No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cytogenetic Analysis* ; Cytogenetics* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Multifocal development of transitional cell carcinoma in the urinary tract is well recognized. We reviewed the urethral recurrence following cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and determined the factors influencing this recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1984 to December 1996, 97 patients underwent total cystectomy in our hospital and 59 men were able to be followed up for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The incidence of the urethral recurrence after cystectomy and its relationship to some factors including tumor stage, grade, number, shape, and location of the bladder cancer were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients, nine(15.3%) had secondary urethral cancer which was more common in high stage & grade, multiple, sessile tumors and that involved the trigone, bladder neck or prostate. CONCLUSIONS: A proper evaluation of patients at high risk for subsequent development of cancer in the urethra after cystectomy appears to be important to determine whether or not preserve the urethra and to avoid unnecessary urethrectomy during the total cystectomy.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cystectomy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Neck ; Prostate ; Recurrence* ; Urethra ; Urethral Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Tract

A study on the histologic findings of cryptorchid testis according to age and location of testis was performed on 36 patients who were undergone orchiectomy or testicular biopsy among 128 cases of cryptorchidism in the Department of Urology, Chungnam National University Hospital, from January. 1984 to September, 1989. The results were as followings : 1. The age distribution of 128 patients was ranged from 2 to 30 years, and the age group of 6 to 10 years was most commonly seen(37 case, 28.9% ). Bilaterality was 17.2% (22 cases), and the ratio of right to left was 1.7:1. 2. The mean count of spermatogonia per tubule was decreased with aging in the group above the external inguinal ring, but not in the group below the external inguinal ring. 3. The mean tubular diameter of the seminiferous tubule was more increased with aging in the group below the external inguinal ring than in the group above the external inguinal ring, but smaller than normal control. 4. The thickness of basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule was more increased with aging in the group above the external inguinal ring than in the group below the external inguinal ring. 5. The mean tubular fertility index was decreased with aging in the group above the external inguinal ring, but not in the group below the external inguinal ring. From the above results, it was suggested that the cryptorchid testis would be undergone to the progressive degenerative histologic changes with aging, so our attention should be directed to early treatment at least before 2 years of age.
Age Distribution ; Aging ; Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cryptorchidism ; Fertility ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatogonia ; Testis* ; Urology

A clinical study was made on 103 cases of urinary calculi among the number of 464 inpatients during 2 years and 8 months from January 1977 to August 1979, and chemical analysis was performed on 80 cases of urinary calculi which were collected. The results were as followings; 1. The incidence of urinary calculi was 22.2% in inpatients, and male to female ratio was approximately 1.9 : 1. and 81.6% of the patients of urinary calculi were distributed in 20 to 49 years old. 2. The location of urinary calculi were ureter 53.4%. kidney 30.1%, bladder 13.6% and urethra 2.9%. and upper urinary tract calculi was 83.5% and lower urinary tract calculi was 16.5%. The most common size was 1.0-2.9cm (68.8%), and below 0.9cm and above 6.0cm in its diameter were 5% respectively. 3. The results of chemical analysis of 80 urinary calculi revealed oxalate salt in 72.5%. phosphate salt in 70.0%, and single composition was 22.5%, Among the upper urinary tract calculi, oxalate salt were 60.0%, and phosphate salt were 51.3%. but in lower urinary tract, especially in bladder stones, ammonium salt were 83.3%. 4. The calculi which composed with ammonium salt were closely related with infection than other composed calculi.
Ammonium Compounds ; Calculi ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Kidney ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract ; Urolithiasis

PURPOSE: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) has been established as the first line procedure of urinary stone treatment. We studied retrospectively to evaluate the effectiveness of ESWL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ESWL was performed in 750 cases with Modulith SL-20 electromagnetic lithotriptor from January, 1994 to June, 1997 in our Department of Urology. RESULTS: Most patients were distributed between the fourth and sixth decades 72.5%), and male to female ratio was 1.47:1. There were 750 cases of urinary stones: 172 cases of renal stone(23.0%), 529 cases of ureteral stone(70.4%), 14 cases of renal and ureteral stone(1.9%), 35 cases(4.7%) of bladder stone, and range of size was 5mm-60mm in diameter The success rate according to stone location was 76.2% In renal stone, 98.1% in ureter stone, 84.3% in renal and ureteral stone, and 71.4% In bladder stone. The success rate according to stone size measured on the KUB and sonography was 98.0% in 5-10mm, 82.0% in 11-20mm, 46.4% in 21-30mm and 40.0% over 31mm. The average number of sessions was 2.8 sessions. Of 59 cases of staghorn calculi, 16 were treated without preoperative silicone ureteral stenting, while 43 were treated with preoperative silicone ureteral stunting. The complications were gross hematuria(69.6%), flank pain(13.4%), nausea & vomiting(8.4%), fever(1.9%), steinstrasse(1.2%), perirenal hematoma(0.7%) and uremia(0.1%). The failure rate was 8.8%. The causes of failure were large stone(2.67%), difficulty in eliminating lower caliceal stones(1.33%), bladder stone(1.33%), impact stone(1.07%), caliceal diverticulum(0.93%), infundibular stenosis(0.67%), steinstrasse(0.53%), ureterocele(0.13%), and patient's desire for operation(0.13%). CONCLUSIONS: ESWL is considered to be a safe and non-invasive treatment method. ESWL therapy is less effective for stones larger than 2cm(43.4%), staghorn calculi(52.5%) or the presence of anatomical obstructions.
Calculi ; Female ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Magnets ; Male ; Nausea ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock* ; Silicones ; Stents ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urology

From August l985 through June l987, ll patients were performed urinary diversion with Skinner`s modified Kock continent ileal reservoir. Postoperative follow up presently is between 2 months and 20 months. The following results were obtained. l. This operation was performed in 9 bladder cancers, I vesicovaginal fistula and l neurogenic bladder. 2. Early complications were acute pyelonephritis, wound infection, urine leakage of reservoir difficult self catheterization, acute renal failure, hepatic dysfunction and ileocutaneous fistula. 3. Late complications were asymptomatic bacteriuria, stone formation in reservoir, intestinal obstruction, incontinence and ureteral reflux. 4. Surgical management was applied for correction of incontinence or difficult self catheterization but the latter patient died of acute renal failure. 5. Progressive renal deterioration, metabolic disturbance, nutritional deficiency and electrolyte imbalance not been encountered in any cases.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Bacteriuria ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Colonic Pouches* ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Malnutrition ; Pyelonephritis ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Diversion ; Vesicovaginal Fistula ; Wound Infection

Prostatic cancer is a pervasive disease affecting a large percentage of men over the age of 50. In those cases where the malignancy is localized to the prostatic gland, digital rectal examination (DRE), the traditional diagnostic method for prostatic cancer, may not be diagnostic. It is also well recognized that although small nodular indurated areas in the prostate may be readily palpable the differentiation between benign and malignant area cannot be made reliably by digital rectal examination alone. Various techniques have been used to detect the prostatic cancer. But there are many problems for routine use. So in order to evaluate the diagnostic modalities for prostatic cancer such as DRE, serum PSA assay and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) according to histopathologic results, three diagnostic modalities (DRE, serum PSA assay and TRUS) were performed in 51 cases of 140 cases with prostatism in the Department of Urology, Chungnam National University Hospital from January. 1989 to November, 1990. The results were as follows: 1. In 140 patients with prostatism, 1O3 cases were benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 37 cases(23.6%) were prostatic cancer, which was increased with aging in its frequency. 2. In TRUS, serum PSA assay and DRE, diagnostic results for prostatic cancer were 93.3%, 73.3% and 60.0% in sensitivity, 91.7%, 88.9% and 86.1% in specificity, 82.4%, 73.3% and 64.3% in positive predictive value, 97.1%, 88.9% and 83.8% in negative predictive value, and 27.5%, 21 6% and 17.6% in detection rate, respectively. 3. The risk of malignancy is increased with high positive rate in TRUS, DRE and serum PSA. So, diagnostic error would be minimized, if more diagnostic modalities are used with combination than alone.
Aging ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnostic Errors ; Digital Rectal Examination* ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Prostatism ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography* ; Urology

Ureteroileocecal sigmoidostomy is a method of continent urinary diversion which can protect the upper urinary tact from urinary reflux and infection, without external collecting devices and concomitant catheterization as in other forms of urinary diversion. Recently, we experienced 7 cases of ureteroileocecal sigmoidostomy in bladder cancer. Of them, 3 cases of immediate complications (retroperitoneal urinoma, wound disruption and ureteral obstruction ) were developed, but they could be corrected with prolonged placement of rectal tube or corrective surgery. And then, ureteral reflux, upper urinary tract infection and incontinence were not observed. So, ureteroileocecal sigmoidostomy is an attractive method of continent urinary diversion in selected cases.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urinoma ; Wounds and Injuries

Ureteroileocecal sigmoidostomy is a method of continent urinary diversion which can protect the upper urinary tact from urinary reflux and infection, without external collecting devices and concomitant catheterization as in other forms of urinary diversion. Recently, we experienced 7 cases of ureteroileocecal sigmoidostomy in bladder cancer. Of them, 3 cases of immediate complications (retroperitoneal urinoma, wound disruption and ureteral obstruction ) were developed, but they could be corrected with prolonged placement of rectal tube or corrective surgery. And then, ureteral reflux, upper urinary tract infection and incontinence were not observed. So, ureteroileocecal sigmoidostomy is an attractive method of continent urinary diversion in selected cases.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urinoma ; Wounds and Injuries

The diagnosis of urinary tract infection is established by clinical symptoms and signs, urinalysis and urine culture. Urinalysis and urine culture are influenced by external environmental factors, especially temperature and time. So we have performed an assay for these effects on urinalysis and urine culture in 30 consecutive patients with urinary tract infection. Urinary specific gravity, pH and chemical components (protein, sugar, bilirubin, ketone and nitrite) were not influenced with environmental factors (temperature and time), but cellular components (RBC, WBC) were gradually decreased in number with increasing time in all temperatures without significance(p>0.06). Urine colony counts were not influenced significantly at 4 degrees C, but were increased in 4 hours at 18 degrees C and in 2 hours at 30 degrees C significantly (p<0.05). So, bacteriologic survey for urinary tract infection must be performed at least within 2 hours after collection of urine.
Bilirubin ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Specific Gravity ; Urinalysis* ; Urinary Tract Infections