No abstract available.
Cholesterol Esters* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

This study was carried out to determine the effect of long term administration of vitamin A on the changes of lipids in liver tissue and serum in rat. The animals were fed with control diet(200 ug/day) and high vitimin A diet(2, 000 ug/day) for 24 weeks. Vitamin A contents of liver in high vitamin A fed rats were increased linearly accordance with duration of the vitamin A administration, but levels of serum vitamin A showed unremarkable changes during the experimental period. Contents of cholesterol and triglycerides of vitarnin A fed rats were significantly higher than those of controls. Levels of HDL-triglycerides in v:itamin A fed rats were significantly higher than those of control rats during experimental period, while levels of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipids showed unremarkable changes during experimental period. Levels of individual cholesteryl esters showed undremarkable changes during experimental period in both animal groups.
Animals ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol Esters ; Liver* ; Rats* ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin A* ; Vitamins*

BACKGROUND: It has recently been demonstrated that human hair also contains lipids. On the hair surface, the lipid layer is attached to the outer surface of hair covalently bonded to hair proteins. However, there have been no reports on lipid distribution in human hair follicles yet. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the lipids of the hair follicle and its distribution and also to examine the lipid composition of the hair follicle. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Follicles were obtained from the occipital region of the scalp which were not under the influence of anagen hormone. The specimens were stained using typical methods of oil red O, Holzinger's copper-rubeanic acid modification, perchloric acid-naphthoquinone reaction. RESULTS: Oil red O staining that could be used to stain all lipids was well detected in the area, Henle's layer of inner root sheath (IRS), IRS cuticle, and hair cuticle, which were keratinzed earlier in the hair follicle. The hair cuticle and the IRS were stained dark green on Holzinger's copper-rubeanic acid modification that could be used to stain free fatty acids. The IRS was stained gray-blue on perchloric acid-naphthoquinone reaction method that could be used to stain cholesterol and its esters. CONCLUSION: The present results demonstrate that the lipids of the hair follicle are located on the hair cuticle and the keratinized area of the IRS. They can act as a barrier of the hair follicle.
Cholesterol ; Esters ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Humans* ; Scalp

BACKGROUND: The changes in lipid composition during epidermal differentiation has been reported in human and animal models. Because of the difficulties in getting adeguate specimens from human subjects, the authors used easily obtainable circumcised prepuce for lipid analysis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in lipid composition duriig cornification of the epidermis, the lipid compositions of whole epidermis and stratum corneum were analyzed by thin layer chromatography(TLC). METHODS: From circumcied prepuce whole epidermis and stratum orneum were separated by 10mM EDTA(ethylene diamine tatraacetate) in PBS(phosphate-buffered saline) or heat(60C), and 0.5% trypsin in PBS respectively. Lipids were extracted with methanolctloroform-HO mixture(4:2:1.6, v/ v, Bligh-Dyer solvent), TLC was performed and lipid composition was quantitated by photodensitometer. RESULTS: In the composition of stratum corneum lipids, sphingoliids were the highest(33.3+2.9%) followed by cholesterol, free fatty acids and cholesterol esters in cleceasing order, there were small percentages of triglycerides, cholesterol sulfate and squalene. CONCLUSION: In this study the lipid composition of epidermis was similar to that of stratum corneum rather than those of previous reports on epidermal lipids, which may indicate the regional characteristics of epidermal/stratum orneum lipids in hyperkeratotic prepuie.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol Esters ; Epidermis* ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Squalene ; Triglycerides ; Trypsin

OBJECTIVEStudies on the substance with nourishment Yin for a reasonable and rational auality appraise for turtleback.

METHODTo separate by chromatography and identifying with MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR.

RESULTTwo compounds were separated and identified as hexadecanoyl cholesterol ester and cholesterol.

CONCLUSIONThe two compounds are isolated from turtleback for the first time.

Animals ; Cholesterol ; isolation & purification ; Cholesterol Esters ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Turtles

BACKGROUND: The efficiency of lipid extraction by different kinds of solvents from stratum corneum may vary. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficiency of lipid extraction by several solvents from the stratum corneum, the total lipids weights were measured by an electronic microbalance, and lipids compositions of a stratum corneum were analyzed by thin layer chromatography(TLC) after pretreatment of several solvents, respectively. METHODS: Stratum corneums separated fro circumcised prepuce were pretreated with acetone, petroleum ether, or distillecl water for 10 minutes. Lipids of stratum corneum were extracted with methanol chlorofonn-H,O mixture(4: 2: 1.6, v/v, Bligh Dyer solvent). Lipids weights were weighed, and the ratio of lipid weight and wet weight of stratum corneum were measured. TLC was performed and lipids compositions were quantitated by photodensitometer. Lipids extraction in viva was performed on both forearms. After two times stripping with sellotape, lipids were extrected with the solvents using cup method. These were dried and lipids weights were weighed. RESULTS: The efficiency of lipid extraction from the stratum corneum of circumcised prepuce were acetone, petroleum e1 her, and distilled water in decreasing order. All groups were similar in the compositions of the stratum corneum lipids except for those of cholesterol esters and sphingolipids. The efficiency of lipid extraction from in vivo skin were ranked in order from petroleurn ether, acetone, down to distilled water. The efficiency of lipid extraction of petroleum ether and acetone were higher than that of distilled water. CONCLUSION: The efficiency of lipid extraction is influenced by the kinds of solvents as well as the materials and the methods of extraction.
Acetone ; Cholesterol Esters ; Ether ; Forearm ; Methanol ; Petroleum ; Skin ; Solvents* ; Sphingolipids ; Water ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVETo develop a new method for the determination of cholesteryl palmitate in Oviductus Ranae.

METHODA HPLC method was set up, using Zorbax Silica column and cyclohexane-diethyl ether (40:1) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), and the UV detection wavelength was 203 nm.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.60-8.92 microg (r = 0.9997), the average recovery of the method was 98.4%. RSD 1.8% (n = 6).

CONCLUSIONThe results showed that method was reliable and accurate.

Animals ; Cholesterol Esters ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Female ; Materia Medica ; analysis ; chemistry ; Oviducts ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rana temporaria

To explore the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of estrogen and especially observe the effect of estradiol on the content of cholesterol in J774a.1 mouse mononuclear/macrophage-derived foam cells which were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL). J774a.1 mouse mononuclear/macrophages were incubated with ox-LDL or with both ox-LDL and estradiol (1, 0.1 or 0.01 micromol x L(-1)). Oil red O staining was used to observe the formation of foam cells, and cholesterol oxidase fluorometric was used to determine the content of cellular cholesterol content. Western blotting and RTFQ-PCR were used to observe the expressions of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B I ) in J774a.1 foam cells. Compared with the control cells, J774a.1 mouse mononuclear/macrophage-derived foam cells showed significantly increased contents of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester (P < 0.001) and decreased SR-B I mRNA expression (P < 0.01). Estradiol treatment significantly lowered the contents of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester (P < 0.05), and increased SR-B I protein and mRNA expression (P < 0.01) in the foam cells in a dose-dependent manner. Estradiol can inhibit the formation of mononuclear/macrophage-derived foam cells by decreasing the contents of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester and up-regulating the expression of SR-B I in the foam cells.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Cholesterol Esters ; metabolism ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B ; metabolism

Tangier disease (TD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by extremely low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I resulting in accumulation of cholesterol esters in various organs. TD is caused by mutations in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene. Here, we present the first case report of a Korean patient with TD. A 45-year-old man had corneal opacity, intestinal mucosa abnormalities, and extremely low levels of HDL-C (1.8 mg/dL) and apo A-I (<10 mg/dL), consistent with a diagnosis of TD. Histologically, foamy macrophages were recognized in the submucosa of the duodenum and colon. We performed PCR-sequencing for all ABCA1 coding exons to confirm genetic abnormalities. Two novel mutations in the ABCA1 gene were identified: i.e., c.3148G>T (p.G1050X) nonsense mutation and c.3202C>T (p.R1068C) missense mutation. The c.3202C>T mutation was not found in 192 normal control alleles.
Alleles ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol Esters ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Clinical Coding ; Codon, Nonsense ; Colon ; Corneal Opacity ; Duodenum ; Exons ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Lipoproteins ; Macrophages ; Middle Aged ; Mutation, Missense ; Tangier Disease

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of pravastatin on cholesteryl esters in foam cells of murine macrophages and the relation with caveolin-1. RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were coincubated with 80 mg/L oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and pravastatin (0~100 mumol/L) respectively for 24 h. When the best control concentration of pravastatin was confirmed, RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were coincubated with 80 mg/L ox-LDL and pravastatin of the best concentration respectively for 0, 6, 12, 24 h. Oil red O dyeing experiment was used to show the lipid droplets in foam cells. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to determine the content of cellular cholesterol. The level of caveolin-1 was determined by Western blot analysis. The result showed that when macrophages were incubated with 80 mg/L ox-LDL, the ratio of cellular cholesteryl ester to total cholesterol (CE/TC) was beyond 50% through HPLC analysis, and a great deal of lipid droplets displayed in cells through Oil red O dyeing experiment, which manifested the formation of the foam cells. Pravastatin could decrease CE in foam cells in a concentration-dependent manner (1~100 mumol/L). At the concentration of 100 mumol/L, pravastatin decreased cellular CE more than 50%. The effects of pravastatin on the decrease of CE in murine macrophages also displayed a time-dependent manner (incubated with 100 mumol/L pravastatin from 6 to 24 h). Moreover, the expression of caveolin-1 was decreased when the macrophages were incubated with ox-LDL (80 mg/L), while treatment with pravastatin increased the level of caveolin-1 and displayed a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These results suggest that pravastatin could inhibit the development of foam cells through the decrease of cellular CE, which may be related to the upregulation of caveolin-1.
Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents ; pharmacology ; Caveolin 1 ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol Esters ; metabolism ; Foam Cells ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; pharmacology ; Macrophages ; cytology ; Pravastatin ; pharmacology ; Rats