1.Garlic powder intake and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
Jin Sook KWAK ; Ji Yeon KIM ; Ju Eun PAEK ; You Jin LEE ; Haeng Ran KIM ; Dong Sik PARK ; Oran KWON
Nutrition Research and Practice 2014;8(6):644-654
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although preclinical studies suggest that garlic has potential preventive effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, clinical trials and reports from systematic reviews or meta-analyses present inconsistent results. The contradiction might be attributed to variations in the manufacturing process that can markedly influence the composition of garlic products. To investigate this issue further, we performed a meta-analysis of the effects of garlic powder on CVD risk factors. MATERIALS/METHODS: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and EMBASE through May 2014. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on 22 trials reporting total cholesterol (TC), 17 trials reporting LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), 18 trials reporting HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), 4 trials reporting fasting blood glucose (FBG), 9 trials reporting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 10 trials reporting diastolic blood pressure (DBP). RESULTS: The overall garlic powder intake significantly reduced blood TC and LDL-C by -0.41 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.69, -0.12) (-15.83 mg/dL [95% CI, -26.64, -4.63]) and -0.21 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.40, -0.03) (-8.11 mg/dL [95% CI, -15.44, -1.16]), respectively. The mean difference in the reduction of FBG levels was -0.96 mmol/L (95% CI, -1.91, -0.01) (-17.30 mg/dL [95% CI, -34.41, -0.18]). Evidence for SBP and DBP reduction in the garlic supplementation group was also demonstrated by decreases of -4.34 mmHg (95% CI, -8.38, -0.29) and -2.36 mmHg (95% CI, -4.56, -0.15), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis provides consistent evidence that garlic powder intake reduces the CVD risk factors of TC, LDL-C, FBG and BP.
Blood Glucose
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Blood Pressure
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Cardiovascular Diseases
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Cholesterol
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Cholesterol, HDL
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Cholesterol, LDL
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Fasting
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Garlic*
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Risk Factors*
2.Dietary calcium decreases plasma cholesterol level only in female but not in male hamster fed a high cholesterol diet.
Ka Ying MA ; Yin Tong LIANG ; Jing Nan CHEN ; Yue JIANG ; Kin Ming KWAN ; Cheng PENG ; Rui JIAO ; Yuan Yuan ZUO ; Yu HUANG ; Zhen Yu CHEN
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2012;25(4):392-398
OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of dietary calcium on plasma lipoprotein profile in castrated and ovariectomized hamsters.
METHODSMale, castrated, female and ovariectomized hamsters (n=36 each group) were randomly divided into three sub-groups (n=12) and fed one of the three diets containing 0, 2, and 8 g calcium per kg diet for a period of six weeks. Changes in plasma lipoprotein profile were monitored at the end of week 0, 3 and 6.
RESULTSPlasma total cholesterol (TC), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triacylglycerols (TG) and TC/HDL-C were decreased only in intact female and ovariectomized hamsters. In contrast, three levels of dietary calcium had no effect on lipoprotein profiles in both intact male and castrated hamsters.
CONCLUSIONBeneficial modification of lipoprotein profile by dietary calcium was gender-dependent at least in hamsters.
Animals ; Calcium, Dietary ; therapeutic use ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; adverse effects ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cricetinae ; Female ; Male ; Triglycerides ; blood
3.Total cholesterol mediates the effect of ABO blood group on coronary heart disease.
Ping GONG ; Sha LI ; Liangyan HU ; SongHui LUO ; JianJun LI ; Hong JIANG
Chinese Journal of Cardiology 2015;43(5):404-407
OBJECTIVETo find a potential link among ABO blood group, lipid profiles and coronary artery disease (CAD) and to estimate the effect size of connection using mediation analysis model.
METHODSA total of 898 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled, and divided into CAD group and non-CAD group according to angiographic findings. According to ABO blood group, patients were divided into O blood group and non-O blood group, as well as A blood group and non-A blood group. Baseline characteristics among various groups were compared and the association of ABO blood group, CAD and lipid profile was explored.
RESULTSSubjects of blood type A had higher concentration of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared with that of non-A type (TC: (4.43 ± 1.12) mmol/L vs. (4.18 ± 1.09) mmol/L, LDL-C: (2.79 ± 0.99) mmo/L vs. (2.59 ± 1.01) mmol/L, all P < 0.01). TC and LDL-C were significantly higher while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and ApoA I levels were significantly lower in CAD group than in non-CAD group (TC: (4.36 ± 1.05) mmol/L vs. (4.13 ± 1.16) mmol/L, LDL-C: (2.61 ± 0.87) mmol/L vs. (2.47 ± 0.94) mmol/L; ApoA I: (1.38 ± 0.29) mmol/L vs. (1.45 ± 0.33) mmol/L; all P < 0.01). After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, blood group A and TC remained significantly associated with the risk of CAD (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.280-2.774, P < 0.01; OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.018-1.033, P < 0.01, respectively). Specially, mediation analysis indicated that 10.5% of the effect of A blood group on CAD was mediated by TC levels (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONOur data indicate that there is an association between ABO blood group, TC levels and risk of CAD. Around 10.5% of the effect of A blood group on CAD is mediated by TC levels.
Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; Blood Group Antigens ; blood ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood
4.Relationship between fatty liver and atherosclerosis, and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.
Chinese Journal of Hepatology 2002;10(2):150-151
Animals
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Arteriosclerosis
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blood
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Blood Glucose
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metabolism
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Cholesterol
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blood
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Cholesterol, HDL
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blood
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Cholesterol, LDL
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blood
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Coronary Artery Disease
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blood
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Fatty Liver
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blood
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Humans
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Triglycerides
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blood
5.The Effect of Yoga Program on Reduced Blood Pressure in Elderly's Essential Hypertension.
Hyoung Sook PARK ; Yun Jin KIM ; Young Hee KIM
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2002;32(5):633-642
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a Yoga program on decreasing blood pressure in elderly patients with essential hypertension and to suggest a yoga program effective as a nursing intervention tool to reduced blood pressure with increasing life satisfaction. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 24 elderly's essential hypertension, who practiced yoga by three times a week for 8 weeks. In order to evaluate the effect of the yoga program, blood pressure, physiological parameters (Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides) and level of life satisfaction were measured before and after the training. Collected date were analyzed by SPSSWIN program. RESULT: 1) There were significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. 2) There were significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides but no significant increased in HDL. 3) Blood pressure changes were time specific: Both of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced after 2weeks. 4) There was a significant increase in life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results proved that a yoga program was an effective nursing intervention to reduce blood pressure and to increased life satisfaction for elderly patients with essential hypertension.
Aged
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Blood Pressure*
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Cholesterol, HDL
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Cholesterol, LDL
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Humans
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Hypertension*
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Nursing
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Triglycerides
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Yoga*
6.The Effect of Red-Yeast-Rice Supplement on Serum Lipid Profile and Glucose Control in Subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose or Impaired Glucose Tolerance.
Mi Ran KANG ; Ji Young KIM ; Yae Jung HYUN ; Hyae Jin KIM ; Hyun Yang YEO ; Young Duk SONG ; Jong Ho LEE
The Korean Journal of Nutrition 2008;41(1):31-40
This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of red-yeast-rice supplementation on cholesterol-lowering and glucose control in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We conducted a doubleblind, placebo-controlled study with 3 groups ; placebo, low dose group (red yeast rice 210.0 mg/capsule, 2.52 g/day)and high dose group (red yeast rice 420.0 mg/capsule, 5.04 g/day), which were randomly assigned to subjects with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. We measured fasting serum concentrations of total-, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA) and 2 h oral glucose tolerence test (OGTT) before and after the supplementation. Both low dose and high dose groups had significant decrease in LDL cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) compared with placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally, total and HDL cholesterol improved significantly in high dose group compared with placebo group (p < 0.05). Fasting serum glucose decreased in test groups and increased in placebo group after intervention. However, it was not significant differences. In subjects which fasting blood glucose is more than 110 mg/dL, fasting glucose had a tendency to decrease in high dose group (p < 0.1) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) had significant decrease in low dose group (p < 0.05), while insulin and HOMA-IR had a tendency to increase in placebo group after intervention. Mean changes of glucose related parameters (fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) compared with placebo group did not show significant differences. In conclusion, subjects with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance were significantly improved in serum lipid profile by red yeast rice supplementation without serious side effects. These are more effective in the case of a high dose. The effects of red yeast rice supplementation on glucose control were insignificant.
Biological Agents
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Blood Glucose
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Cholesterol, HDL
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Cholesterol, LDL
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Fasting
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Glucose
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Hemoglobins
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Insulin
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Lovastatin
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Yeasts
7.Relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and childhood asthma.
Jia-Qi YAO ; Yu WAN ; Yi-Dong ZHAO ; Jing-Jing GUI ; Wen-Jie MAO ; Zhi-Ying HUANG
Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 2023;25(7):739-744
OBJECTIVES:
To explore the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and childhood asthma.
METHODS:
This retrospective study included 86 children with asthma admitted to the Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from July 2020 to August 2022 as the asthma group and 149 healthy children undergoing physical examination during the same period as the control group. Metabolic parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood glucose, as well as general information of the children such as height, weight, body mass index, presence of specific dermatitis, history of inhalant allergen hypersensitivity, family history of asthma, and feeding history, were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and asthma. The value of AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for predicting asthma was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
RESULTS:
The AIP and triglyceride levels in the asthma group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two groups (P>0.05). Before and after adjusting for height, weight, presence of specific dermatitis, history of inhalant allergen hypersensitivity, family history of asthma, feeding method, and blood glucose, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with asthma (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value for predicting asthma with AIP was -0.333, with a sensitivity of 80.2%, specificity of 55.0%, positive predictive value of 50.71%, and negative predictive value of 82.85%. The area under the curve (AUC) for AIP in predicting asthma was significantly higher than that for triglycerides (P=0.009), but there was no significant difference in AUC between AIP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.686).
CONCLUSIONS
AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are all associated with asthma. AIP has a higher value for predicting asthma than triglycerides and comparable value to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Humans
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Child
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Retrospective Studies
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Blood Glucose
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Triglycerides
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Cholesterol, HDL
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Cholesterol, LDL
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Asthma/etiology*
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Dermatitis
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Risk Factors
8.Regular transient limb ischemia prevents atherosclerosis progression in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
Yan ZHOU ; Nan-Rong ZHANG ; Zhi-Nan ZHENG ; Yi YANG ; Bao-Feng LYU ; Hong-Li WANG ; San-Qing JIN
Chinese Medical Journal 2019;132(9):1079-1086
BACKGROUND:
Endothelial dysfunction, the initial pathogenic factor in atherosclerosis, can be alleviated via transient limb ischemia. We observed the effects of regular transient limb ischemia (RTLI) on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
METHODS:
Twenty-eight rabbits were randomized to control, cholesterol, sham, ischemia groups (n = 7 each) between October 2010 and March 2011. They were fed a normal diet in the control group and hypercholesterolemic diet in other groups for 12 weeks. Six cycles of RTLI were performed once per day on the ischemia group. Serum samples were prepared to measure the total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) before the experiment (W0), at the end of weeks 4, 8, 12 (W4, W8, W12). The whole aorta was harvested at W12 and stained using Sudan IV to identify the plaque. The plaque area was measured using Image J. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance or rank sum test.
RESULTS:
Concentrations of TC in the cholesterol group were higher than those in the control group at W4 (29.60 [23.75, 39.30] vs. 1.00 [0.80, 1.55], Z = -2.745, P = 0.006), W8 (41.78 [28.08, 47.37] vs. 0.35 [0.10, 0.68], Z = -2.739, P = 0.006), W12 (48.32 [40.04, 48.95] vs. 0.61 [0.50, 0.86], Z = -2.739, P = 0.006). Similar results were obtained for HDL-C and LDL-C. Serum concentrations of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in the hypercholesterolemic groups had no differences (all P > 0.05). The percentage of plaque area in the cholesterol group was higher than that in the control group (47.22 ± 23.89% vs. 0, Z = -2.986, P = 0.003). Square root of the percentage of plaque area was smaller in the ischemia group than that in the cholesterol (0.44 ± 0.13 vs. 0.67 ± 0.18, P = 0.014) or sham groups (0.44 ± 0.13 vs. 0.61 ± 0.12, P = 0.049).
CONCLUSION
In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, RTLI might prevent atherosclerosis progression by reducing the percentage of plaque area.
Animals
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Atherosclerosis
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blood
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prevention & control
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Cholesterol
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blood
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Cholesterol, HDL
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blood
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Cholesterol, LDL
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blood
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Extremities
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pathology
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Hypercholesterolemia
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blood
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Ischemic Attack, Transient
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blood
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Ischemic Postconditioning
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methods
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Male
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Rabbits
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Triglycerides
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blood
9.Cholesterol concentrations in cord blood of newborn infants.
Wei-hong ZHAO ; Yu-jie LIU ; Hao-chang SHOU ; Li-jun CHEN
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics 2003;41(2):107-109
OBJECTIVEFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 0.2%. It is caused by a multitude of low density lipoprotein receptor gene mutations. It is characterized with high levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a high incidence of coronary artery disease in young adults. Cord blood cholesterol concentration is used for mass screening of FH. The purpose of this study was to detect the lipid levels of cord blood in newborn infants from China and to determine the cut-off point after 1 to 2 years follow-up.
METHODSTC, triglycerides (TG), LDL-C and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined in 242 healthy full-term newborn infants.
RESULTSThe mean values of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C in cord blood were (1.69 +/- 0.40) mmol/L, (0.23 +/- 0.12) mmol/L, (0.81 +/- 0.21) mmol/L and (0.58 +/- 0.16) mmol/L (mean +/- standard deviation), respectively. The HDL-C concentration in male neonates was lower than that in female neonates (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONAfter the follow-up of 1 to 2 years for FH, the recommended screening cut-off points were TC > or = 2.47 mmol/L and LDL-C > or = 0.89 mmol/L.
China ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II ; blood ; diagnosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Triglycerides ; blood
10.The metabolism characteristics of blood lipids and the correlation analysis of blood lipids and related factors such as age in the middle-aged and elderly men.
Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology 2012;28(1):89-93
OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the blood lipids and risk factors such as age in middle-aged and elderly men.
METHODS1603 men aged over 50 years old who took health examinations in June 2006 in the Chinese PLA General hospital were taken into the study. The total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting serum glucose (FBG), serum creatinine (Cr) and blood uric acid (UA) were detected, and the clinical data such as age, body height, body weight and blood pressure were recorded.
RESULTS(1) The detection rates of hyperlipidemia, abnormal TC, abnormal TG, abnormal HDL-c and abnormal LDL-c were 56.27%, 36.74%, 28.20%, 10.79% and 6.92% respectively, and the TC and/or TG abnormality were the majority. (2) Compared with the 50 59 years old group, the elderly men aged over 80 years old had lower detection rates of abnormal TC and abnormal HDL-c, lower levels of TC and TG and higher levels of HDL-c (P < 0.05). After adjusting for BMI, SBP, DBP, UA, FBG and CCr, the multiple regression analysis showed that the levels of TC and TG decreased by 0.097 mmol/L and 0.087 mmol/L respectively every 10 years older, while the level of HDL-c increased by 0.113 mmol/L.
CONCLUSIONThe study showed that the majority types of hyperlipidemia in middle-aged and elderly men were abnormal TC and abnormal TG. The levels of TC, TG were correlated with age positively and the HDL-c was negatively correlated with age. The blood lipids metabolism characteristics of elderly men aged over 80 years old should be considered before the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; prevention & control ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood