This article takes the society demand of talented persons' knowledge structure as the guidance,discusses how to construct the curriculum of management majors in colleges of Chinese Traditional Medicine,widens the students' knowledge in curriculum setting,trains the students to study independently and strengthens practical ability,effectively improves students' comprehensive quality,builds the reliable foundation for their employment and provides outstanding talents for the medical department and medicine enterprise.

OBJECTIVEAccidents are an important cause of childhood injury. It is hypothesized that safety education programs can reduce accidents in primary school-aged children. This study aimed to determine whether child and parent safety education programs can decrease the incidence of accidental injury in children when compared with controls.

METHODSThe study population (aged 7-13 years) were recruited from four local primary schools, and randomly assigned into an Intervention or a Control group. The Intervention group received child and parent safety education and was taught injury prevention strategies. The Control group received no injury prevention education or intervention. The incidence of accidental injury was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSIn the first year after intervention the incidence of accidental injury was 262 cases in the Intervention group (8.26%) and 234 cases (8.67%) in the Control group (P > 0.05). In the second year after intervention, however, the incidence of accidental injury was significantly less in the Intervention group (211 cases, 6.54%) compared with the Control group (229 cases, 8.63%) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSInjury prevention strategies and child and parent safety education can reduce risks of accidental injury in children.

Accident Prevention ; methods ; Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parents ; Safety ; Wounds and Injuries ; prevention & control

The Conus venom is secreted by the duct and theca of venom. Most of conotoxins are composed of 10-40 amino acid residues with several disulfide bridges. They can specifically target neurotransmitter receptors including nAChRs, calcium ion channels, sodium ion channels and potassium ion channels, etc. Some conotoxins, such as that target N-Ca2+ channels, nAChR alpha9alpha10 subtype, TTX-R Na+ channels or NMDA receptors, have potent antinociceptive activities, omega-MVIIA, an Ca2+ channels blocker was approved by FDA in December, 2004 for marketing. Because of lower molecular weight and high specificity, conotoxins are the powerful pharmacology tools and potent analgesics without addiction. This review briefly summarizes the research progress of antinociceptive conotoxins and addresses on their targets and structure-activity relationships.
Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Calcium Channels ; drug effects ; Conotoxins ; pharmacology ; Sodium Channels ; drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.25.004

Objective: To compare the efficacy of induction chemotherapy (IC) plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with that of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) plus adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for patients with loco-regionally advanced naso-pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods:Data of 240 patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC were reviewed. These patients were admitted to the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2004 and December 2008. Among the 240 patients, 117 under-went the IC+IMRT and 123 were treated with the CCRT+AC. The IC+IMRT group received a regimen including cisplatin and 5-fluoro-uracil (5-FU). The CCRT+AC group received cisplatin concurrently with radiotherapy and subsequently received adjuvant cisplatin and 5-FU. The survival rates of the patients were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the survival curves were compared by Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results:The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, local relapse-free survival, and the nodal relapse-free survival were 78.0%versus 78.7%, 68.9%versus 67.5%, 79.0%versus 77.0%, 91.6%versus 91.0%, and 95.3%versus 93.7%in the IC+IMRT and CCRT+AC groups, respectively. The survival between the two groups exhibited no significant differences. Higher rates of Grades 3 to 4 nau-sea-vomiting (8.1%vs. 1.7%, P=0.023) and leukopenia (9.7%vs. 0.9%, P=0.006) were observed in the CCRT+AC group. Multivariate analysis revealed that N stage and age were significant prognostic factors for the OS of the patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC. Conclusion:The treatment outcomes of IC+IMRT and CCRT+AC were similar. Distant metastasis remained as the predominant mode of treatment failure.

Scutellarin is the main effective constituent of breviscapine, a flavonoid mixture isolated from the dried whole plant of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz, and valsartan is used as an antihypertensive drug. These two drugs have already been clinically used together to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) in China, and the combined medications showed some enhanced protection against DN. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between scutellarin and valsartan in rats. Breviscapine injection (20 mg x kg(-1), i.v.) and valsartan (15 mg x kg-, i.g.), either alone or together were given to 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Concentrations of scutellarin and valsartan were quantified by HPLC, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental methods. We found that the pharmacokinetic parameters of scutellarin altered significantly after co-administration of oral valsartan. The plasma clearance (CL(p)) and the bile clearance (CL(b)) of scutellarin were reduced significantly in the presence of valsartan. After oral administration of valsartan with or without intravenous scutellarin, however, the pharmacokinetic parameters of valsartan were comparable. In conclusion, our data suggests that the concurrent use of valsartan reduces the biliary excretion of scutellarin, and this may be due to the inhibitory effect of valsartan on the biliary excretion of scutellarin mediated by Mrp2 (Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2).
Administration, Intravenous ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Apigenin ; administration & dosage ; blood ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Bile ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Interactions ; Erigeron ; chemistry ; Glucuronates ; administration & dosage ; blood ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Valsartan ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical therapeutic effects of acupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2), Chinese herbs and western medicine on nervous tinnitus.

METHODSNinety cases were randomly divided into 3 groups, 30 cases in each group. The acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2), 20 min each session, once a day, 10 sessions constituting one course; the Chinese herbs group with modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (decocted in water), one dose each day, 10 doses constituting one course; the western medicine group with bandazol, Dextran 40, Danshen tablet, and vitamin B12, 10 days constituting one course. After 3 courses, the therapeutic effects were evaluated with criteria of assessment for therapeutic effects.

RESULTSThe effective rates in the 3 groups were 73.3%, 40.0% and 33.3%, respectively, with significant differences among the 3 groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture has obvious therapeutic effect on nervous tinnitus, and acupuncture at cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2) is an effective therapy for nervous tinnitus, and its therapeutic effect is better than those of Chinese herbs and western medicine.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hearing ; Humans ; Male ; Tinnitus ; physiopathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETrying to find out the mechanism of microstructure influencing bacterial adhesion, we prepared different microstructures to compare the adsorptive behavior of graphite powder and adhesive behavior of oral microbe.

METHODSWe used polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to copy 23 microstructures of hydroxyapatite (HA) chip, and cultured them with different sizes graphite powder and oral microbes respectively, to observe and compare their behavior on microstructures.

RESULTSThe adsorption of 30-50 microm powder on different microstructures was insignificant, while 10-20 microm powder had maximum adsorption on 10 microm and 20 microm microstructures. Saccharomyces albicans was most likely to adhere to 5 microm microstructures which was equivalent to its own size. However, microstructures had little effect on adhesion of Streptococcus mutans which grew in a chain.

CONCLUSIONThe size of microstructure was the most effective factor that affects the adsorption of non-living powder, and it also had the same effect on the microbial adhesion; but some special bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans which grew in a chain, was not affected by the sizes or shapes of microstructures.

Adsorption ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Durapatite ; Graphite ; Mouth ; microbiology ; Streptococcus mutans

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Fuzheng Sanjie recipe in regulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in Lewis lung cancer mice.

METHODEfforts were made to establish the Lewis lung cancer mouse model, weigh tumors and calculate the anti-tumor rate. The immunohistochemical method was used to examine the infiltration degree of CD68 + in tumor tissues in each group. ELISA was used to examine the content of IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α in mice serum.

RESULTCompared with the tumor-bearing model group, all of the other groups showed higher tumor inhibition rates, i. e. 50.28% for the DDP group, 34.37% for the TCM-preventing group and 66.76% for the Chinese and western medicine group, with statistical difference (P < 0.05), but without statistical difference in the infiltration degree of CD68+. The expressions of the IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12 in tumor-bearing groups were lower than that in the blank control group, but with higher contents of IL-4, IL-13, TGF-β. Intervened with different drugs, there were significant differences in content among some relevant cytokines (P < 0.05), as well as statistical differences among the TCM prevention group, the Chinese and western medicine group and the tumor-bearing control group (P <0. 05) , but without statistical difference in TNF-α and IL-10 content from the tumor-bearing control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFuzheng Sanjie recipe could reverse the immune remodeling effect and control the tumor growth by down-regulating the expressions of IL-4, IL-13, TGF-α in lung cancer immune microenvironment and up-regulating the expression of IFN-γ.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-12 ; blood ; Interleukin-13 ; blood ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

AIMTo investigate the protective effects and mechanism of action of aspirin on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats.

METHODSThe right middle cerebral artery of the rat was occluded by inserting a thread through internal carotid artery for 2 h, and then reperfused for 24 h. Different doses of aspirin were intragastricly administrated at reperfusion 0 h and 6 h. The injured area of the brain and cerebral edema were estimated. The contents of prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane (TXA2), and endothelin (ET) in plasma were measured by 125I radioimmunoassay method. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma was measured by the nitrate reductase method. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brain tissue was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method. The superoxide dismutase content (SOD) in brain tissue was assayed by the xanthine oxidase method. The content of adenosin 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in brain tissue was separated by capillary electrophoresis.

RESULTSThe injured area of the brain and the cerebral edema of occluded side were dramatically reduced after 6 and 60 mg.kg-1 doses of aspirin were administrated intragastricaly. The ratio of PGI2/TXA2 in plasma was increased by aspirin in a dose-dependent manner. In brain tissue of the occluded side, the MDA content was reduced from 9.0 +/- 0.75 to 6.48 +/- 0.74, and the ATP level was increased from 10.26 +/- 1.02 to 25.65 +/- 3.45 by the 60 mg.kg-1 dose of aspirin. No significant effect on SOD content was observed. In plasma, the NO content was significantly decreased from 24.76 +/- 1.88 to 8.17 +/- 0.79, and the ET level was increased from 254.85 +/- 21.14 to 278.43 +/- 16.79 by 6 mg.kg-1 dose of aspirin.

CONCLUSIONThe neuroprotective effects of aspirin on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats might be attributed to its effects by increasing the ratio of PGI2 and TXA2, reducing lipid peroxides and improving the energy metabolism.

Animals ; Aspirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Brain Ischemia ; blood ; complications ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epoprostenol ; blood ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Thromboxane A2 ; blood