No abstract available.
Cholera*

Thirty one Vibrio cholera isolates recovered from cholera outbreak in Bintulu, Sarawak (Malaysia) were detected with the presence of ctx gene by using specific PCR. These isolates were further characterized and differentiated by using the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) and BOX-PCR to determine their genomic fingerprints. The specific PCR result confirmed the identities of 27 isolates out of 31 as pathogenic V. cholerae. The ERIC-PCR generated several genetic profiles consisting of 4-6 bands with sizes in the range of 100 to 600 bp, while the BOX-PCR produced profiles numbering 2-7 bands in the sizes between 200 to 1000 bp. Based on the dendrogram generated from the DNA fingerprinting profiles (ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR), all of the isolates can be divided into 2 main clusters that is further divided into 2 sub-clusters. The low genetic diversity of the isolates indicated the outbreak of V. cholerae in the study area was due to the contamination from a single or few sources of V. cholerae.
Cholera

A surveillance system for cholera control was conducted in Hai Phong from February to December 1998 in Ngo Quyen and Thuy Nguyen districs. The isolation of V.cholerae from stool samples of acute diarrhoea on one fixed day per week was the index study. The result of the study contributed to improve the effectiveness of the surveillance system.
Cholera ; epidemiology

The results of cholera surveillance from 1986-2000 showed that the incidence of the disease has dramatically decreased from 9.37 per 100.000 population in 1986 to 0.14 per 100.000 population in 2000. The disease has occurred all year round. However, the highest incidence was in January. February and the lowest incidence was in July, August. Cholera has mainly been recorded in provinces of central and Southern regions. Causative agent was Vibrio cholerae El Tor serotype Ogawa. The disease has spread through ingestion of seafood shrimp and fish sauces, water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae.
Cholera ; epidemiology

To confirm whether cholera epidemic in Hai Phong city is current or invasive, the stool samples from old cholera cases, healthy people, acute diarrhea cases as well as samples from environment such as oyster, fish, mussel etc. were collected for isolating V.cholerae 01. Not any of them was positive with V.cholera 01. It means that there was no evidence of current cholera epidemic in Hai Phong. The new cholera surveillance system was proposed for Hai Phong city.
Cholera ; epidemiology

No abstract available.
Cholera* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Cholera* ; Korea*

During 2001-2002 period, 19 lots of oral cholera vaccines were prepared at the Company No1 of Vaccine and Biological Preparation. Weight gain tests were performed on white mice, each test used 20 mices for vaccine sample and 20 mices for control. According to WHO standards and Central National of Control for Biological Preparation standards, cholera vaccine does not cause death for mice, and mean weight of mouse after three days injection is at least equal to that of infection moment and the mean weight gain of the seventh day is higher or equal 60% of control. All 19 lots of vaccine had had high safety
Cholera Vaccines ; Cholera ; Biological Products

From 1998, mass immunization using the locally-produced, killed oral cholera vaccine was conducted in half of the communes of Hue city followed by mass immunization of the remaining communes in 2000. In 2003, a cholera outbreak occurred in the city. The objective of the study is to assess the effects of vaccine after 3-5 years. The control group had the same address, sex and age with cholera patients. From May – August 2003, a total of 115 confirmed cholera cases were detected in Hue city. In this study, 48 cases were positive culture-confirmed and 21 cases was clinically suspected cholera. 62% cases had been vaccinated compared with 75% of the controls. The results showed that, using cholera vaccine in 1998 or 2000 conferred 50% protection against cholera during the 2003 outbreak
Cholera Vaccines ; Vaccination ; immunization

From 1994 up to now, active measures in the prevention of cholera have been implementing in Thua Thien Hue province, by the proper investment for safe water supplying, waste treatment, sewage treatment, sanitary-food safety examination and control of chloride content in safe water system, close supervise and soon discovery of patients with cholera, quick and strict responding to the epidemic so that limiting and decreasing significantly the mortality.
Cholera ; prevention & control