Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory states of the intestinal tract. While the exact mechanisms inducing chronic inflammation are still unclear, it is hypothesized that the inflammation is caused in part by an inappropriate immune response to the intestinal microflora. Although inflammatory diseases are not directly linked to patient survival, symptoms of these diseases significantly decrease quality of life. The incidence rate is higher in western people than eastern people, but the incidence rate of IBD in eastern people, including Korean, is increasing. Recently, it has been reported that IL-17 is an important factor that appears to be involved in IBD induction and progression. This report reviews many recent papers reporting the relationship between IBD and IL-17, which may provide an understanding leading to new means of prevention and treatment for IBD.
Colitis ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Crohn Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Interleukin-17 ; Quality of Life ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta ; Th17 Cells

BACKGROUND: Oxycodone is a strong m-opioid receptor agonist and has a longer duration of analgesic effect than fentanyl. We compared the use of an intravenous (IV) bolus of oxycodone and fentanyl for postoperative analgesic efficacy after dental surgery. METHODS: Patients underwent surgical extraction under general anesthesia. We prospectively enrolled patients who had received IV oxycodone (n = 36, 0.05 mg/kg) and fentanyl (n = 36, 1 mg/kg) 10 minutes before the end of surgery. The recovery profiles (hemodynamic variables, pain score, postoperative nausea and vomiting, sedation scale, and adverse events) were recorded for 1 hour in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) and at 6 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Under a potency ratio of 50:1 (oxycodone:fentanyl), time to spontaneous ventilation was significantly longer in the oxycodone group (8.1 ± 2.8 min vs. 6.9 ± 1.8 min, P = 0.021). The overall pain scores were significantly lower in the oxycodone than in the fentanyl group (P < 0.001), and the oxycodone group had significantly fewer additional analgesic requirements in the PACU than the fentanyl group (8.3% vs. 27.8%, P = 0.032). The incidence of postoperative nausea and sedation were comparable in both groups. No opioid-related adverse event was identified. CONCLUSIONS: In dental surgery, 0.05 mg/kg IV oxycodone had a longer-lasting analgesic effect than that of 1 µg/kg IV fentanyl, and could reduce total opioid consumption without increasing side effects. Patients experienced satisfactory analgesia postoperatively; thus, oxycodone is an effective opioid analgesic for acute postoperative pain relief.
Acute Pain ; Analgesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Oxycodone* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Prospective Studies ; Ventilation