Drug deliver to the posterior eye segment (retinal tissue and vitreous) via systemic administration is constrained due to the presence of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) ,which regulates the permeation of many substances from blood to retina selectively.Two major transporters have been identified in the human genome,and they are solute carrier superfamilies and ATP-binding cassette.As the function of transporters is being revealed,it has been clarifed that the transporters are very important in pharmacokinetics.This article reviewed the expression and functional activity of various BRB transporters, including amino acid, oligopeptide, monocarboxylate, folate, nucleoside transporters etc.,updated the current knowledge about the BRB transporters and elucidated the urgent need for the development of optimal and efficient drug delivery systems.Any approach to further improving the ocular bioavailability of drugs will be of significant clinical relevance.

Objective:To explore a scheduling method of rehabilitation medical resource for smart traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for dysphagia because of cerebral apoplexy in order to save diagnosis time for patient and reasonably arrange treatment process for medical personnel.Methods: We designed the framework of smart TCM rehabilitation system, and proposed the medical resource scheduling model including acupuncture, massage and rehabilitation training. In addition, the genetic algorithm was employed to establish the scheduling method under the optimal objective towards the scheduling time.Results: (1) The treatment time of five dysphagia patients by using rehabilitation resource scheduling in Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital were saved 42.5% from the total treatment time compared to without scheduling; (2)The rehabilitation process of twenty virtual dysphagia patients were treated by the simulation scheduling, and 71% of total treatment time was saved. The efficiency of diagnosis and treatment was improved obviously .Conclusion: Smart TCM rehabilitation resource scheduling method can be used in an assisted rehabilitation therapy for dysphagia because of cerebral apoplexy, and it can improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment for patient and save a lot of medical resources.

Objective To study the effectiveness of electroacupuncture plus bloodletting in treating deglutition disorder after cerebral stroke.Method Eighty-four patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 42 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by electroacupuncture plus bloodletting and rehabilitation training, while the control group was intervened by rehabilitation training. After 2 treatment courses and 6 months after the treatment, Kubota's water drinking test and clinical bedside assessment were evaluated to measure the short-term and long-term therapeutic efficacies. By observing the change of clinical bedside assessment score, the effect of electroacupuncture plus bloodletting on certain symptoms of deglutition disorder was analyzed.Result The total effective rate was 90.5% in the treatment group versus54.8% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Respectively after 2 treatment courses and 6 months after the intervention, the drinking water test scores in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group (P<0.05). The bedside assessment scores in the treatment group were better than those in the control group respectively after 2 treatment courses and 6 months after the intervention (P<0.05). Post-treatment water drinking and bedside assessment scores were significantly better than pre-treatment scores in both groups (P<0.05). According to the observation of short-term and long-term change of bedside assessment, electroacupuncture plus bloodletting significantly improved both short-term and long-term scores of throat function, pharynx reflex, involuntary cough, throat movement, and swallowing cough (P<0.05).Conclusion Clinical observation showed that electroacupuncture plus bloodletting can produce significant short-term and long-term therapeutic efficacies in treating deglutition disorder after cerebral stroke. Electroacupuncture plus bloodletting can produce satisfactory effects in improving mouth-phase and pharynx-phase symptoms and signs in treating deglutition disorder after cerebral stroke.

Bacteremia ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Pseudomonas Infections ; pathology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Objective To investigate the effect of MOTOmed movement therapy on balance and ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) of convalescing stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods Forty convalescent stroke patients exhibiting hemiplegia were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group with 20 cases in each group. The control group received routine rehabilitation training; the treatment group received MOTOmed training in addition. Balance function of all the patients was assessed using Berg's balance scale (BBS) , and the Barthel Index ( BI) was used to assess ADL ability at the beginning of the program and after 6 weeks of treatment. Results Balance and ADL ability improved significantly in both groups after 6 weeks of treatment. The effect in the treatment group was significantly better than in the control group. Balance and ADL ability were positively correlated. Conclusions Applying MOTOmed therapy along with routine rehabilitation training can distinctly improve balance and the ADL ability of hemiplegics after stroke.

Objective To observe the effects of Yiqi Yangyin Recipe (supplementing qi and nourishing yin) and its different assembling on apoptosis rate and associated protein expression of c-myc and survivin in mice, and explore its mechanism. Methods NOD-SCID mice were injected with l×106 KG1a cells from the tail vein after irradiation of 60Co. Model mice were randomly divided into control group, whole recipe group, strengthening body resistance group, eliminating pathogens group. The treatment groups were given correspongding administration, and control group was given equal volume of NS. Flow cytometry was applied to measure apoptosis rate. The immunochemistry method was used to detect the expression of c-myc, survivin. Results Apoptosis rate in all treatment groups were increased (P<0.01). The expression of c-myc and survivin in lymph node tissues in all treatment groups were significantly declined compared with control group (P<0.05). The effect of whole recipe group on the all indices was superior to strengthening body resistance group and eliminating pathogens group (P<0.05). Conclusion Yiqi Yangyin Recipe can decrease the expressions of c-myc and survivin, induce apoptosis in leukemia cells, therefore shows the therapeutic effect.

BACKGROUND:It is believed that the splintage can promote periodontal tissue repair and improve the prognosis of loose teeth. However, the force of the splint is associated with the rigidity of the splint and adaptation between the teeth and the splint.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of the nylon composite resin periodontal splint, the
fiber-reinforced composite periodontal splint and the bracket periodontal splint on the treatment of severe periodontitis of the mandibular anterior teeth.
METHODS:Seventy-two patients with severe periodontitis of the mandibular anterior teeth were randomized into 3 groups, with 24 cases in each group: nylon composite resin periodontal splint, fiber-reinforced composite
periodontal splint and bracket periodontal splint groups. The clinical effects of the three kinds of periodontal splints and periodontal indexes were compared at 1, 6 and 12 months after splinting.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The clinical effects in the group of the fiber-reinforced composite periodontal
splint were significantly better than those in the other two groups at 1, 6, 12 months, which were 100%, 100% and 95.8%, respectively. The plaque index, bleeding index, and pocket depth were worse in the group of the nylon
composite resin periodontal splint than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Results suggest that the fiber-reinforced composite periodontal splint is preferred to preserve the loosened teeth with severe periodontitis.

Objective To determine the feasibility of ex vivo liposome-mediated gene transfer ( Lac-Z gene ) to lung isografts and to get expression. Methods An orthotopic rat left lung transplant model was developed with the use of a modification of the “cuff” technique. 18 SD rats were divided into three groups randomly. Gene transfer group ( group 1 ): PSV-?-gal/ liposome ( Lipofectin R○ ) complex was transfered into the donor left lung via the left pulmonary vein route at the time of lung harvesting. Liposome group ( group 2 ) and Control group ( group 3 ) : Grafts underwent the same procedure but received liposome and 0 9% saline solution respectively. Donor lungs were harvested one day after transplantation. The transgene expression of Lac-Z gene was detected by histochemical staining. Results Transgene expression of ?-gal in group 1 was detected in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells. But no expression of ?-gal was found in groups 2 and 3. Conclusion Ex vivo plasmid vector/liposome complex-mediated gene transfer to lung isografts via the left pulmonary vein route is feasible. This study provides the scientific proof to the feasibility of functional gene therapy of complications such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection and infection after rat lung transplantation.

Objective To understand the distribution of overweight and obesity in 0-5 years old children who were born small for gestational age ( SGA) in Shanghai through a cross-sectional investigation. Methods All resident children aged 0-5 years were included, covering all 18 districts in Shanghai. Health-check cards were prepared for SGA children. The check-up included weight,length/height and head circumference. Body mass index ( BMI) was used to evaluate the overweight and obesity according to the standard of World Health Organization ( WHO) . Results This study investigated 728 602 children aged 0-5 years in Shanghai,and ultimately 23 871 of them were defined as SGA,a-mong whom 9 805(41. 4%) were boys and 14 066(58. 9%) were girls. The BMI of SGA children were higher than that of appropriate for gestational age( AGA) from 4 to 18 months,while for the rest of the time,they were basically the same. There was no difference in changing tendency of BMI between SGA children and those AGA children. The distri-bution of overweight and obesity according to the standard of WHO in SGA boys among different ages was 7. 7% to 20. 7%, and 15. 7% in average;the distribution of SGA girls among different ages was 5. 9% to 18. 3%,and 12. 9% in average. The proportion of overweight at the age of 4-18 months was significantly higher than that of other ages. There was no correlation between overweight at 0-2 years old and overweight at the age of 5(P>0. 05). Conclusions Com-pared with SGA girls,overweight and obesity in SGA boys were more serious. The age of 4-18 months were the period of high incidence of overweight. There was no correlation between overweight at 0-2 years old and overweight at the age of 5.