Background: Stomach cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor in Korea. Early detection by mass screening very important to increase survival rate of stomach cancer, because the prognosis of early gastric cancer is excellent, and specific symptoms and physical findings are rare with early gastric cancer. Methed: 1865 car manufacturing company employees were examinined by gastrofiberscopy at a dispensary of the company from May 6, l992 to July 13, 1992. Results: 1. Number of cases with normal finding was 1262(67.7%), gastritis 422(22.6%), gastric ulcer 47(2.5%), gasrtric cancer 4(0.2%), duodenitis 39(2.1%), duodenal ulcer 63(3.4%), combined ulcer(gastric & duodenal) 2(0.1%,), post operative state 6(0.3%), and others 4(0.3%) in total 1865 examinees. 2. Of 422 cases with gastritis, cases with superficial gastritis were 171 (9.2%), atrophic gastritis 138(7.4%), erosive gastritis 94(5.0%) and hemorrhagic gastritis 19(1.0%). 3. Of 4 cases with stomach cancer, 1 case was advanced stomach cancer and 3 cases were early gastric cancer(two cases of IIc and one case of IIc+III) by macroscopic classification. Conclusion: Mass screening provides an excellent opportunity to detect gastric cancer in populations without symytoms or with nonspecific symptoms. It should be recommended to undergo screening exam for high risk group of stomach cancer.
Classification ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Duodenitis ; Gastritis ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; Korea ; Mass Screening* ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach Ulcer ; Stomach* ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation* ; Fibrinogen*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Vitamin K Deficiency* ; Vitamin K* ; Vitamins*

Over-expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/neu) has been observed in many cancers, and is associated with a poor prognosis. Recent adjuvant treatment with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies in breast cancer has increased the demand for an evaluation of the HER2/neu status in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the HER2/neu status in breast cancer by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). DNA samples from the fresh tumor tissues of 27 patients with breast cancer were analyzed in parallel using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the other prognostic parameters including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, cytokeratin, and DNA ploidy. Ten (37%) out of 27 cases tested were positive for HER2/neu, while 16 (73%) out of 22 tested positive through an IHC study. The correlation between the DNA aneuploidy and the positive results for HER2/neu were only observed using the real-time PCR method (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the HER2/neu status and the S-phase fractions of the DNA ploidy or other parameters. This study demonstrated that there is marked discordance in the results for the HER2/neu status according to the various methods used. Real-time quantitative PCR for HER2/neu appears to be clinically useful due to its simplicity and ability to produce rapid results.
Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Female ; Human ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; *Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

In order to investigate the role of adenovirus in diarrheal children, we evaluated 907 children with diarrhea and 193 children without diarrhea for a 22-month. Stools were tested for group A rotavirus antigen and for adenovirus types 40/41 (Ad 40/41) by using ELISA, cell technique and indirect immunofluorescent method. Adenovirus was detected in 10.1% of the diarrheal children and 3.1% of the non-diarrheal children. Ad40/41 was detected in 4.85% of the diarrheal children. Other nonenteric adenovirus was detected in 5.29% of the diarrheal children. In addition, 24% of the adenovirusinfected children excreted rotavirus simultaneously. Rotavirus was found in 57.1% of the diarrheal patients. Among the diarrheal children. 88% of those with adenovirus were younger than 24 months. Although peaks of adenovirus infection were detected in July and Autumn in the study, there is no apparent seasonal trend with adenovirus. The average duration of admission caused by adenoviral infection was 4.9 days and 88% of the cases accompanied by fever. Stool occult blood test revealed positive reaction in 66.3% of the cases and serum aminotransferase activities transiently elevated in 5.4% of the cases. Diarrhea with more than 10 stools per day, vomiting, or fever in adenovirusinfected children were similar with ratavirus, where as the first two manifestions were associated with confection of rotavirus and adenovirus. Nine out of 92 cases(9.8%) of the gastroenteritis caused by adenovirus revealed intussusception. We conclude that Ad40/41 is an important cause of diarrhea among infants and children, and non-enteric adenovirus is considered to be a cause of diarrhea, but their role in diarrheal children should be further studied.
Adenoviridae Infections ; Adenoviridae* ; Candy ; Child* ; Diarrhea ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fever ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Infant ; Intussusception ; Occult Blood ; Rotavirus ; Seasons ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Imidapril, one of the ACE inhibitor, has been used to treate hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus and renal disease. ACE inhibitor, however often causes dry cough and this adverse effect affects the compliance rate negatively. This report aimed to examine the incidence rate of coughing caused by Imidapril treat-ment. And we compared the results with the incidence and tendency of dry cough caused by the other ACE inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This study enrolled 38 patients who followed up at internal medicine and took Imidapril from the period of May 9, 1997 to December 17, 1997. We tested its effectiveness, safety and tolerance. The initial dosage of it was 5mg/day and the maximum dosage according to blood pressure was 10mg/day for 8 weeks. The tendency and the incidence of dry cough have been analyzed and compared with recently published Korean reports. RESULTS: The 5 mg dosage of Imidapril showed 68.1% in lowering blood pressure rate and it went up to 81.8% during the 8 weeks treatment perriod. The blood pressure regularity rate was 36.3% after the 8 weeks treatment. The overall rate of adverse effect occurrence was 26.1% (6/23) and 8.7% of them were likely to cough. One of the patients who showed nausea stopped medication. The recent articles reported that the incidence of dry cough had been reduced: Enalapril (33.8%), Fosinopril (16%), Ramipril (15%), Imidapril (7.8 - 8.7%), Losartan (4.3%). CONCLUSION: Imidapril is as safe and effective as other ACE inhibitors. Various ACE inhibitors that were newly developed show their effectiveness in lessening incidence rate of dry cough, and Imidapril is thought to be an excellent drug for this matter. Even though Losartan shows the lowest incidence rate of dry cough, it needs to more regular usages since it is still on the stage of its medical adaptation.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Angiotensins* ; Blood Pressure ; Compliance ; Cough* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Enalapril ; Fosinopril ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence* ; Internal Medicine ; Losartan ; Nausea ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A* ; Ramipril

The present study investigates the effect of temporary selective brain cooling(SBC) on ischemic brain damage and edema on permanent middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion in the rat. Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-400g were used under halothane anesthesia. The brain temperature was monitored in the left caudate nucleus through a burr hole in the middle of the left coronal suture. All animals underwent left MCA occlusion via subtemporal approach. During the surgery, the physiological variables including mean arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously. Three groups of animals were studied: group 1. Normothermic brain themperature control(n=6) ; group 2, brain cooling for 30min(n=6) ; and group 3, brain cooling for 60min(n=6). In all groups, rectal temperature was maintaind 36.5 degrees C~37 degrees C, and in groups 2 and 3, brain temperature was lowered to less than 34 degrees C by active cooling. 15 min following MCA occlusion. After the brain cooling treatment, anesthesia was discontinued, and the animals were returned to the cage. Twenty-four hours following MCA occlusion, the rats were sacrificed. The volume of ischemic damage and edema was obtained by frozen section technique. There were no significant differences in all physiological parameters between normothermic and hypothermic animals, except the brain temperature. Postischemic SBC for either 30 or 60min significantly reduced the volume of infarction in the cerebral hemisphrere by 14%(p<0.05) or by 27%(p<0.01) respectively and also attenuated neurologic deficits observed at 24 hour postocclusion. However the volume of ischemic brain edema was not significantly reduced and the ratio of volume of brain edema/infarction increased signficantly in groups 2(p<0.05) and 3(p<0.05) compared with group 1. The present study demonstrates that postischemic temporary BSC can attenuate hemispheric infarction in a permanent focal cerebral ichemia model in the rat. However, ischemic brain edema appears not to be attenuated at all. The mechanisms of hypothermic protection and its clinical application are discussed.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Brain Edema ; Brain* ; Caudate Nucleus ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Edema* ; Frozen Sections ; Halothane ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Infarction ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sutures

BACKGROUND: No significant information on the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Korea has been available, because a few studies conducted to date in Korea have involved only discontinuous isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In this study, a survey of clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae was carried out to assess the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and to investigate the ESBL derivatives for phenotypical and genotypical characteristics. METHODS: A total of 500 consecutive clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were screened for the presence of ESBL according to the new guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. A double-disk synergy test, as a confirmatory test, was performed in screening positive strains. The presence of the ESBL gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The types of the beta-Lactamase gene were determined by isoelectric focusing and nucleotide sequence analysis. RESULTS: Among the collected strains, 21 of 293 E. coli (7.2%), 46 of 108 K. pneumoniae (42.6%), 10 of 20 Enterobacter cloacae (50.0%), 1 of 12 E. aerogenes (8.3%), 12 of 16 Citrobacter freundii (75.5%), and 1 of 14 Serratia marcescens (7.2%) were ESBL-producing strains. DNA sequencing and deduced amino acid sequence analysis revealed TEM-52 specific mutations in five strains (1 E. coli, 3 K. pneumoniae, and 1 E. cloacae) expressing pI 6.0 beta-Lactamases, SHV-2a in two K. pneumoniae of pI 7.6, and SHV-12 in four strains (1 E. coli of pI 8.2, 1 K. pneumoniae of pI 7.8, and 2 K. pneumoniae of pI 8.4). CONCLUSION: ESBLs were present in other genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia in Korea. ESBL types in E. coli isolates were TEM-52, SHV-12, and SHV-2a in decreasing order, and in K. pneumoniae isolates were TEM-52, SHV-2a and SHV-12 in decreasing order. The pIs of SHV-12 were 8.4 and 7.8 as well as 8.2, and a TEM-52 producing E. cloacae was first found.
Base Sequence ; beta-Lactamases ; Citrobacter ; Citrobacter freundii ; Cloaca ; Enterobacter ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Isoelectric Focusing ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Pneumonia ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; Serratia ; Serratia marcescens

Since the occlusal loading is transmitted to the surrounding bone, the success of an implant treatment is closely related to the distribution of the stress on the implant. The finite element analysis method is often used in order to produce a model for dispersion of stress. Assessment of the success of the implant is usually based on the degree of osseointegration which is a bone and implant surface interface. Implant used in this research was designed through the method of shape optimization after the stress on implant was anaylzed by the finite element analysis method. This study was pertinently assessed by a clinical, histologic, histomorphometric analysis after the shape optimized implant was installed on beagle dog tibia. The results are as follows 1. It clinically showed a good result without mobility and imflammatory reaction. 2. Implant was supported by dense bone and bone remodeling showed on the surrounding area of the implant 3. The average percentage of bone-implant contact was 58.1%.The percentage of bone density was 57.6%. Having above results, shape optimized implant showed the pertinence through clinical and histologic aspects. However, to use the shape optimized implant, the further experiment is required for finding problems, improvement.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling ; Dogs ; Finite Element Analysis ; Osseointegration ; Tibia