Osteosarcoma probably arises from a primitive, undifferentiated mesenchyme, It is highly malignant bone tumor characterized by the invariable formation of neoplastic osteoid and tumor tissue with poor prognosis. Osteosarcoma may involve any bone, but usually arises in the metaphyseal portion of long bones, most frequently at the distal ent of the femur, the proximal end of the tibia, and the proximal end of the humerus. The authors have experienced one case (52 year old male) of osteosarcoma originating from the right patella.
Femur ; Humerus ; Mesoderm ; Osteosarcoma ; Patella ; Prognosis ; Tibia

PURPOSE: Transaxillary and periareolar incision in augmentation mammaplasty has risks of injury to branches of intercostal nerves that lead to sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The aim of study was to compare the incidence of sensory loss between two groups according to incision method. METHODS: One hundred seventy one cases that received transaxillary or periareolar subpectoral breast augmentation at the M.D. Clinic from Jan. 2006 to Jul. 2007 were evaluated for sensory loss of upper inner arm and nipple. The cases were divided into transaxillary (118 cases, 69%) and periareolar group (53 cases, 31%). The type of sensory loss was divided into temporary and permanent. The postoperative follow-up periods were from 7 to 22 months (mean: 8.5 months). RESULTS: In cases of upper inner arm, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 9 cases (7.6%) and permanent in 2 cases (1.7%) in the transaxillary incision group and, temporary sensory loss in 1 case (1.9%) and no permanent sensory loss in the periareolar incision group. There is no statistical difference between the two groups for permanent sensory loss (P=0.340). In cases of nipples, results were as follows; temporary sensory loss in 26 cases (22%) and permanent sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) in the transaxillary incision group, and temporary sensory loss in 12 cases (10.2%) and permanent sensory loss in 3 cases (5.7%) in the periareolar incision group. There was no statistical difference between two groups (P=0.335). CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in sensory loss of upper arm and nipple between transaxillary and periareolar approach after subpectoral augmentation mammaplasty.
Arm ; Breast ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Incidence ; Intercostal Nerves ; Mammaplasty ; Nipples

In vitro culture of Toxoplasma gondii in HL-60 cells cnd cell-mediated immunity against Toxoplasma in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)-induced HL-60 cells, i.e., differentiation into granulocytes, were pursued. HL-60 cells were treated with various concentrations of DMSO, and 1.3%(v/v) for 3 day incubation was chosen as the optimal condition for differentiation into granulocytes. The degree of differentiation was assayed in physiological and functional aspects in addition to morphological point. When treated with 1.3% DMSO for 3 days, HL-60 cells did not synthesize DNA materials beyond background level, and showed active chemotactic response to chemotactic peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine(FMLP). Morphologically promyelocytes of high nuclear/cytoplasmic(N/C) ratio changed to granulocytes of relatively low N/C ratio. The relationships between HL-60 cells or DMSO-induced HL-60 cells and Toxoplasma were examined after stain with Giemsa and fluorescent dye (acridine orange). HS-60 cells did not show any sign of toxoplasmacidal activity but showed intracellular proliferation of Toxoplasma to form rosette for 72 hr co-culture. In contrast, DMSO-induced HL-60 cells phagocytosed Toxoplasma within 1 hr, and performed a process of intracellular digestion of Toxoplasma thereafter. With the above results, it is suggested that phagosome-lysosome fusion is one of the critical events for the parasitism by Toxoplasma or for susceptibility of host cells. The in vitro culture system of this study has offered a defined condition to study the protozoan parasite-host cell interactions.
parasitology-protozoa ; Toxoplasma gondii ; HL-60 cells ; dimethylsulfoxide ; in vitro culture ; dimethylsulfoxide

The frozen section technique is a means of intraoperative pathological diagnosis, and a procedure of great value to the surgeon. This method should be accurate, rapid and reliable. This method serves useful purposes, such as determining the presence of tumor, its type (especially whether it is benign or malignant), the adequacy of a biopsy of a suspected lesion, and the conditions of the surgical margins. But, it bears many disadvantages, the most of which is the danger of incorrect diagnosis. We studied the indications, the limitations, and the accuracy of the frozen section method and the materials studies was total of frozen section diagnosis of 809 cases was 98.1% with 0.5% of false negative, 0% of false positive 0.5% of incorrect histological diagnosis or grading errors, and 0.9% of deferred cases. The tissues submitted were lymph node, gastrointestinal tract, skin subcutaneous tissues in decreasing oder of frequency. The false positive case is not present, while the false negative cases were 4.
Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Frozen Sections* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Lymph Nodes ; Methods ; Pathology, Surgical* ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue

For evaluation on the histopathologic studies and age distribution of the testicular tumors in the Taegu area, the inguinal orchidectomized materials were collected at the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, and the analyzed results were as follows: 1. In total of 11 cases of orchidectomized materials, germ cell tumors are 10 cases (90.9%). In germ cell tumors according to the histologic types, seminoma was 5 cases (45.5%), and embryonal carcinoma, 3 (27.2%). 2. The highest age incidence of the group is 20th and 30th, and the next, 50th and 10th.
Age Distribution ; Carcinoma, Embryonal ; Daegu* ; Incidence ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Pathology ; Seminoma ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis*

No abstract available.
Lichen Planus ; Lichens ; Onychomycosis ; Toes

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Meningioma* ; Optic Nerve* ; Orbit*

No abstract available.
Erectile Dysfunction* ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Male

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia-reoxygenation on the proliferation of fibroblast, and to elucidate the role of oxygen free radicals in this process. Malme-3 fibroblast, derived from human skin fibroblast, was used for this study. The hypoxia or reoxygenation condition was made by exposing cultured cells to the environment of 95% N2, 5% CO2 or 95% room air, 5% CO2, respectively. Cell proliferation was estimated by the cell numbed, and DNA synthesis was measured by the [3H]-thymidine uptake. Release of oxygen free radicals was measured by the means of Ohkawa's method of lipid peroxidation. The effect of oxygen free radicals was confirmed by using dimethylthiourea(DMTU) and alpha-tocopherol, two known oxygen free radical scavengers. The results are as follows: 1. The dissolved oxygen of the culture medium was 8.97+/-1.23 ppm in the normal condition. When the culture dish was exposed to the hypoxic condition for 3 or 6 hours, the dissolved oxygen of the culture medium decreased markedly to the level of 3.10+/-0.46 ppm or 2.37+/-0.47 ppm, respectively 2. The number of cultured cells increased in a hypoxia duration-dependent manner up to 6 hours when the cells were cultured for 24 hours after hypoxia. The same pattern was observed in the cells cultured for 48 hours after hypoxia. Lipid peroxidation in the culture increased after the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. DMTU or alpha-tocopherol blocked the increase in lipid peroxidation induced by the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. 3. [3H]-thymidine uptake of the cultured cells increased after the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. 4. DMTU or alpha-tocopherol blocked the proliferation of fibroblasts induced by the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation. The increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was also noted after the exposure to hypoxia-reoxygenation, and this increase was blocked by DMTU or alpha-tocopherol. These results indicate that the hypoxia-reoxygenation induces the proliferation of fibroblasts, and that oxygen free radicals play an important role in this process. Moreover, oxygen free radical scavengers may be of potential therapeutic value in preventing fibrosis.
alpha-Tocopherol ; Anoxia ; Cell Line* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA ; Fibroblasts* ; Fibrosis ; Free Radical Scavengers* ; Free Radicals ; Humans* ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Oxygen* ; Skin