OBJECTIVE: Meralgia Paresthetica is an entrapment neuropathy involving the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. The aim of the present study is to evalute results of two surgical procedures(neurolysis and transection) for this disease. METHODS: The authors reviewed the 11 patients who underwent surgery in our hospital for meralgia paresthetica for last 15 years. Preoperatively all patients were treated by conservative management which was failed. Visual analogue scale(VAS) sore was used for pre-and post-operative assessments of the pain. Operation is performed by infrainguinal ligament approach. Nine patients underwent neurolysis, and two patients underwent transection of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. The average follow-up period was 14.3 months. RESULTS: In 10 cases good relief of symptom was obtained, but in one case relief of symptom was not. Superior result of transection as a treatment for meralgia paresthetica was obtained. But, there was no statistically significant difference between two procedures because of small group. CONCLUSION: When surgery is indicated for patients in whom pain is severe and persistent despite adequate conserative management, it appears to offer good results.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments

Behçet's disease is an inflammatory disorder involving multiple organs. Its cause is still unknown, but vasculitis is the major pathologic characteristic. The common vascular lesions associated with Behçet's disease are aneurysm formation, arterial or venous occlusive diseases, and varices. Arterial aneurysms mostly occur in large arteries. Intracranial aneurysms hardly occur with Behçet's disease. We would like to present a 41-year-old female patient with Behçet's disease who showed symptoms of severe headache due to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain computed tomography revealed multiple aneurysms. We also present a literature review of intracranial arterial aneurysms associated with Behçet's disease.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Brain ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Varicose Veins ; Vasculitis

No abstract available.
Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Lasers, Gas*

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious viral disease that is common among children. It is clinically characterized by vesicular eruptions on the palms and soles and a maculopapular rash. Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails at their proximal ends and results from arrest of the proliferative function of the nail matrix. Recently, a few reports described onychomadesis following HFMD, although the mechanism remains unclear. To our knowledge, this association has not been reported in Korea. Herein, we report two cases of onychomadesis following HFMD and review the published data.
Child ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Korea ; Virus Diseases

Internal jugular vein cannulation is commonly used for the anesthetic management of patients undergoing a major operation. Complications associated with internal jugular vein cannulation such as a carotid artery puncture, pneumothorax and hemothorax, have been reported; however, thrombotic complications of arteries due to accidental arterial punctures are rare. We report a case of thrombotic obstruction of the subclavian artery associated with inadvertent arterial puncture following an attempted internal jugular vein cannulation.
Arteries ; Carotid Arteries ; Catheterization ; Hemothorax ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Pneumothorax ; Punctures ; Subclavian Artery ; Thrombosis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of spinal implant removal and to determine the possible mechanisms of pain relief. METHODS: Fourteen patients with an average of 42 years (from 22 to 67 years) were retrospectively evaluated. All patients had posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion, who later developed recurrent back pain or persistent back pain despite a solid fusion mass. Patients' clinical charts, operative notes, and preoperative x-rays were evaluated. Relief of pain was evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain change after implant removal. Clinical outcome using VAS and modified MacNab's criteria was assessed on before implant removal, 1 month after implant removal and at the last clinical follow-up. Radiological analysis of sagittal alignment was also assessed. RESULTS: Average follow-up period was 18 months (from 12 to 25 months). There were 4 patients who had persistent back pain at the surgical site and 10 patients who had recurrent back pain. The median time after the first fusion operation and the recurrence of pain was 6.5 months (from 3 to 13 months). All patients except one had palpation pain at operative site. The mean blood loss was less than 100ml and there were no major complications. The mean pain score before screw removal and at final follow up was 6.4 and 2.9, respectively (p<0.005). Thirteen of the 14 patients were graded as excellent and good according to modified MacNab's criteria. Overall 5.9 degrees of sagittal correction loss was observed at final follow up, but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: For the patients with persistent or recurrent back pain after spinal instrumentation, removal of the spinal implant may be safe and an efficient procedure for carefully selected patients who have palpation pain and are unresponsive to conservative treatment.
Back Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Palpation ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: Bilateral laminotomy and unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression are becoming the minimally invasive procedures for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). With the aim of less invasiveness and better preservation of spinal stability, these techniques have been developed. But there are no large randomized studies to show the surgical results between these two techniques. The objective of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of these two minimally invasive techniques. METHODS: A total of 80 patients were included in this study (Group I : bilateral laminotomy, Group II : Unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression). Perioperative parameters and complications were analyzed. Symptoms and scores such as visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and SF-36 scores of prospectively accrued patients were assessed preoperatively and at 1 month and 12 months after surgery. Paired-t test, two-sample student-t tests, and nonparametric tests were used to determine cross-sectional differences between two groups. RESULTS: No major complications such as spinal instability or deaths occurred during follow-up periods. VAS, ODI scores and SF-36 body pain and physical function scores showed statistically significant improvements in both groups (p<0.001). The significant widening of the spinal canal diameter was also noted in both groups. But, in Group II, there were minor postoperative complications such as dural tear (2 cases 5.0%), fracture of ipsilateral inferior facet (1 case 2.5%), and 5 cases of transient leg symptoms of contralateral side. CONCLUSION: Both bilateral laminotomy and unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression allow achievement of adequate and long-lasting operative results in patients with LSS. But postoperative complications are more frequent in Group II (unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression). These results indicate that bilateral laminotomy is the preferred minimally invasive technique to treat symptomatic LSS.
Decompression* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminectomy* ; Leg ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Visual Analog Scale

OBJECTIVE: Bilateral laminotomy and unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression are becoming the minimally invasive procedures for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). With the aim of less invasiveness and better preservation of spinal stability, these techniques have been developed. But there are no large randomized studies to show the surgical results between these two techniques. The objective of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of these two minimally invasive techniques. METHODS: A total of 80 patients were included in this study (Group I : bilateral laminotomy, Group II : Unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression). Perioperative parameters and complications were analyzed. Symptoms and scores such as visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and SF-36 scores of prospectively accrued patients were assessed preoperatively and at 1 month and 12 months after surgery. Paired-t test, two-sample student-t tests, and nonparametric tests were used to determine cross-sectional differences between two groups. RESULTS: No major complications such as spinal instability or deaths occurred during follow-up periods. VAS, ODI scores and SF-36 body pain and physical function scores showed statistically significant improvements in both groups (p<0.001). The significant widening of the spinal canal diameter was also noted in both groups. But, in Group II, there were minor postoperative complications such as dural tear (2 cases 5.0%), fracture of ipsilateral inferior facet (1 case 2.5%), and 5 cases of transient leg symptoms of contralateral side. CONCLUSION: Both bilateral laminotomy and unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression allow achievement of adequate and long-lasting operative results in patients with LSS. But postoperative complications are more frequent in Group II (unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression). These results indicate that bilateral laminotomy is the preferred minimally invasive technique to treat symptomatic LSS.
Decompression* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laminectomy* ; Leg ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Visual Analog Scale

BACKGROUND: Segmental high thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia is now accepted as a popular technique for thoracic and breast surgeries, as well as post operative pain relief. However, a high thoracic epidural puncture is technically difficult, which can cause neurological complications. Having prior knowledge of the distance from the skin to the thoracic epidural space may be helpful for the prevention of complications during this procedure. This study was undertaken to evaluate the distance from the skin to the thoracic epidural space and the insertion angle of the Tuohy needle, as measured using a protractor, and to determine any potential relationship between a patient's height, weight and BMI (body mass index) with the calculated distance on the preoperative chest CT and the distance from the skin to the epidural space in 50 women undergoing a mastectomy. METHODS: In the sitting position, using a mid-line approach, the T4-5 epidural depth was measured in 50 mastectomy patients after the block had been successfully confirmed. The patient's age, height, weight and BMI, as well as the calculated distance on the preoperative chest CT were then checked. RESULTS: The distance from the skin to the thoracic epidural space at the T4-5 intervertebral level and insertion angle were 5.59 +/- 1.26 cm and 54.40 +/- 12.12 degrees, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the epidural depth and, the weight, BMI and calculated distance on the preoperative chest CT. CONCLUSIONS: The distance from the skin to the thoracic epidural space showed significant relationships with the weight, BMI and calculated distance on the preoperative chest CT.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Breast ; Epidural Space* ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Needles ; Punctures ; Skin* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Patients with herpes zoster generally complain typical manifestations, including prodromal pain, a grouped vesicular rash and prickling pain on unilateral dermatomes. However, there have been a few reports showing clinical differences by age. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical differences among the various aged populations that suffer with herpes zoster. METHODS: The medical records of 921 patients who were diagnosed with herpes zoster at our institution between January 2002 and December 2008 were reviewed, and if necessary, telephone interviews were done. According to the age groups as classified with a decade-scale, the data was assessed with respect to gender, seasonal occurrence, the dermatomal distribution, prodromal pain, the chief symptom, the range of lesion, underlying diseases and postherpetic neuralgia. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 57.7 and the ratio of males to females was 1:1.4. The proportions of female patients gradually increased in the over 40 year-old group (p<0.001). As one grows older, there is a trend for a higher occurrence of herpes zoster in winter (p=0.011). The likelihood of attacks on the trigeminal dermatome appeared to increase with age, but that of the spinal dermatomes, including the cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral area, showed a decrease with age (p=0.01). The rate of prodromal pain was higher with age (p=0.004). The rate of prickling pain increased with age, but that of pruritus decreased with age (p=0.001). The presence of widely involved lesion (p=0.013), an underlying disease (p<0.001) and postherpetic neuralgia (p<0.001) increased with age. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that the clinical findings associated with herpes zoster were not always consistent in different aged populations. The rate of female patients, occurrence in winter, an attack on the trigeminal dermatome, prodromal pain, prickling pain, larger lesion, underlying disease and postherpetic neuralgia showed a tendency to increase with age.
Aged ; Exanthema ; Female ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Medical Records ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic ; Pruritus ; Seasons