No abstract available.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis*

In the abstract, case description and figure 2, the nomenclature of two mutations was misprinted because of misreading the cDNA nucleotide sequences.

No abstract available.
Scrub Typhus*

We present 2 cases of invasive extramammary Paget disease occuring in the vulva area of a 60 year old female, and in the scrotal and penile area of a 63 year old male patient. The histologically typical Paget cells were not only seen in the surface epithelium but were also involved in the outer root sheath of the hair follicles. Stromal infiltration of tumor cells into the upper dermis were present in both cases, however, no underlying primary sweat gland carcinoma was present. Metastatic foci of inguinal lymph nodes showed apocrine-type epithelium with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, which were positive for anti-CEA and GCDFP-15, as well as eccrine-type epithelium containing mucinous secretory materials in the lumen and the cytoplasm. Ultrastructural findings showed interdigitating plasma membranes with prominent desmosomes between the Paget cells, intracytoplasmic tonofibrils, intracellular tubules, lipid vacuoles, and enlarged mitochondria. Histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings suggested that Paget cells showed both eccrine and apocrine differentiation.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

We immunized sixty two healthy subjects with the five different viral titers (300, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 plaque forming unit; pfu) of the MAV/06 strain of live attenuated Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in order to gain sufficient information on safety and immuogenicity as a vaccine strain. Humoral immunity of all vaccine recipients was tested by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) assay and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitative detection of IgG antibody. We tested neutralized antibody in 62 subjects by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50). All of thirty two subjects with initial seronegative response had antibody by FAMA method at four weeks after immunization with four different preparations of dosage. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) of VZV antibody to membrane antigen was 160.9 in 6 subjects with 1500 pfu group; 83.3 in 14 subjects with 1000 pfu group: 116.2 in 7 subjects with 500 pfu groups and 72.0 in 6 subjects with 300 pfu group. Thirty subjects who had VZV antibody at the time before immunization demonstrated elevated antibody titer by FAMA assay and PRNT50 test. Side reactions of the vaccination was not demonstrated in all cases.
Chickenpox* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G ; Membranes ; Neutralization Tests ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: Surfactant protein A(SP-A) is involved in surfactant physiology and structure, and plays a major role in innate host defense and inflammatory processes in the lung. Steroid therapy is widely used for mothers who threaten to deliver prematurely and also used commonly in the management of preterm infants with chronic lung disease. Two SP-A genes(SP-A1, SP-A2) and several alleles have been characterized for each SP-A gene in human. Preliminary evidence indicates that differences may exist among alleles in response to Dexamethasone(Dexa) and that the SP-A 3'UTR plays a role in this process. We studied whether 3'UTR-mediated differences exist among the most frequently found SP-A alleles in response to Dexa. METHODS: Constructs containing the 3'UTR from eight different SP-A alleles were made using luciferase as a the reporter gene. These constructs were driven by the SV40 promotor and were transfected along with a transfection control vector in H441 cells that express SP-A. The activity of the reporter gene in the presence or absence of Dexa(100 nM) treatment was measured. All the experiments for the eight SP-A alleles studied, were performed in triplicate and repeated five times. The results were normalized to the transfection control. RESULTS: Expression of alleles of 6A3, 6A, 1A were significantly decreased in response to Dexa. CONCLUSION: Three UTR mediated differences exist among human SP-A variants both in the basal expression and in response to Dexa. These genotype-dependent differences may point to a need for a careful consideration of individual use of steroid treatment in the prematurely born infant.
3' Untranslated Regions ; Alleles ; Dexamethasone* ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Luciferases ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Mothers ; Physiology ; Transfection

No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis*

The therapeutic goal for the spinal injury has been focused on preventing the secondary ischemic changes because of the poor regeneration of human spinal cord. Naloxone, an antagonist of endogenous opiates, has been clinically used for the purpose of preventing ischemic change and improving the recovery of neurological function after spinal injury. Recently, thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH), a hypothalamic hormone inducing the thyrotropin secretion in anterior pituitary gland, has been known as a potent stimulator of cardiovascular functions in shock and the neurologic recovery in injuries of central nervous system, however, its underlying mechanism is still obscure. The present study was designed to determine whether TRH was also effective to improve the experimentally induced spinal injury as naloxone did, Somatosensory evoked potentials(SEPs) have used as an index for recovery of neurological function after the spinal injury which was induced by the 400gm.cm contusion of the T-7 spinal level in cats. The results are summarized as follows : 1. SEPs abolished soon after spinal contusion were reappeared 3 hours after injury when either of naloxone(10mg/kg) or TRH(4mg/kg) was administrated intravenously. Its recovery was completed after 24 hours. 2. The recovery rates of SEPs after treatments of naloxone and TRH were 62.5% and 64.7% of experimental animals, respectively. In conclusion, the present studies confirm the therapeutic benefit of TRH in experimental spinal injury and demonstrate that it is superior to treatment with naloxone. Further studies would be needed to explain the underlying mechanism of TRH effects.
Animals ; Cats* ; Central Nervous System ; Contusions ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Humans ; Naloxone ; Opioid Peptides ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior ; Regeneration ; Shock ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Spinal Injuries ; Thyrotropin* ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone*

Breast cancer is a major public health problem. 1 woman in 8 will have breast cancer develop during her lifetime in America. As in the United States, long-term increases in the incidence of breast cancer are being observed worldwide. The high incidence of breast cancer in the female population is provide the rationale for screening. The principal purpose of screening for breast cancer is to reduce mortality from the disease through early diagnosis and treatment. It is demonstrate that mortality from breast cancer can be reduced as much as 30% in a screened population. Thus the authors tried screening for breast cancer by mammography with education in breast self examination and classified mammographic parenchymal pattern of the breast in the National Medical Center. The results obtained were summarized briefly as follows:1) Between 1995-5 and 1995-7, 329 women over aged 35 in National Medical Center were invited for screening by mammography with education in breast self examination and mammographic parenchymal pattern of the breast. 2) 294(89.3 percentage) women in 329 were attended for screening and mammographic parenchymal pattern of the breast. 3) A group of 16 women(4.9 percentage) was called for further assessment. 4) 5 women(1.7 percentage) had suspicious lesions and proceeded to surgical biopsy; 4 lesions proved fibrocystic disease and 1 lesion proved fat necrosis and dystrophic calcification. 5) The mammographic parenchymal pattern of the breast showed the number of women according to classification: 20%, 23%, 50%, 7% for N1, P1, P2, DY type, respectively. 6) The malignant lesion was not detect. The results are not statistically significant. But periodic mammography screening of asymptomatic women shows that a satisfactory cancer detection can be achievable. Follow-up of women over aged 35 in the National Medical Center is continuing.
Americas ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast Self-Examination ; Breast* ; Classification ; Early Diagnosis ; Education ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mammography ; Mass Screening* ; Mortality ; Public Health ; United States

Hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets (HVDRR) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. A number of cases had been reported in many countries but not in Korea. We examined a three-year old Korean girl who had the typical clinical features of HVDRR including rickets, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated serum calcitriol level and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The girl and her father were both heterozygous for the 719 C-to-T (I146T) mutation in exon 4, whereas she and her mother were both heterozygous for 754 C-to-T (R154C) mutation in exon 5 of the VDR gene. In this familial study, we concluded that the girl had compound heterozygous mutations in her VDR gene which caused HVDRR. This is the first report of a unique mutation in the VDR gene in Korea.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bone and Bones/abnormalities/radiography ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemic Rickets, X-Linked Dominant/*genetics/radiography ; Point Mutation ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics ; Republic of Korea