No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital*

No abstract available.
Tuberous Sclerosis*

The species composition, population density, and seasonal prevalence of vector mosquitoes in an inland area of Kyungpook province were studied, based on light trap and human bait trap collections, and the recent patterns of infestation for infective larvae of Brugia malayi in these vector hosts were investigated from May to November in 1985. Nine species in four genera of mosquitoes were collected by light trap, human bait trap, and/or by nets. Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann was the most abundant species collected by light traps during this year. Culex tritaeniorhychus Giles was the second abundant species, and Aedes vexans nipponii(Theobald) ranked third in total abundance. The earlist time when A. sinensis were found was the middle of May. At that time the temperature ranged from 14.3 C to 22.8 C and the humidity 53-90 per cent. The month of highest average nightly catch was July, when the temperature was betweeen 21.5 C and 30.6 C and the humidity 72-91 per cent. The peak time of biting activity of mosquitoes was different in each month, i.e. between 22:00-23:00 in July, and 20:00-21:00 hours in September, when the temperature was between 24.3 C and 26.5 C and the humidity 73-88 per cent in the field. While infective larvae of B. malayi were reported to have been found in one species of mosquito in 1975, no larvae were found in any species collected in this survey.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; arthropoda ; Brugia malayi ; Anopheles sinensis ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regional differences of skin blood flow and to evaluate the effects of foot temperature on the severity of neuropathic pain and to predict the development of plantar foot ulceration by measuring of the temperature variations on the plantar surface of feet in the diabetic patients. METHOD: We measured the temperature variations on plantar surface of the feet in controls (n=18) and diabetic patients with(n=20) or without(n=23) polyneuropathy. The surface temperature from the 3rd metatarsal head(MTH), greater toe(GT), heel, medial and lateral longitudinal arch(LA) was measured by Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI). RESULTS: The mean foot temperature of diabetic patients with polyneuropathy was significantly increased compared to controls or diabetic patients without polyneuropathy(p<0.001). The surface temperature readings of the GT, medial LA and the 3rd MTH tended to be increased in controls and patients with polyneuropathy. The mean plantar surface temperature was significantly increased according to the duration of diabetes mellitus(DM)(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that DITI provides a diagnostic modality in the prediction of neuropathic foot and increased risks of foot ulcer development in the diabetic patients.
Diabetic Neuropathies ; Foot Ulcer* ; Foot* ; Heel ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Neuralgia ; Polyneuropathies ; Reading ; Skin

BACKGROUND: In the past patients who needed ventilatory care were treated in the hospital but now, thanks to advanced technology, those patients can be treated at their homes. This study was done to evaluate the clinical course of each patient and the effectiveness of home ventilatory care program. METHODS: We reviewed ten cases of ventilator - dependent children who were discharged from the pediatric intensive care unit since we started a home ventilatory care program. RESULTS: Six patients remained ventilator - dependent, three patients died and one patient cannot be reached. The clinical courses before home ventilatory care was decided were diverse. None of the patients needed hospital care related to complications of mechanical ventilatory care. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small number of patients and the short follow up duration, we concluded that ventilator-dependent children can be successfully managed at their homes.
Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Ventilators, Mechanical

There have been many reports of angiographic extravasation since the first description by Jamieson in 1952. Preoperative differential diagnosis between epidural and subdural post-traumatic blood collections is not always possible on the basis of cerebral angiographic signs alone, but many authors considered that extravasation of the contrast medium from a ruptured meningeal vessel is commonly considered as a definitive angiographic sign of epidural hematoma. Some authors feel that an extravasation of contrast medium from rupture of the middle meningeal artery does not necessarily indicate an epidural hematoma since it may also be formed rarely in cases of subdural or intracerebral blood collections. The authors report 6 cases of angiographic extravasation in head injury patient, 3 epidural hematoma, 2 subdural hematoma and one intracerebral hematoma.
Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Meningeal Arteries ; Rupture

PURPOSE: Periportal low attenuation, defined as a low attenuation rim around the portal vein and its branches which is seen on contrast material-enhanced CT scans, has been described in a variety of conditions. We tried to document that lymphatic obstruction is one of the major cause of periportal low attenuation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively analyzed 57 cases of periportal low attenuation on abdominal CT scans and also reviewed the surgical records in 32 cases. Lymph node enlargement in the hepatoduodenal ligament which is a main lymphatic channel from the liver were analyzed and calculated the ratio of the transeverse diameter between the inferior vena cava and the aorta at the level of right adrenal gland. After complete surgical interruption of the lymphatic drainage from the liver in a dog, follow up CT scans were obtained and correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: Fifty patients(88%) had underlying disease which could cause impairment of lymphatic drainage. Periportal low attenuation was identified in several clinical conditions, including surgical lymph node dissection, lymphadenopathy in the hepatoduodenal ligament, blunt trauma. In animal model, CT scan showed prominent periportal low attenuation at 5 days after surgery. Histologic examination revealed numerous dilated lymphatic vessels and a marked lymphedema in the connective tissues surrounding the portal vein and its major branches. CONCLUSION: One of the major.cuase of periportal low attenuation was impaired lymphatic drainage and periportal low attenuation corresponding to the numerous dilated lymphatic vessels and a marked lymphedema in the connective tissues surrounding the portal vein and its major branches.
Adrenal Glands ; Animals ; Aorta ; Connective Tissue ; Dogs ; Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ligaments ; Liver ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Lymphedema ; Models, Animal ; Portal Vein ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vena Cava, Inferior

BACKGROUND: During and immediately after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA), reversible ischemic electrocardiographic change and/of left ventricular dysfunction are developed. But it is not investigated whether there are potential myocardial cell damages following PTCA or not, and the clinical Significance of myocardial cell damage following PTCA. Recently cardiac Troponin-T has been developed as a new myocardial specific marker, especially myocardial damage. The object of this study is to investigate whether potential Myocardial damage following PTCA was occurred and the utility of cardiac Tropoin-T for predicting the complications during and immediately after PTCA. METHODS: The study group comprised 12 patients(M/F;8/4mean age;60 +/- 4year,AMI in 6) undergoing PTCA, Samples for Troponin-T were obtained before, directly after, after 2 hours, 6 hours, and after 12 hours and was determined by enzyme immunoassay on an ES 300 analyzer(Boehringer Mannheim). Discrimination limit for myocardial cell damage is 0.1 ng/ml in normal baseline level but if the baseline level is elevated such as acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina, myocardial cell damage is defined with further increase of cardiac Troponin-T(>0.1 ng/ml) compare to baseline level. RESULTS: 1) The mean duration of total balloon inflation is 10.7 +/- 2(3-22) minutes and the mean duration of single maximal inflation is 3.9 +/- 0.6(1-8) minutes. There are no significant change in concentration of Troponin-T by inflation time. None of the patients showed electroca rdiographic evidence for myocardial infarction. 2) Troponin-T were increased in 2 patients with unstable angina(0.01 vs 0.11 ng/ml) which were developed major dissection including acute closure during PTCA, and 2 patients with acute myocardial infarction(2.37 vs 3.73 ng/ml) which didn't developed dcomplication. The increase of cardiac Troponin-T were observed in 2 of 10 patients with uncomplicated PTCA(20%). 3)The subacute complications were not developed. CONCLUSION: The cardiac Troponin-T were increased significantly in two AMI patients with uncomplicated PTCA(2/10,20%). The increase of cardiac Troponin-T following PTCA is associated with periprocedural complications but the prognostic significance to detect postprocedural complication did not define in this study because there were no subacute complications after PTCA and may be limited value due to time course of complication(usaully within 1 hour after PTCA) and relatively long analytic time.
Angina, Unstable ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Inflation, Economic ; Myocardial Infarction ; Troponin T* ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

BACKGROUND: The endothelium is an important regulator of vascular tone via release of relaxing and constricting substances. The regulatory effect of the endothelium has been shown to be impaired in atherosclerotic arteries in human and animal models of hypertension. But there are some debates on extent and developing time of endothelium dysfunction in patients with hypertension, and the determining factors for endothelium dysfunction also were not defined. The objects of this study are to determine whether endothelial function is impaired in coronary and peripheral arteries, and to investigate the predicting factors for endothelial dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: The study patients comprised 14 patients with essential hypertension(M : 7, Mean age : 50+/-2 year) and 6 normal control (M :2, Mean age : 45+/-4 year). We assessed the vasomotor response to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin by change of arterial diameter during the infusion of acetylcholine, from 10(-9M) to 10(-6M) in coronary artery and 7.5, 15, and 25ug/min in left superficial femoral artery, and on intracoronary injection of 200ug nitroglycerin after acetylcholine infusion. RESULTS: 1) There were no significant differences in sex, age, body mass index and ventricular mass index, except systolic(174+/-5 vs 118+/-7mmHg, p<0.001) and distolic blood pressure(106+/-5 vs 75+/-5mmHg,p<0.001) between patients with hypertension and normal control. 2) There were no significant differences in laboratory date of total cholesterol, HDL-cho-lesterol, lipoprotein(a), microaluminuria and von-Willebrand Factor but Fibrinogen level was raised significantly in patients with hypertension than normal control(299+/-26 vs 192+/-23ng/dl, p=0.04). 3) The vasoconstrictor response to acetylcholine, 10-8 to 10-6 M concentration, at proximal, mid, and distal left anterior descending coronary artery were increased significantly in hypertensive patients than normal control(p<0.05). At rest superficial femoral artery, the vasodilator response to acetylcholine, only 25ug/min, was decreased in patients with hypertension(p<0.05). There was no signficant difference in the vasodilator response to nitroglycerin at coronary artery between two groups but in superficial femoral artery, the vasodilator response to nitroglycerin was decreased significantly in hypertensive patients(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that endothelium dependent vascular relaxation is impaired in both coronary and superificial femoral artery and it remained to be investigated the predicting factors for endothelial dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension.
Acetylcholine ; Arteries ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Vessels ; Endothelium ; Femoral Artery ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Models, Animal ; Nitroglycerin ; Relaxation