of prematurity is very important disease to study because it causes many cases of perinatal morbidity and its incidence is now increasing. Nowadays indomethacin is the drug of choice for PDA closure, but its use has been limited due to its side effects. Therefore, we compared the effect and side effects of indomethacin according to the infusion method, continuous versus intermittent infusion, to find better an administration method. METHODS: Twenty-five preterm infants who were admitted to Seoul National University Children's Hospital (SNUCH) NICU from March 1995 to August 1996 with a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and PDA, were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to intertmittent lV group or continuous lV group. Each group received three intermittent doses or continuous infusion over 36 hours, respectively. We analyzed the perinatal history, time of diagnosis and treatment of PDA, size of PDA, and compared the laboratory parameters, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular echogenecity (PVE), ductal closure and perinatal morbidity before and 48 hours after indomethacin administration between the two groups. RESULTS: Fourteen infants (birth weight 1,149 +/- 373g) were intermittent lV group and eleven infants (birth weight 1,212 +/- 504g) were continuous lV group. There were no significant difference between the groups in perinatal history, pretreatment laboratory parameters, ductal closure, and perinatal morbidity. Patients with IVH of grade 2 or more increased significantly in intermittent lV group (50%) compared to continuous lV group (9%), and PVE progressed significantly in intermittent lV group (64%) compared to continuous lV group (18%). CONCLUSION: Continuous infusion of indomethacin for PDA closure in preterm infants with RDS appears to be as effective as intermittent infusion of indomethacin in closing PDA and have less side effects such as IVH and PVE progress.
Diagnosis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Seoul

Four cases of primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) arising in the ovary (3 cases) and the parovarium (1 case) were collected for clinicopathologic analysis. The mean age was 46.2 years (range, 39-57 years). Two patients complained abdominal discomfort and vaginal discharge, respectively. Other 2 cases were incidentally found from routine check. Grossly, the tumors were solid and cystic (2 cases), solid (1 case) and surface papillary growth on capsule (1 case). Microscopically, the tumor showed almostly same to the histologic features of TCC of urinary bladder. Three cases were pure TCC, and one was mixed TCC and serous carcinoma. FIGO stage were 1 IIa, 2 IIc, and 1 IIIc. Treatment was surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy. Two patients are alive with no evidence of disease, and two have lung or brain metastasis.
Brain ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary ; Urinary Bladder ; Vaginal Discharge

Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) is a recently developed molecular cytogenetic technique, which makes it possible to detect chromosomal alteration in solid tumors. To determine whether chromosome alterations are related to cervical carcinoma, we have analyzed 33 cases (24 squamous cell carcinomas and 9 adenocarcinomas, stage Ib-IIIb) from tumor tissues and paraffin embedded tissues by CGH. The cut off value of CGH profiles was 1.15 and 0.85 (green/red ratio). Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 30 out of 33 cases (90.9%). In 32 cases, chromosome 3q was most frequently affected and had greater copy numbers in 20 of tbe 33 cases (60.6%). Interestingly, out of those 20 cases, 10 cases were shown to have a high-level of amplification of chr 3q. In addition to chr 3q, chromosomal gains were observed in chr 1q, 1p, 5p, Sq, 12p, 15q, 19q, 20q, Xp, and Xq. Furthermore chromosomal loss was detected, most commonly in chromosome 11q (11/33). Although less frequent, common losses were also detected in chr 2q, 4p, 4q, Sq, 1 1p, 17p, and 18p. In addition, there were cases of gross chromosome loss for chr 4, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and X. In cases involving whole arm deletion, we utilized fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using specific probes a-satellite. We performed HPV typing for 16 and 18 usiag polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southem blot analyses. Out of 33 tumor samples, 24 cases (72,7%) were HPV 16 positive, while only 6 cases were positive for HPV 18. two cases were positive for both HPV 16 and 18. We believe that a gain of chromosome 3q as a reeurrent chromosomal aberration may contribute to the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. However, we could not correlate a pattern of chromosomal aberration with tumor stage or histologic type in cervical cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Arm ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization* ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Fluorescence ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; In Situ Hybridization ; Paraffin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This is the first study to identify common genetic factors associated with the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass index (BMI) in obese Korean women including overweight. This will be a basic study for future research of obese gene-BMR interaction. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The experimental design was 2 by 2 with variables of BMR and BMI. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was conducted in the overweight and obesity (BMI > 23 kg/m2) compared to the normality, and in women with low BMR (< 1426.3 kcal/day) compared to high BMR. A total of 140 SNPs reached formal genome-wide statistical significance in this study (P < 1 x 10(-4)). Surveys to estimate energy intake using 24-h recall method for three days and questionnaires for family history, a medical examination, and physical activities were conducted. RESULTS: We found that two NRG3 gene SNPs in the 10q23.1 chromosomal region were highly associated with BMR (rs10786764; P = 8.0 x 10(-7), rs1040675; 2.3 x 10(-6)) and BMI (rs10786764; P = 2.5 x 10(-5), rs10786764; 6.57 x 10(-5)). The other genes related to BMI (HSD52, TMA16, MARCH1, NRG1, NRXN3, and STK4) yielded P <10 x 10-4. Five new loci associated with BMR and BMI, including NRG3, OR8U8, BCL2L2-PABPN1, PABPN1, and SLC22A17 were identified in obese Korean women (P < 1 x 10(-4)). In the questionnaire investigation, significant differences were found in the number of starvation periods per week, family history of stomach cancer, coffee intake, and trial of weight control in each group. CONCLUSION: We discovered several common BMR- and BMI-related genes using GWAS. Although most of these newly established loci were not previously associated with obesity, they may provide new insights into body weight regulation. Our findings of five common genes associated with BMR and BMI in Koreans will serve as a reference for replication and validation of future studies on the metabolic rate.
Basal Metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Coffee ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study* ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Overweight* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Research Design ; Starvation ; Stomach Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Cefoxitin, a cephamycin-type antibiotic, is known to be superior to oxacillin in predicting the presence of mecA gene because it serves as a very potent inducer of mecA regulatory system. We used a cefoxitin disk diffusion methods for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and compared it with the conventional methods. METHODS: For 50 MRSA and 50 methicillin susceptible S. aureus confirmed by mecA and femA gene PCR, oxacillin, cefoxitin, and moxalactam disk diffusion methods, oxacillin and cefoxitin E-tests, Vitek 2 and Microscan Walkaway antibiotics susceptibility tests, and PBP2a latex agglutination test were performed. The sensitivity and specificity of each method were evaluated. RESULTS: The sensitivities of oxacillin disk diffusion method and E-test were 96%. The sensitivities of cefoxitin and moxalactam disk diffusion method, cefoxitin E-test, Vitek 2, Microscan Walkaway, PBP2a latex agglutination test were 100%. The specificities were 100% for all the methods used. CONCLUSIONS: It may be considered that both the cefoxitin- and moxalactam disk diffusion methods are effective and excellent screening methods for the detection of MRSA in clinical laboratory routinely.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cefoxitin ; Diffusion ; Latex Fixation Tests ; Mass Screening ; Methicillin ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Moxalactam ; Oxacillin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity