Twenty-five paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were analyzed for detection of HPV 16 and 18 in cervical adenocarcinoma by polymerase chain reaction with type specific primers and by non-radioactive Southern blot hybridization for confirmation . The suitability of paraffin-embedded tissue as PCR material was confirmed by successful amplification of 100% of cervical specimens with human -globin specific primer. Eighty four percent of the cervical adenocarcinoma tissues were positive for HPV 16 and/or 18. HPV 16 positive rate was 68%, HPV 18 was 60%. The double infection with HPV 16 and 18 was found in 44%. Three cases of the negative specimen in PCR for each type of HPV DNA 16 and 18 were positive in Southern blot hybridization. The total positive rate was 92% for HPV 16 and/or HPV 18, HPV 16 positive rate was 80%. HPV 18 was 72%. The double infection with HPV 16 and 18 was 60%. These results suggest that the pattern of HPV types 16 and 18 is closely associated with carcinogenesis of cervical cancers. HPV type 18 appears to be preferentially related to cervical adenocarcinoma and the poor prognosis of these patients. Therefore, determination of HPV DNA type in cervical carcinoma patients is important in treatment and prognosis.
Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to increase the knowledge of the intra- and extra-spinal alignments and to help recovery of sagittal alignment in operation by measuring the normal values of the spinal alignment in relation to hip axis as well as those of the thoracic, thoracolumbar junction, lumbar and lumbosacral junction of sagittal alignment and their correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Whole spine standing lateral radiographs were taken in young 100 adults without spinal abnormalities clinically and radiographically. Intraspinal alignment was measured with angles of thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, maximum thoracic kyphosis, maximum lumbar lordosis, angle of the thoracolumbar junction, sacral inclination, segmental angles and disc angles respectively with special emphasis on lumbar lordosis. Extraspinal alignment was measured with sacropelvic angle, spinopelvic balance and spinal balance in relation to hip axis. Correlations among these parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis were measured -49 degree(-22 - -79 degree) and 32 degree(6 degree-56 degree), respectively. Slight amount of kyphosis in thoracolumbar junctional area was considered normal. Lumbar lordosis had significant correlation with thoracic kyphosis and sacral inclination. However, there was no correlation between thoracic kyphosis and sacral inclination. Lowest two lumbar segments comprised 71% of total lordosis. Lumbar lordosis usually started at L1-2 and gradually increased at each level caudally to the sacrum. Sacropelvic angle, spinopevlic balance and spinal balance were measured -11 degree(-6 degree - 24 degree), -4 cm (-10 - 2 cm), and -2 cm (-7 - 4 cm) respectively with C7 positioned posterior to hip axis mostly. CONCLUSIONS: There was a wide range of normal sagittal alignment of the thoracic and lumbar spines, and normal values of these alignments were not easily defined. Therefore, normal patterns of sagittal curvature and sagittal balance should be more emphasized.
Adult ; Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Hip ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Lordosis ; Reference Values ; Sacrum ; Spine*

PURPOSE: Not all premature infants have respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), although prematurity is the most crucial risk-factor. Since genetic factors are known to be an etiology of RDS, this dissertation examines if specific SP-A alleles/genotypes are associated with either increased or decreased risk of RDS. METHODS: Investigated for this research were 272 preterm Korean infants. Among them, 89 infants with RDS and 183 controlled infants were analyzed for SP-A genotypes by using the real- time PCR assay. RESULTS: The specific frequencies of the alleles of the SP-A1 gene among the preterm infants (n=544 alleles) turned out to be 47.6% for 6A3, 27.2% for 6A2, 23.7% for 6A4, and 1.5% for others. Those of the alleles of the SP-A2 gene were 46.9% for 1A12, 18.9% for 1A6 and 18.9% for 1A10 (n=544 alleles). Others include 3.9% each for 1A and 1.1% for 1A0. These results present great difference from previous studies. This research found new genotypes each of SP-A1 and SP-A2 genes. The 1A12/1A12 genotype has statistical relations with different gestational age under 32 weeks. The 1A12/1A12 was underrepresented (14.6% vs 26.8%) (P<0.05) among the preterm infants with RDS. In the preterm infants with RDS born at gestational age> or =32 wk, the 1A12/1A12 acts as the only significant protective factor from the development of RDS [odds ratio 0.156 (P=0.014, 95% confidence intervals 0.035-0.691)]. CONCLUSION: The SP-A gene polymorphism is the crucial factor to the predisposition to RDS when the gestational ages of preterm infants are higher.
Alleles ; Genotype ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A*

PURPOSE: To evaluate indications and effectiveness of intramedullary K-wire fixation for distal radial fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty one fractures of distal radius treated with intramedullary K-wire fixation from April 2001 to September 2002 were evaluated. The mean age was 67.8(range 46~82). Severely comminuted intra-articular fractures and Barton's fractures were excluded. One or two K-wires were added percutaneously. To assess the functional result, we used Green and O'Brien score system. The radiographic assessment included a scoring system based on measurements of radial length, radial inclination, volar tilt and step-off of the radial articular surface. RESULTS: Average follow up period was 13.5 months. In functional result, excellent and good result were obtained in 18 cases (86%). In radiologic result, mean loss of radial length, radial inclination and volar tilt were 0.9 mm, 1.4degrees, 0.9degrees, respectively. CONCLUSION: The advantages of intramedullary K-wire fixation were relatively simple procedure, low occurrence of soft tissue complications and early wrist motion. Intramedullary K-wire fixation was good to maintaining reduction in osteoporotic bone.
Follow-Up Studies ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Radius* ; Wrist