Animals ; Arteriosclerosis ; blood ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; Fatty Liver ; blood ; Humans ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of liposuction on insulin resistance and lipid metabolism.

METHODSThe levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and insulin sensitivity were measured pre-and 2-4 months postoperatively in 20 consecutive patients undergoing liposuction.

RESULTSCompared with preoperative, the insulin sensitivity increased significantly, the levels of TC and LDL-C decreased after the liposuction procedure.

CONCLUSIONSLiposuction may improve the insulin resistance and lipid metabolism.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipectomy ; Lipid Metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Young Adult

Resistin, a newly discovered peptide hormone mainly secreted by adipose tissues, is present at high levels in serum of obese mice and may be a potential link between obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. However, some studies of rat and mouse models have associated insulin resistance and obesity with decreased resistin expression. In humans, no relationship between resistin level and insulin resistance or adiposity was observed. This suggests that additional studies are necessary to determine the specific role of resistin in the regulation of energy metabolism and adipogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of resistin in vivo on glucose and lipid metabolism by over-expressing resistin in mice by intramuscular injection of a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-Retn encoding porcine resistin gene. After injection, serum resistin and serum glucose (GLU) levels were significantly increased in the pcDNA3.1-Retn-treated mice; there was an obvious difference in total cholesterol (TC) level between the experiment and the control groups on Day 30. In pcDNA3.1-Retn-treated mice, both free fatty acid (FFA) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were markedly lower than those of control, whereas HDL cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore, lipase activity was expressly lower on Day 20. Our data suggest that resistin over-expressed in mice might be responsible for insulin resistance and parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism were changed accordingly.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; blood ; Glucose ; metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Resistin ; blood ; physiology ; Triglycerides ; blood

Animals ; Aorta ; pathology ; Atherosclerosis ; blood ; etiology ; metabolism ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; pharmacology ; Diet, Atherogenic ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of serum HDL(1) on the formation of foam cells from human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages.

METHODSSectie density polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sd-PAGE) was applied for isolation and preparation of HDL(1) simultaneously. Monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation and plastic adsorptive process. The isolated monocytes were stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) at a concentration of 50 nmol/L for 48 h and transferred to macrophages. The monocyte-derived macrophages were then coincubated with 80 mg/L ox-LDL and HDL(1) (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/L) for 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively. The formation of foam cells was identified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and protein (Pro) in cultured cells were quantitatively analyzed by high performance chromatography (HPLC) and modified lowry protein assay, respectively.

RESULTSHDL(1) isolated from human serum by sd-PAGE could significantly decrease TC/Pro ratio in foam cells in a concentration-dependent (0 mg/L: 36.9 +/- 1.1, 10.0 mg/L: 6.2 +/- 0.4, P < 0.01) and time-dependent (10.0 mg/L HDL(1) 6 h: 16.9 +/- 0.9, 24 h: 6.4 +/- 0.6, P < 0.01) manner.

CONCLUSIONHDL(1) is capable of inhibiting and attenuating the formation of foam cells by decreasing cellular TC, therefore, might play an important role in attenuating atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol, LDL ; metabolism ; Foam Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Monocytes ; cytology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of niacin on the serum adiponectin concentration in hypercholesterolemia rabbit and the adiponectin concentration secreted by adipocytes in normal rabbits. METHODS: Ten male New Zealand white rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks were randomly divided into 2 groups: (1) The high cholesterol group maintained a high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. (2) The same cholesterol diet plus niacin (0.4g/kg*d ) were administrated for 6 weeks in the niacin group. A control group was fed with normal diet for 14 weeks. Subcutaneous adipose from the control group was collected for adipocyte culture. Matured adipocytes were incubated with various concentrations of niacin (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0micromol/L). Adiponectin concentrations in the serum and adipocyte culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, rabbits in the high cholesterol group showed higher serum levels of total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), all of which were significantly reduced by niacin treatment (P<0.01),and serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly increased (P<0.01). At 8th week, the mean adiponectin concentration of rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet was significantly lower than that of the control group[(1.268+/-0.039)mg/L vs.(1.449+/-0.107)mg/L,P<0.01]. Niacin treatment significantly elevated the serum adiponectin level which was positively related to HDL-C,and negatively related to TC and LDL-C. Cell experiment in vitro indicated that niacin could significantly induce the adiponectin secretion of adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Niacin can significantly promote the adiponectin secretion of adipocytes, suggesting that niacin probably has an ability of elevating the serum adiponectin level in addition to lipid-lowering effect.
Adipocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Adiponectin ; blood ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hypercholesterolemia ; blood ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Male ; Niacin ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVETo determine whether blood lipids profile, fibrinogen and viscosity were associated with passive smoking (i. e. environmental tobacco smoke, ETS) in Chinese women who never smoke.

METHODSIn Xi'an, China, a case-control study was carried out on 115 cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) defined by coronary arteriography (CAG) and 208 non-CHD controls confirmed by CAG and/or exercise electrocardiography. Data on exposure to ETS, defined as exposure from cigarettes smoking husband or co-workers or both for at least 5 years, was obtained through standardized interviews. Standard laboratory methods were used and the lipid measurements were under US CDC quality control programs.

RESULTSIn the subjects defined by CAG, the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2C, apolipoprotein (apo) A1 among passive smokers appeared lower than those in non-passive smokers,but the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apoB, apoB/A1, fibrinogen, plasma and whole blood viscosity were higher than that in non-passive smokers. There were positive associations of the numbers of coronary arteriosclerosis with the levels of blood lipids,fibrinogen and viscosity. In the non-CHD controls, 81 subjects were not exposed and 127 were exposed to ETS. The P values of t-test for the adjusted (for age, body mass index, present diseases history) means between two groups were listed below: 0.06 (total cholesterol), 0.30 (triglyceride), 0.004 (HDL-C), <0.001 (HDL2-C), < 0.001 (apoA1), 0.009 (apoB), <0.001 (apoB/apoA1), <0.001 (fibrinogen), <0.001 (plasma viscosity), <0.001 and 0.004 [two measures (5.75/s and 230/s) of whole blood viscosity]. The correlation coefficients between cumulative exposure of passive smoking and HDL-C,HDL2-C,apoA1, apoB, apoB/apoA1, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, and two measures of whole blood viscosity were -0.25, -0.27, -0.30, 0.24, 0.31, 0.32, 0.43, 0.51 and 0.36 (all P<0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONPassive smoking could affect blood lipid metabolism, fibrinogen and viscosity in the never smoking women which might contribute to the causation of coronary heart disease.

Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; etiology ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo observe the anti-atherosclerotic effect and its possible mechanisms of Modified Zhenzhu Tiaozhi Capsule (MZTC) in rabbits.

METHODS50 rabbits were divided into five groups, i.e., the normal group, the model group, the simvastatin group (3 mg/kg), the high dose MZTC group (1.6 g crude drug/kg), and the low dose MZTC group (1.6 g crude drug/kg), respectively, ten in each group. The atherosclerosis (AS) model was established by feeding rabbits with high fat diet. Corresponding medicines were administrated on the basis of high fat diet for twelve successive weeks. Levels of blood lipids, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were detected. The area of the aortic tunica intima plaque was determined. The pathological changes of the aorta were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), MDA, and atherosclerotic index (AI) were significantly lowered in the MZTC groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), while serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), SOD, and NO obviously increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and in the MZTC groups were obviously higher than those of the simvastatin group (P<0.01), and there was insignificant difference in other indices. The ratio of the aortic tunica intima plaque percentage to the total tunica intima area was also markedly lower than that of the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Results under light microscope indicated the pathological changes of the aorta was obviously attenuated.

CONCLUSIONSMZTC could inhibit the formation and development of AS plaque. Its mechanism might be associated with regulating lipids metabolism, antioxidation, and improving endothelial functions.

Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Rabbits ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Triglycerides ; blood

Because of their physiological similarity to humans, pigs provide an excellent model for the study of obesity. This study evaluated diet-induced adiposity in genetically lean pigs and found that body weight and energy intake did not differ between controls and pigs fed the high-fat (HF) diet for three months. However, fat mass percentage, adipocyte size, concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, and leptin in plasma were significantly higher in HF pigs than in controls. The HF diet increased the expression in backfat tissue of genes responsible for cholesterol synthesis such as Insig-1 and Insig-2. Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase 1 (FASN1), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were significantly up-regulated in backfat tissue, while the expression of proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2), both involved in fatty acid oxidation, was reduced. In liver tissue, HF feeding significantly elevated the expression of SREBP-1c, FASN1, DGAT2, and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) mRNAs. Microarray analysis further showed that the HF diet had a significant effect on the expression of 576 genes. Among these, 108 genes were related to 21 pathways, with 20 genes involved in adiposity deposition and 26 related to immune response. Our results suggest that an HF diet can induce genetically lean pigs into obesity with body fat mass expansion and adipose-related inflammation.
Adipocytes/cytology* ; Adipogenesis/genetics* ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism* ; Adiposity ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol/blood* ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood* ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood* ; Diet, High-Fat ; Inflammation/genetics* ; Insulin/blood* ; Leptin/blood* ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Obesity/genetics* ; Random Allocation ; Swine ; Triglycerides/blood*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect and mechanism of Yangxincao Capsule (YXCC) in regulating lipids.

METHODSSixty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, the normal control group (A), the hyperlipidemia model group (B), the high, middle and low dose YXCC treated groups (C, D and E), and the Shanzhajing (SZJ) treated group (F) for positive medicine control. Except for the rats in the normal control group, the other 50 were daily fed with fatty emulsion for 10 days to establish hyperlipidemic model. From the I th day on, in the same time of continually feeding with fatty emulsion they were administered with water, high (1.08 g/kg), middle (0.54 g/kg), low dose (0.27 g/kg) of YXCC and SZJ (5.4 mg/kg) respectively for 10 days, while to rats in Group A equal volume of water was given. At the 21th day, after rats were fasted for 16 h, their blood was extracted from post-orbital vein to detect the level of serum lipids, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein (apo) and lipid metabolic enzyme.

RESULTSCompared with Group A, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased remarkably, and the level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) dropped obviously in Group B. While in the four treated groups the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly reduced, HDL-C and its sub-components 2 and 3 (HDL2-C and HDL3-C), as well as the ratio of HDL-C/TC were raised. Besides, the content of apo-Al was increased and apo-B was decreased significantly in Group C and D, activity of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased in the three YXCC treated groups, all showed statistical significance (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) as compared with those in Group B.

CONCLUSIONYXCC could remarkably modulate the lipid metabolic disorder in hyperlipidemic rats, and has a certain bi-directional regulating function on lipoprotein, inferring that it could reduce the risk of occurring coronary artery diseases. The mechanism of regulating lipid metabolism might be related with the increasing activity of LCAT, LPL and eliminating of cholesterol by the elevated level of HDL2-C.

Animals ; Capsules ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Lipoprotein Lipase ; metabolism ; Male ; Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triglycerides ; blood