Objective To analyze and evaluate the efficay of split liver transplantation in children.Method From September 2006 to December 2014,210 children were treated with liver transplantation in Tianjin First Central Hospital.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and the difference in postoperative survival was compared between the groups.The 210 childrens were categorized into living donor liver transplantation group (183 cases) and split liver transplantation group (27 cases) based on their operation styles.In living group,all donors to recipients were immediate relatives within three generations.In split group,all donors were men,and livers were obtained from no heartbeat donors.Postoperatively,tacrolimus combined a duplex of prednisolone served as immunosuppression scheme.The survival and incidence of complications were observed.Result There was significant difference in the sex ratio between two groups (P＜0.05).The donor liver cold ischemia time was significantly longer in split group than in living group (P＜0.05).The 1-month,6-month,1-year and 2-year overall survival rate in 210 recipients was 99.5％,98.1％,96.2％ and 94.2％ respectively.The median follow-up time in living group and split group was 15.2months and 26.1 months,respectively.The 1-mont,6-month,1-year and 2-year survival rate was 99.5％,96.7％,92.6％ and 74.1 ％ in living group,and 97.8％,96.2％,77.8％ and 74.0％ in split group,respectively (P＜0.05).During the follow-up period,8 cases died (29.6％) in split group (5deaths due to infection and sepsis,and 3 deaths due to multiple organ failure),and 10 cases died (5.5％) in living group (6 deaths due to infection and sepsis,and 4 deaths due to multiple organ failure).Conclusion In the case of strict selection of donors,split liver transplantation can obtain good effect,but the incidence of complications is higher than living donor liver transplantation.Especially,the biliary complications should be prevented and managed actively.

Objective:To screen the active fractions from purple sweet potatoes containing flavonoids with insulin resistance impro -ving ability.Methods:L6 cell model with insulin resistance was established .The extracting solutions with different polarity of purple sweet potato flavonoids were used to affect the model .The residual glucose concentration in insulin resistant L 6 cells was observed and compared before and after the intervention .Results:The residual glucose concentration of total flavonoids extracting solution , butanol extracting solution at middle and high dose , and chloroform extracting solution at all doses of purple sweet potato were lower than that of IR group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The total flavonoids extract, chloroform extracting solution and butanol extracting solution of purple sweet potato can improve insulin resistance in L 6 cells.

Objective:To investigate the effects of purple sweet potato flavonoids (PSPF)in the extracts with different polarity on the insulin resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells.Methods: PSPF in the extracts with different polarity was used to intervene the IR-HepG2 model, and the remaining glucose concentration in the IR-HepG2 group and PSPF intervention groups was compared .Results:The remaining glucose concentration in PSPF intervention group , PSPF with chloroform as the extracting solvent at high , medium and low dose of PSPF , and PSPF with butanol as the extracting solvent at high and medium dose of PSPF was obviously lower than that in the IR-HepG2 group(P<0.05).Conclusion:PSPF, the chloroform extract of PSPF and the butanol extract of PSPF can enhance the consumption of glucose in IR-HepG2 cells.

This paper introduces the present application situation of medical consumable materials in consumption, use, quality control and computer management. It presents the concrete contents of standard management in quality guarantee, rules and regulations, and cost reduction.
Costs and Cost Analysis ; Disposable Equipment ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

To investigate the children's food habit, one thousand of children from eleven elementary school food service were randomly selected in Taejon. The survey was conducted by questionnaires and data were analyzed by SAS program. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The average height and weight for the 3th grader are 132.0cm and 29.4kg for boys. 131.2cm and 27.9kg for girls. In the case of the 6th grader the average height and weight are 147.1cm, 41.1kg for male, 148.6cm, 41.0kg for female, repectively. Those values are less than national averages. 2. The third grader eats breakfast more regularly than the sixth grader(p<0.001) and 51.5% of the children answer that they take foods for their health. The third grader has better eating habits than the six grader. This survey shows that the sixth grader eat more cereal, milk and vegetable and the third grader has less fruits than the sixth grader. 49.3% of the total children likes eating food at home, 36.6% eating outsid and 14.1% school meal service. 25.8% of the children reply that they do not eat now foods during school meal service. 82.5% of the total children are willing to eat foods served from school meal service if a teacher explains about the information of foods.
Breakfast ; Edible Grain ; Child* ; Daejeon* ; Eating ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Food Services* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Milk ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vegetables

This study was done to provide basic information for nutrition education and meal planning by analyzing children's food preference. For this purpose, 938 children from eleven elementary schools under meal service were randomly selected in Taejon. The survey was conducted by questionnaires, and data were analyzed by SAS program. Children prefered ssalbap to japkogbap and liked kimbap the best among one dish foods. But their most favorite foods were chajangmyun in noodles, miyeokkuk in soups, and chamchichigae in pot stew. Sixth graders like kimchichigae more than third graders. In the case of chims, children like duejigalbichim, sogalbichim, and dalgyalchim. In the jorim, they prefered duejigogi jangjorim, mechurial jangjorim to any other jorims. The preference of bockum, namul, jangachi, and jotgal is generally low. Children's preference is high in fruit, drink, fried food, one dish food and is low in jangachi, namul, bockum. These results suggest that the preference of foods should be fully taken into consideration in school meal service so that they can eat foods with pleasure. Foods, which are low in preference due to the cooking method, should be prepared with new cooking methods developed specifically for children. 'Even though the preference of food is low to the children, the nutritious foods should be utilized in the school menu. Then, the imporatance of food intake must be taught to them through nutrition education.
Child* ; Cooking ; Daejeon* ; Eating ; Education ; Food Preferences* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Meals* ; Pleasure ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was carried out to provide the improvable way of foodservice management to dietitian in the elementary schools. For this purpose the serving pattern of food, menu planing, nutrition education, leftover management and difficulties in foodservice were investigated. The survey was conducted through questionnaires, which were collected from 249 dietitions randomly selected in Taejon and Chung Nam. Data were analyzed by SAS program. The main results of this study are as follows. The children in Taejon took foods in the class room(65.7%) and those in Chung Nam in the dinning hall(89.9%)(p<0.01). In menu planning the balance of nutrition(42.6%) was mainly considered and then food preference(19.7%), variety of menus(16.1%), food cost(16.1%), composition of food color, taste and texture(3.2%), skills of food making(1.6%) and the number of students(0.8%). They referred cooking magazines(47.7%), the previous menu(42.2%), children's opinion(7.2%) for planing menu. The insufficiency of implements and devices for food(24.1%) and lack of season's food(20.4%) were indicated as difficulties in their job. 34.5% of dietitians used a standard menu, 79.5% investigated food preference of children, 74.3% evaluated taste of foods before serving, and 80.7% regularly checked leftover. The major reason for leftover was careless of the teacher in charge in Taejon and bad taste of foods nutrition in Chung Nam(p<0.001). 98.5% of them answered that they had the responsibility for nutrition education in elementary school. They had a hard time in relationship with the staffs in school(40.6%) and employees for food(39.8%), and lack of market information(38.2%). To efficiency of dietitian's work can be enhanced by reflecting the results of children's food preference and leftover, by using standard cooking method and proper cooking utensil, and by performing nutrition education for children by themselves.
Child ; Cooking ; Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Daejeon* ; Education ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Menu Planning ; Nutritionists* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the function of the chalcone synthese gene introns in Scutellaria baicalensis, and clarify preliminarily their role in abiotic stress.

METHODThe CHS introns with specific primers were cloned and bioinformatic method was applied to predict the cis-elements in the intron of CHS. The introns were subcloned into binary vector, pCAMBIA-1301 before being transferred to tobacco. Then the activity of GUS of the transgenic tobacco seeds was analyzed.

RESULTSeven cis-elements were found in the introns. Under the dark and high temperature GUS expression rose at the first (3 h), but then declined (9 h). ABA and MeJA regulated insignificantly the GUS activity in normal temperature; treatment of 10% PEG induced GUS expression.

CONCLUSIONCHS introns could be play a role in the regulation of S. baicalensis phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway.

Acyltransferases ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; drug effects ; Gene Order ; Genetic Vectors ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polyethylene Glycols ; pharmacology ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; genetics ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; enzymology ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Tobacco ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical effect of ABO-incompatible (ILT) pediatric living donor liver transplantation.Method We analyzed 169 pediatric living donor liver transplantation recipients from Sept.20,2006 to Dec.31,2014.There were 16 ABO-incompatible liver transplantation cases.The median age was 6 months.The blood agglutitin titer was monitored.The titer was controlled lower or equal to 1 ∶ 16.The method to decrease blood agglutitin titer included IVIG and plasma exchange.The patients were treated with Tacrolimus combined with methylprednisolone.Basiliximab for injection was used.The patients were followed-up for 9-26months.The survival rate,acute rejection,vascular and biliary tract complications,and infection were monitored.Result All the patients survived.There was once case of acute rejection,1 case of bile duct dilatation,2 cases of portal vein stenosis,8 cases of EBV viremia,5 cases of CMV viremia,and 6 cases of lung infection.The liver functions of all the 16 recipients were recovered within 3 weeks.Conclusion ABO-incompatible liver grafts can be used safely in pediatric patients.

Objective To identify the long-term survival of patients with hepatic carcinoma who received hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive donor livers.Method A total of 195 patients were enrolled in the study.They were all diagnosed as having hepatic carcinoma with malignant thrombus in portal vein pre-operation and received liver transplantations between 1999 and 2014.The long-term survival between the patients who received HBsAg positive grafts and those who received HBsAg negative grafts was compared.Result There were no differences in ages,preoperative tumor stages and postoperative mortality between the two groups.There was significant difference in survival time between the two groups (Z=-2.038,P =0.042),with the median survival time of 8.83 months (2.50-24.80 months) in HBsAg positive graft group and 13.12 months (6.50-27.65 months) in HBsAg negative graft group,respectively.The long-term survival rate in HBsAg positive graft group was 48％ and that in HBsAg negative graft group was 34.7％ (P =0.740,x2 =0.110).However,the proportion of deaths due to recurrence of tumor was high to 75.8％ in all causes.Conclusion To prolong the survival time,it is safe and feasible to receive HBsAg positive donor livers in patients with hepatic carcinoma in late stage.However,tumor recurrence was still the main causes of deaths in patients post-operation because of the advanced tumor conditions pre-operation.