Objective To understand the distribution of overweight and obesity in 0-5 years old children who were born small for gestational age ( SGA) in Shanghai through a cross-sectional investigation. Methods All resident children aged 0-5 years were included, covering all 18 districts in Shanghai. Health-check cards were prepared for SGA children. The check-up included weight,length/height and head circumference. Body mass index ( BMI) was used to evaluate the overweight and obesity according to the standard of World Health Organization ( WHO) . Results This study investigated 728 602 children aged 0-5 years in Shanghai,and ultimately 23 871 of them were defined as SGA,a-mong whom 9 805(41. 4%) were boys and 14 066(58. 9%) were girls. The BMI of SGA children were higher than that of appropriate for gestational age( AGA) from 4 to 18 months,while for the rest of the time,they were basically the same. There was no difference in changing tendency of BMI between SGA children and those AGA children. The distri-bution of overweight and obesity according to the standard of WHO in SGA boys among different ages was 7. 7% to 20. 7%, and 15. 7% in average;the distribution of SGA girls among different ages was 5. 9% to 18. 3%,and 12. 9% in average. The proportion of overweight at the age of 4-18 months was significantly higher than that of other ages. There was no correlation between overweight at 0-2 years old and overweight at the age of 5(P>0. 05). Conclusions Com-pared with SGA girls,overweight and obesity in SGA boys were more serious. The age of 4-18 months were the period of high incidence of overweight. There was no correlation between overweight at 0-2 years old and overweight at the age of 5.

Objective To evaluate the capability for detecting of tumor cells in ascites and pleural effusion by Sysmex XN‐2000 hematology analyzer .Methods Determination of 84 samples of ascites and pleural effusion specimens with Sysmex XN‐2000 hema‐tology analyzer humoral model to analyze the study parameters highly fluorescent cells absolute value (HF‐BF # ) and percentage (HF‐BF% ) of ascites and pleural effusions screening of tumor cells ,and related data for statistical analysis .Results In 84 cases of pleural effusion and ascites samples ,cytology found 14 cases of malignant cells ,cancer cells are not found in 70 cases .14 cases of malignant cases ,HF‐BF # average of 169 /μL(0-2 001) ,HF‐BF% with an average of 29 .7% (0% -261% );70 cases of benign cases ,HF‐BF # an average of 39 /μL(0-524) ,HF‐BF% with an average of 4 .2% (0% -27 .8% ) ,both groups were statistical differences in the mean significance(P<0 .05) .ROC curve analysis with high absolute value and percentage of fluorescent cells to tumor cells detection function ,HF‐BF # area under the curve(AUC) was 0 .493 ,the area(AUC)% HF‐BF under the curve was 0 .222 .Conclusion Sysmex XN‐2000 Pattern of humoral parameters of HF‐BF # and HF‐BF% ,although the tumor cells may pro‐vide some screening information ,but ineffective ,so we believe that in our daily work can′t be over‐reliance on the instrument HF‐BF# ,HF‐BF% and other parameters should be performed on every sample smear staining ,thus improving the detection rate of ma‐lignant cells .

Almost 3% of newborns are diagnosed as small for gestational age(SGA)worldwide.Born SGA is one of the important causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality,and is also associated with metabolic diseases in adulthood.Low birth weight by itself is insufficient to characterize growth restriction,as it does not include information about the neonate’s body proportionality.Depending on the origin,timing and severity of in-sult,small for gestational age infants are classified into two types:proportionate or symmetric growth restriction (SGR)and disproportionate or asymmetric growth restriction(AGR).There may be differences in physical and neurological development of these two types.This study compares three classification indexes,and to find differ-ences in postnatal growth of these two types.

[Objective]To explore the effect of hip joint center on the stability of hip joint,the radiographic measurements were compared between preoperation and postoperation.[Method]A total of 155 hips from 120 patients with primary total hip replacement from resent years were studied,the hip joint center difference through radiographic measurements between preoperation and postoperation were compared.[Result]The coincident rate and the incoincident rate were 63.23%(group A,98 hips) and 36.77%(group B,57 hips) respectively.For loose,dislocation or low back pain,the rate of revision in group A and group B were 6.12% and 29.82% respectively.[Conclusion]The comeback of hip joint center was essential for stability of hip joint.

BACKGROUND: It is significant to establish a kind of effective, conve nient and reliable animal model of hypertension. At present, dogs, rats and rabbits are usually used to establish hypertensive models at home and abroad, and the renal artery stenosis induced hypertensive models are ex tensively used to research hypertension and its complication for human be ings because they are convenient and reliable, and there are many methods to establish them, but the effects are to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To establish convenient and reliable animal models of ex perimental renal artery stenosis induced hypertension. DESIGN: A randomized grouping design and animal experiment. SETTING: Institute of Cerebrovascular diseases, Medical College Hospital of Qingdao University. MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in Shandong Key Labora tory for Prevention and treatment of Brain Disease from September 2005 to February 2006. Eighty-one healthy Wistar rats divided into 7 groups accord ing to the method of random number table: unilateral renal artery stenosis group (n=18), bilateral renal artery stenosis group (n=17), unilateral renal artery ligation group (n=15), bilateral renal artery ligation group (n=15), uni lateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group (n=6), bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group (n=4) and normal control group (n=6). METHODS: Unilateral renal artery stenosis group: Right renal artery was clamped with miniature silver clip, and left kidney was resected after 12 days. Bilateral renal artery stenosis group: Right renal artery was clamped with miniature silver clip, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Unilateral renal artery ligation group: Right renal artery was ligated with filament, and left kidney was resected after 12 days. Bilateral renal artery ligation group: Right renal artery was ligated with filament, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Unilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group: Right kidney was exposed, and returned to the original place without any treatment, and left kidney was resected af ter 12 days. Bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group: Right kid ney was exposed, and returned to the original place without any treatment, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Normal con trol group: The rats were not given any treatment. The blood pressure and heart rate were determined with RBP-2 hemomanometer for rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The successful rate of model estab lishment, blood pressure and heart rate were observed. RESULTS: Totally 81 rats were used, and 61 of them died, all were in volved in the analysis of results without deletion. ① Blood pressures in the unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis groups and bilateral renal artery ligation group were obviously higher than those in the normal control group and bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group [(138.0 ±36.5), (154.2±11.6), (160.5±0.7), (101.3±17.6), (108.3±5.7) mm Hg]. ② The changes of heart rate in the renal artery stenosis group were unstable, and the heart rates in the unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis groups, bilateral renal artery ligation group, normal control group and bilat eral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group were (367.5±47.2), (420.2 ±47.8), (386.0±4.2), (390.3±42.4), (417.3±27.5) beats per minute, respec tively. ③ The survival rates in the renal artery stenosis groups (22%, 29%) were significantly higher than those in the renal artery ligation groups (0,12%), and it was the highest in the unilateral renal artery stenosis group.CONCLUSION: The method of clamping bilateral renal arteries can establish stable rat models of hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine combined with chemotherapy on immune function in treatment of children with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods 89 cases with pulmonary tuberculosis from December 2010 to December 2013 treated in three hospitals in xinxiang city were randomly divided into control group and observation group.The control group was given regular chemotherapy,the observation group was given chemotherapy combined with Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine therapy.CD4 +,CD8 +,CD8 +/CD4 +and CD16 +CD56 +in peripheral blood were evaluated by FCM before and after treatment.Serum TNF- αand IL-10 levels were detected by the method of ELISA.Taking 3 sputum samples (night sputum,morning sputum and sputum at moment)of each patient to smear after treatment.Results Before treatment,there was no significant difference of each index between two groups.After treatment,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 +and CD16 +CD56 +in the observation group were significantly higher than that before treatment and the control group(P<0.05).The proportion of CD8 +in two groups was significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05),the difference between groups was not statistically significant.Serum TNF- αand IL-10 levels decreased significantly in two groups than those before treatment and the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the negative conversion rate in the control group was 90.9%(n=40),while 100%(n=45)in the observation group.The difference between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine combined with chemotherapy has a significant effect on children with pulmonary tuberculosis.It could significantly improve the immune function of children.

Objective To compare and analyze the detection situation of common pathogens in child respiratory tract infection in our hospital and to provide the basis for clinical accurate diagnosis and reasonable treatment .Methods A total of 6 032 specimens were collected from the children patients with acute respiratory tract infection in the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from January to December 2015 .The immunodot test technology was adopted to detect the 6 kinds of early specific serum antibody IgM of common respiratory pathogens :adenovirus (ADV ) ,influenza virus (IV ) ,parainfluenza (PIV ) ,respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ,mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and chlamydia pneumonia (CP) .The differences in children infection pat‐terns ,different ages ,seasons and genders were analyzed .Results Among 6 032 specimens ,2 279 cases were positive with the posi‐tive rate of 37 .8% .The positive rates of 6 kinds of respiratory pathogens were in turn 12 .2% for ADV ,9 .6% for IV ,7 .9% for CP ,4 .6% for MP ,3 .0% for RSV and 0 .3% for PIV .The detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was higher in spring and summer ;age groups of 1-3 years old and 4-6 years old had higher positive detection rate .Conclusion The main common patho‐gen of respiratory tract infection in this hospital is ADV ,followed by IV .Their infection has obvious seasonality .The mycoplasma and chlamydia also are the common pathogens of respiratory tract infection ,which are dominated by MP and CP .

The region of about 4.0 kb upstream of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) chiA gene was sequenced, in which six open reading frames(ORF1～6) were found. These ORFs are 156, 297, 540, 369, 1281, and 228 nucleotides long, encoding the proteins of 51, 98, 179, 122, 426, and 75 amino acids with the molecular weight of 6.15 kD, 11.46 kD, 21.70 kD, 14.69 kD, 47.59 kD, and 9.09 kD respectively. One early promoter motif CAGT in ORF1 and ORF3, two early promoter motifs CAGT in ORF2, one late promoter motif TAAG in ORF4 and two late promoter motifs TAAG in ORF5 were found in 5′noncoding regions of these ORFs. The polyadenylation signals, AATAAA, are located downstream of the translation stop codon of ORF1, ORF4 and ORF5. ORF4 is the homologous gene of AcMNPV ORF53, BmNPV ORF42, OpMNPV ORF56 and LdMNPV ORF54. Compared with all genes from baculoviruses, ORF1, ORF2 and ORF6 have no homologous genes. It is suggested that ORF1, ORF2 and ORF6 may be three novel baculovirus genes.

Effects of Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd on growth and enzyme activities of microorganisms such as Bacillus licheniformis 2709,Bacillus subtilis1.398 and Aspergillus usamii 537,which can individually produce alka-line,neutral and acid protease,were studied,respectively. By determining growth and enzyme activities of three bacterial species,as well as analyzing their tolerance and resistance indicators(MTC and MIC) using growth inhibition plate analysis(GIPA) under different heavy metal gradients,results showed that four heavy metals under higher than a special concentration level significantly inhibited growth and enzyme ac-tivities of three species. The alkaline protease exhibited greatest adaptability to four heavy metals,next the neutral protease also exhibited certain adaptibilty to Zn and Cd,whereas the acid protease was totally inhib-ited under any levels of heavy metal concentrations. Three species not only showed great potential to tolerate and resist toxicity of lead and zinc(2.0 mmol/L-6.0 mmol/L) ,but also showed certain resistance to cad-mium(0.5 mmol/L-0.75 mmol/L) .

Objective To investigate the health condition of swimmers who swim in a river in Guangzhou city and to know the influencing factors in order to provide the scientific data for making the diseases control guide for swimmers swimming in the river.Methods The swimmers who swam in a river in Guangzhou city were selected and the cluster sampling survey was conducted by telephone interview and questionnaires in 2006.The statistic analysis of the data was done with the chi-square and Logistic regression.Results 17.9% of the investigated swimmers felt disconffortable in the first time to swim in the river,the main symptoms were eye and skin symptoms,12.2% had the same symptoms in second time to swim in the river,there was a significant difference between the prevalence rates of the eye symptoms.The Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were associated with the prevalence of discomfortable symptoms:age,gender,swimming with any kinds of tampon in unclean river water,in the first time to swim in the river and in the second time to swim in the river,the related OR values were 0.95 and 0.97,3.55 and 2.32,14.83 and 6.7.Other factors associated with the prevalence of discomfortable symptoms were as follows:swimming period in unclean fiver water,swimming stroke,chokes the water,times of choking water,using earplugs,head position in water,the related OR values were 1.06,0.50,2.1,1.22,0.44,1.65.Concousion To swim in the natural unclean river may cause the discomfort,the main problems are eye and skin symptoms.