The test are on three groups of rat, each group of six lives. The results showed out both curcuma harmandii and curcuma trichosantha, in dose of 10g/kg of rat, continuously use for three days, increase the bile excretion of 114 percent and 112 percent compare with non drug groups of 100 percent. Drug's effect starts 2-3 hours after using and reaches the maximum after 4 hours. The effect lasts 3-4 hours for curcuma trichosantha, even longer for curcuma harmandii. These effects have no influence to total Bilrubin and bile density.
Cholagogues and Choleretics ; Curcuma ; Zingiberaceae

Choleretic and inflammatory effect of dried extract of Morinda longissima roots were tested in primari pig and rats. Dried extract of ML 0,67g/kg/daily exerts choleretic effect in rat, enhanced the bile flow after the 1st, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th 30 minutes by 34,88%; 30,77%; 27,03% and 43,75% respectively in comparing with the control in guinea-pig, dried extract of ML 1g/kg/daily exerts anti inflamatory effect, minimizing the swelling mass by 26,16% in comparison with the control
Cholagogues and Choleretics ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Morinda

Cholagogic traditional Chinese medicines refer to those that can promote bile secretion and excretion, strengthen gallbladder contraction and promote gallbladder emptying. They are mainly used to treat cholecystitis, gallstones, cholestasis, biliary tract infection, jaundice hepatitis and other diseases in clinical application. As a traditional medicine in our country, Chinese herbal medicines have many advantages, such as extensive resources, low cost, little or no toxic and side effects, and in addition, it is not easy for animals to produce drug resistance. With the progress of science and technology and the rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine, many achievements have been made in the research of cholagogic traditional Chinese medicines. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a cholagogic role mainly by promoting bile secretion, regulating SCP2 mRNA, FXR, BSEP and efflux transporter protein, dissolving cholesterol, promoting the relaxation of Oddi's sphincter and changing the composition of bile, etc. Traditional Chinese medicine decoction, traditional Chinese medicine preparation, Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture, ear acupoint pressing, soaking bath, western medicine and alike are often used to treat biliary system diseases in clinical practice. The effective rate of combination of traditional Chinese medicine and other methods was significantly higher than that of compound prescription, western medicine, acupuncture and soaking bath alone. General attack therapy and new therapies are also used in clinical treatment. The clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine is remarkable. By means of literature review, the pharmacological effects, mechanism and clinical application of Chinese herbal medicines and compound prescriptions with gallbladder-promoting effect in the past 15 years were summarized in this paper. At the same time, some existing problems were found and prospects were expected.
Animals ; Bile/metabolism* ; Cholagogues and Choleretics/pharmacology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions

Daily administration of glucocorticoids for 10 days to dogs resulted in a significant increase in the hepatic bile secretion in response to secretory stimulants. The response of hepatic bile in testosterone-treated animals was not changed and the response was increased in DOCA--treated animals. A significant increase of liver weight was induced by the animals receiving glucocorticoids. Other organ weight was not changed; however, a slight reduction of kidney weight was seen in prednisolone, dexamethasone, and DOCA treated animals and also in animals supplemented with cortisone following adrenalectomy. The presence of large areas of ballooning and vesicular changes of liver cells was seen in glucocorticoid treated animals, particularly in cases of dexamethasone and prednisolone. Both vesicular changes of liver cell and its glycogen content were increased by the repeated administration of prednisolone and reduced by the cessation of treatment. Special stain and liver glycogen determination demonstrated the material distending the liver cell was glycogen. These findings indicate that long term administration of glucocorticoids results in an increase of liver weight and hepatic glycogen content as well as increased bile secretion.
Animal ; Bile/secretion* ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Bilirubin/secretion ; Cholagogues and Choleretics/pharmacology ; Dogs ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology* ; Liver/drug effects* ; Liver/pathology ; Liver Glycogen/metabolism ; Organ Weight ; Substances: ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Cholagogues and Choleretics ; Glucocorticoids ; Liver Glycogen ; Bilirubin

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a slowly progressive cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune etiology. The initial presentation of PBC is various from asymptomatic, abnormal liver biochemical tests to overt cirrhosis. The diagnosis of PBC is based on cholestatic biochemical liver tests, presence of antimitochondrial antibody and histologic findings of nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis. Although the diagnosis is straightforward, it could be underdiagnosed because of its asymptomatic presentation, or underrecognition of the disease. UDCA in a dose of 13-15 mg/kg is the widely approved therapy which can improve the prognosis of patients with PBC. However, one-third of patients does not respond to UDCA therapy and may require liver transplantation. Every effort to diagnose PBC in earlier stage and to develop new therapeutic drugs and clinical trials should be made.
Autoantibodies/blood ; Autoimmunity/immunology ; Cholagogues and Choleretics/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/*diagnosis/pathology/*therapy ; Liver Transplantation ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use

Prednisone or prednisolone are the mainstay drug treatments for autoimmune hepatitis in children. However, long-term use of corticosteroid is associated with the risk of steroid-induced toxicities, and this situation requires newer immuno-suppressive agents for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis, especially in growing children. An 11-yr-old Korean girl with type-1 autoimmune hepatitis discontinued prednisolone due to toxicities, i.e., hirsutism, buffalo hump, and skin striae, and remained clinical and biochemical remission under replacement of deflazacort and ursodeoxycholic acid combination therapy. A follow-up liver biopsy after 19 months of deflazacort and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment showed histologic remission.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Pregnenediones/*therapeutic use ; Korea ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune/*drug therapy ; Female ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Cholagogues and Choleretics/therapeutic use ; Child

Animals ; Cholagogues and Choleretics ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Stomach ; drug effects

No direct comparison of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has yet been carried out in the treatment of liver cirrhosis in China. We designed a double-blind randomized trial to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy of TUDCA in liver cirrhosis, using UDCA as parallel control. The enrolled 23 patients with liver cirrhosis were randomly divided into TUDCA group (n=12) and UDCA group (n=11), and given TUDCA and UDCA respectively at the daily dose of 750 mg, in a randomly assigned sequence for a 6-month period. Clinical, biochemical and histological features, and liver ultrasonographic findings were evaluated before and after the study. According to the inclusion criteria, 18 patients were included in the final analysis, including 9 cases in both two groups. Serum ALT, AST and ALP levels in TUDCA group and AST levels in UDCA group were significantly reduced as compared with baseline (P<0.05). Serum albumin levels were significantly increased in both TUDCA and UDCA groups (P<0.05). Serum markers for liver fibrosis were slightly decreased with the difference being not significant in either group. Only one patient in TUDCA group had significantly histological relief. Both treatments were well tolerated and no patient complained of side effects. It is suggested that TUDCA therapy is safe and appears to be more effective than UDCA in the treatment of liver cirrhosis, particularly in the improvement of the biochemical expression. However, both drugs exert no effect on the serum markers for liver fibrosis during 6-month treatment.
Adult ; Cholagogues and Choleretics ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; therapeutic use

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with oral solubilized formula in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, patients with probable or definite ALS were randomized to receive oral solubilized UDCA (3.5 g/140 mL/day) or placebo for 3 months after a run-in period of 1 month and switched to receive the other treatment for 3 months after a wash-out period of 1 month. The primary outcome was the rate of progression, assessed by the Appel ALS rating scale (AALSRS), and the secondary outcomes were the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Fifty-three patients completed either the first or second period of study with only 16 of 63 enrolled patients given both treatments sequentially. The slope of AALSRS was 1.17 points/month lower while the patients were treated with UDCA than with placebo (95% CI for difference 0.08-2.26, P = 0.037), whereas the slopes of ALSFRS-R and FVC did not show significant differences between treatments. Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common with UDCA (P < 0.05). Oral solubilized UDCA seems to be tolerable in ALS patients, but we could not make firm conclusion regarding its efficacy, particularly due to the high attrition rate in this cross-over trial.
Administration, Oral ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*drug therapy ; Cholagogues and Choleretics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cross-Over Studies ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Placebo Effect ; Severity of Illness Index ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Vital Capacity/drug effects

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic autoimmune liver disease that predominantly affects middle-aged women. It is characterized by slowly progressive destruction of the small intrahepatic bile ducts together with portal inflammation, and this initially leads to fibrosis and later to cirrhosis. It is currently accepted that the pathogenesis of PBC is multifactorial with genetic and environmental factors interplaying to determine the disease onset and progression. In addition to antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), which is the hallmark of PBC and is detected in at least 90% of the patients, other autoantibodies (antinuclear antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody and rheumatoid factor, etc.) may also be found in the patients. There is no correlation between the titer of AMAs and the disease severity. Most patients are diagnosed either during the asymptomatic phase of PBC or after presenting with non-specific symptoms. Pruritus and fatigue are the most common symptoms of PBC. The prognosis of PBC has improved significantly during the last few decades. Patients are now diagnosed earlier in its clinical course, they are more likely to be asymptomatic at diagnosis and they are more likely to receive medical treatment. A wide variety of drugs have been assessed for the treatment of this condition: such immunosuppressive agents as corticosteroids, cyclosporine and azathioprine have a weak effect on the disease's natural history. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only currently approved medical treatment. For PBC patients with end-stage liver disease or an unacceptable quality of life, liver transplantation is the only accepted therapeutic option. Early diagnosis and treatment of PBC are important because effective treatment with UDCA has been shown to delay disease progression and improve rate survival in the early stage.
Autoimmune Diseases/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology ; Cholagogues and Choleretics/*therapeutic use ; Cholestadienes/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Cholic Acids/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/*diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rifampin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use